-
文学术语
Terms in English
Literature
ry
(
寓言
)
A tale in
verse or prose in which characters, actions, or
settings represent
abstract ideas or
moral qualities.
寓言，讽喻：一种文学
、戏剧或绘画的艺术手法，其中人物和事件代
表抽象的观点、原则或支配力。
ration
(
头韵
)
Alliteration
is the repetition of the same initial consonant
sound within a
line or a group of
words.
头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复。
on
(
典故
)
A reference
to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work
that a writer
expects the reader to
recognize and respond to.
典故：
作者对某些读者熟悉并能够做出反映的特定人物，
地点，
事件
，
文学作品的引用。
y
(
类比
)
A comparison
made between two things to show the similarities
between
them.
类比：为了在两个事物之间找出差别而进行的比较。
5. Antagonist
(
反面主角
)
The
principal character in opposition to the
protagonist or hero or heroine
of a
narrative or drama.
反面主角：叙事文学或戏剧中与男女主人公
或英雄相对立的主要人
物。
6.
Antithesis (
对仗
)
The balancing of two contrasting ideas,
words, or sentences.
对仗：两组相对的思想，言辞，词句的平衡。
7. Aphorism
(
警句
)
A
concise,
pointed
statement
expressing
a
wise
or
clever
observation
about life.
警句：蕴含关于人生真理的明智的看法的精练的语句。
8. Aside (
旁白
)
A piece of dialogue intended for the
audience and supposedly not heard
by
other actors on stage.
旁白：只说给观众而认为不会让台上其他演员听到的一段对话。
ophe (
呼语
)
The direct address of an absent or
imaginary person or of a personified
abstraction,
especially
as
a
digression
in
the
course
of
a
speech
or
composition.
呼
语：
直接称呼不在场或虚构的人物或称呼拟人的事物，
尤指作为
演
讲或作文过程中的离题话。
nce
(
类韵
)
The
repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially in
poetry.
类音，类韵：相同或相似元音的重复，尤其指在诗歌中的重复。
here (
氛围
)
The prevailing mood or feeling of a
literary work.
12. Autobiography
(
自传
)
A
person?
s account of his or her own
life.
13. Ballad
(
民谣
)
A narrative
poem, often of folk origin and intended to be
sung.
14. Ballad Stanza
(
民谣诗节
)
A type of
four-line stanza, the first and the third lines
have four stressed
words or syllables;
the second and fourth lines have three stresses.
15. Biography
(
传记
)
A detailed
account of a person?
s life written by
another person.
传记：由他人撰写的关于某人生平的详细记录。
Verse (
无韵体诗
)
Verse written in unrhymed iambic
pentameter.
17. Caesura
(
休止
)
A break or
pause in a line of poetry.
18. Canto
(
章
)
One of the
principal divisions of a long poem..
诗章：一首长诗的主要部分之一。
19. Caricature
(
夸张讽刺
)
The use of
exaggeration or distortion to make a figure appear
comic or
ridiculous.
夸张讽刺：
为了使文中的人物显得可笑而使用的夸张或扭曲人物形象
的手法。<
/p>
20. Characterization
(
人物刻画
)
The means
by which a writer reveals the personality of a
character.
人物刻画：作者表现作品中人物性格的方法。
21. Classicism
(
古典主义
)
A
movement
or
tendency
in
art,
literature,
or
music
that
reflects
the
principles manifested in the art of
ancient Greece and Rome.
古典主义：一种在文学，艺术，
音乐领域体现古代希腊，罗马风格的
运动。
22. Climax
(
高潮
)
The point of
greatest intensity, interest, or suspense in a
narrative.
23. Comedy
(
喜剧
)
A dramatic
work that is often humorous or satirical in tone
and usually
contains a happy resolution
of the thematic conflict.
喜剧：
轻松的和常有幽默感的或在调子上是讽刺的戏剧作品，
常包括
主题冲突的愉快解决
24. Conceit
(
奇想
)
A
kind
of
metaphor
that
makes
a
comparison
between
two
startlingly
different things.
奇想：一种在截然不同的事物之间建立起的比喻。
25. Conflict (
冲突
)
A
struggle
between
two
opposing
forces
or
characters
in
a
short
story,
novel, play, or narrative poem.
冲突：故事，小说，戏剧中相对的力量和人物之间的对立。
26. Connotation
(
外延
)
All the
emotions and associations that a word or phrase
may arouse.
外延：包括单词字面意思之外的或被该词汇唤起的全部内涵的
意义。
27. Consonance
(
辅音韵
)
The
repetition of consonants or a consonant pattern,
especially at the ends
of words.
辅音韵：辅音或辅音模式的重复，尤指位于词尾的。
28. Couplet (
双韵体
)
A unit of verse consisting of two
successive lines, usually rhyming and
having the same meter and often forming
a complete thought or syntactic
unit. <
/p>
双韵体：
包括两个相连的诗行的一种诗的单位，
< br>通常压韵并具有同样
的格律，经常组成一个完整的意思和句法单位
29. Heroic couplet
(
英雄双韵体
)
A couplet
written in iambic pentameter is called a heroic
couplet.
英雄双韵体：五步抑扬格的双韵体称英雄双韵体。
30. Denotation
(
内涵
)
The literal
or dictionary meaning of a word.
直接意义：一个词的字面意义或词典意义。
31. Denouement
(
结局
)
The final
resolution or clarification of a dramatic or
narrative plot.
结局：戏剧或叙事场景的最后结果。
32. Diction (
措辞
)
A writer?
s choice and use of
words in speech or writing, particularly for
clarity, effectiveness, and precision.
措词：
讲话或书写中，
出于表述清晰，
言简意赅对词语的使用或选择。
33. Dissonance
(
不协和
)
A harsh or
disagreeable combination of sounds; discord.
34. Dramatic monologue
(
戏剧独白
)
A kind of
narrative poem in which one character speaks to
one or more
listeners whose replies are
not given in the poem.
35. Elegy
(
挽歌
)
A poem or
song composed especially as a lament for a
deceased person.
挽歌，挽诗：专门为悼念某一死者所写的诗或歌
.
36. Emblematic Image
(
象征
)
A
verbal
picture
of
figure
with
a
long
tradition
of
moral
or
religious
meaning attached
to it.
37. Epic
(
史诗
)
An
extended
narrative
poem
in
elevated
or
dignified
language,
celebrating the
feats of a legendary or traditional hero.
< br>史诗：
用严肃或庄重的语言写成的叙事长诗，
歌颂传奇中
或历史上英
雄的丰功伟绩
38.
Epigram (
隽语
)
A
concise,
clever,
often paradoxical
statement,
usually
in
the
form
of
a
poem. <
/p>
隽语：一个简明，机智，常常似是而非的陈述
,
< br>经常以诗的形式出现
39. Epigraph (<
/p>
引语
/
开场白
)
A
motto or quotation at the
beginning of a literary composition, setting
forth a theme.
引语：在一部文学作品开头的引言，警句，阐明主题
40. Epilogue (
结语
/
收场白
)
A short
addition or concluding section at the end of a
literary work, often
dealing
with
the
future
of
its
characters.
Also
called
In
this
sense,
also
called afterword
结语：
文学作品结束时简短的附加或总结性章节，
常常关于作
品人物
的未来也作
在此意义上也可称作
afterword.
41.
Epiphany(
顿悟
)
A
moment of illumination, usually occurs at or near
the end of a work.
顿悟
:
对现实真谛的顿悟或洞察
,
通常出现在作品的结尾<
/p>
.
42.
Epitaph(
墓志铭
)
An
inscription on a tombstone or in a short poem in
memory of someone
who has been dead.
墓志铭：刻于墓碑上用以怀念死者的碑铭
.
43. Epithet
(
表述词语
)
A term
used to characterize a person or
thing
。
表述词语：用来表示某人某物特性的一个表达。
44. Essay (
散文
)
A
short
literary
composition
on
a
single
subject,
usually
presenting
the
personal view of the
author.
散文：
内容通常论及一个主题的短小文章，<
/p>
通常表达作者个人的观点
45.
Exemplum (
说教故事
)
A
tale, usually inserted into the text of a sermon,
that illustrates a moral
principle.
说教故事
:
一种短小的体现某种道德原则的故
事性文章，通常出现在
布道文中。
46. Fable (
寓言
)
A brief story that is told to present a
moral, or practical lesson.
寓言：一种体现某种道德观念或实用价值的说教性文章。
47. Farce (
轻喜剧
)
A kind of comedy based on a ridiculous
situation, often with stereotyped
characters.
轻喜剧
:
一种以可笑的情节的为基础的喜剧，通常包含固定的角色。
48. Figurative Language
(
象征性语言
)
Language
that is not intended to be interpreted in a
literal sense.
象征性语言：不能直接用字面意义来斫獾挠镅浴
?br>
49. Figure of Speech
(
比喻
)
A word or an
expression that is not meant to be interpreted in
literal sense.
比喻：不能直接按照字面意义理解的词语或表述方法。
50. Flashback(
倒叙
)
A literary device in which an earlier
event is inserted into a narrative.
倒叙，
闪回镜头：
一种文学或电影的表现手法，往往在一段按正常时
间
顺序记叙的叙事中插入一件以前发生过的事情
51.
Foil (
陪衬
)
A
character who sets off another character by
contrast.
陪衬：用来反衬其他人物的人物。
52. Foreshadowing
(
铺垫
)
The use of
hints or clues in a narrative to suggest what will
happen later.
铺垫：用来预示将要发生的事情的线索或暗示。
53. Free verse
(
自由诗体
)
Verses
that has neither a metrical pattern or an regular
pattern.
自由诗体
:
既不具
格式韵律又不具常规格律的诗体。
54.
hyperbole (
夸张法
)
A
figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for
emphasis or effect
夸张法：一种比喻，使用夸张来强调或产生某种效果。
55. Iambic pentameter
(
五步抑扬格
)
A poetic
line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot
an iamb--that is,
an unstressed
syllable followed by a stressed syllable.
< br>五步抑扬格
:
一种诗句形式，每行诗句包含五个抑扬格音
步。
56.
Imagery(
意象
)
Words
or phrases that create
pictures, or
images, in readers?
mind.
意象：用来在读者的思维中唤起某种图示或形象的词汇。
57. Incremental repetition
(
递进重复
)
The
repetition of a previous line or lines, but with a
slight variation each
time that
advances the narrative stanza by stanza.
递进重复：
诗歌中对上文中一行或几
行的重复，
但每次重复都有一定
的变化，而且每一节的重复中的
叙述都有所强化。
58. Inversion
(
倒装句
)
The
technique
of
reversing,
or
inverting
the
normal
word
order
of
a
sentence.
倒装句：一种将句子正常的表达方法倒置的技巧。
59. Invocation
(
开篇祷告
)
A call to
a muse, god or spirit for inspiration at the
beginning of an epic
or other poem.
开篇祷告：在史诗或诗歌的开篇企求神灵给予启示的文字。
60. Irony (
反语
)
A contrast between what is stated and
what is really meant, or between
what
is expected to happen and what actually happened.
反语：
一种建立在字面表述和真实意义上或期待产生的结果和真
实的
结果之间的对比。
g
(
隐喻语
)
A
figurative,
usually
compound
expression
used
in
place
of
a
name
or
noun, especially in Old
English and Old Norse poetry. for example, storm
of swords is a kenning for battle.
隐喻语：尤指古英语和古斯堪的纳维亚语诗中，一种比喻性的
，在表
名字或名词时常用的复合表达方式，如
“
剑的风暴
”
是
“
战争
”
的隐
喻语
62. Lyric (
抒情诗
)
A poem, usually a shor
t one,
that expresses a speaker?
s personal
thoughts
or feelings.
抒情诗：一种用来抒发作者感情或思想的短诗。
63. Masque (
假面剧
)
A
dramatic
entertainment,
usually
performed
by
masked
players
representing
mythological
or
allegorical
figures,
that
was
popular
in
England in the 16th and early 17th
centuries.
假面剧：
一种戏剧性娱乐，
由代表神话或寓言中人物的佩戴面具者表
演，该娱乐形式在
16
世纪和
17
世纪早期的英
国很流行
.
64. Melodrama
(
情节剧
)
A
drama
that
has
stereotyped
characters,
exaggerated
emotions,
and
a
conflict
that pits an all-good hero or heroine against an
all-evil villain.
65. Metaphor
(
隐喻
)
A figure of
speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily
designates
one
thing
is
used
to
designate
another,
thus
making
an
implicit
comparison.
隐喻：一种语言表达手法，
通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从
而暗示它们之间的相似之处
.
ysical
Poetry (
玄学派诗歌
)
The
poems
of
17th-century
English
poets,
whose
verse
is
characterized
by an
intellectually challenging style and extended
metaphors comparing
very dissimilar
things.
玄学派诗歌：
17
世
纪英国诗人的诗歌，这种诗歌的特点是风格极具
智慧，引人深思，善用引申的暗喻来对比
极其不同的事物
.
67. Meter
(
格律
)
A generally
regular pattern of stressed and unstressed
syllables in poetry.
格律：诗歌中通常的重读音节和非重读音节的排列模式。
68. Metonymy (
转喻
)
A figure of speech in which one word or
phrase is substituted for another
with
which it is closely associated.
转喻：
一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的
修辞方法<
/p>
.
69. Mock epic
(
讽刺史诗
)
A comic
literary from that treats a trivial subject in the
grand, heroic style
of the epic.
讽刺史诗：一种用史诗的宏大风格来描写微不足道的事情的喜剧形
式。
70. Motif
(
主旨
)
A recurrent
thematic element in an artistic or literary work.
主题：艺术品或文学作品中反复体现的、揭示主题的部分。
71. Motivation
(
动机
)
The reasons,
either sta
ted or implied, for a
character?
s behavior.
动机
:
引发作品中人物行为的理由。
72.
Myth (
神话
)
A
story,
often
about
immortals
and
sometimes
connected
with
religious
rituals, that is
intended to give meaning to the mysteries of the
world.
神话：
一种解释世界上的神秘现象的关于神灵或
同宗教仪式有联系的
故事。
73.
Narrative Poem (
叙事诗
)
A poem that tells a story.
叙事诗：讲述一个故事的诗歌。
74. Narrator
(
叙述者
)
One who
narrates or tells a story.
叙述者：讲述或叙述一个故事的人。
75. Naturalism
(
自然主义
)
The
practice
of
describing
precisely
the
actual
circumstances
of
human
life in literature, it
is the extreme form of realism.
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