-
MIL-DTL-5541F
11
July 2006 2006
年
7
月
11
日
SUPERSEDING
替代
MIL-C-5541E
30
November 1990 1990
年
11
月
30
日
DETAIL SPECIFICATION
规范说明
CHEMICAL
CONVERSION COATINGS
ON ALUMINUM AND
ALUMINUM ALLOYS
铝和铝合金表面化学防护涂层
This specification is approved for use
by all Departments and Agencies of the Department
of Defense.
该规范适用于美国国防部所有部门和机构
1. SCOPE
1.
范围
Scope. This specification covers
chemical conversion coatings formed by the
reaction
of chemical conversion
materials with the surfaces of aluminum and
aluminum alloys
1.1
范围
.
该规范适用于铝制品和铝合金表面由于化学材料反应而形成的防护涂
层。
Classification.
The
chemical
conversion
coatings
are
of
the
following
types
and
classes.
1.2
分类
.
化学转换涂层分为以下类型和级别
.
Types. The
chemical conversion coatings are of the following
types (see 3.1):
1.2.1
型号
.
化学转换涂层分为以下类型（见
3.1
< br>）
：
Type I
–
Compositions containing hexavalent
chromium.
型号
I-
成分包含六价铬。
Type II
–
Compositions containing no
hexavalent chromium.
型号
II-
成分不包含六价铬。
1.2.2
Classes. The
materials,
which form protective coatings by chemical
reaction with
aluminum and aluminum
alloys, are of the following classes (see 6.1 and
6.4).
级别
.
铝制品和铝合金制品通过化学反应形成的保护涂层的材料，
< br>分为以下级
别（见
6.1
和
6.4
）
Class 1A - For maximum protection
against corrosion, painted or unpainted.
级别
1A-
用于最大防腐蚀、上漆或未上漆的防护涂层
Class 3
- For protection against corrosion where low
electrical resistance is required
级别
3-
用于电阻值较低要求的防腐蚀涂层
2.
APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
2.
应用文件
General. The documents listed in this
section are specified in sections 3 or 4 of
this specification. This section does
not include documents cited in other sections of
this specification or recommended for
additional information or as examples. While
every effort has been made to ensure
the completeness of this list, document users are
cautioned that they must meet all
specified requirements of documents cited in
sections 3 or 4 of this specification,
whether or not they are listed.
2.1
概述
.
该部分所列文件在标准的
3
或
4
部分做过说明。
该部分没有包括在本标准
其他部分所引用的文件或推荐的附加信息以
及文中所举例子。
为了尽量满足该列
表的完整性，
文件使用者被要求必须满足
3
、
4
部分所引用文件的一切要求，
不管
其是否出现在列表中。
2.2
Government documents.
2.2
政府文件
2.2.1. Specifications and standards.
The following specifications and standards form a
part of this document to the extent
specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the
issues
of these documents are those
cited in the solicitation or contract.
2.2.1
规范与标准。以下规范和标准形成该文件的扩展规
范。除非另行说明，该
文件的条款将被引用在招标和合同文件中。
FEDERAL STANDARDS
联邦标准
FED-STD-141 - Paint, Varnish, Lacquer
and Related Materials: Methods of Inspection,
Sampling and Testing
FED-STD-141
–
油漆、清
漆、漆器和相关材料：检测方法、采样和测试
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SPECIFICATIONS
国防部规范
MIL-PRF-23377 - Primer
Coatings: Epoxy, High-Solids
MIL-PRF-23377
–
底漆涂层：环氧树脂、高固体
MIL-DTL-81706 - Chemical Conversion
Materials for Coating Aluminum and
Aluminum Alloys
MIL-
DTL-81706
–
用于铝制品和铝合金的化学转换材料涂层
MIL-PRF-85582 - Primer Coatings: Epoxy,
Waterborne
MIL-PRF-85582
–
底漆涂层：环氧树脂、水性
(Copies of these documents
are available online at
/quicksearch
or
or from the
Standardization Document Order Desk, 700
Robbins Avenue, Building 4D,
Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.
这些文件的复印件可在<
/p>
网上获得，网址：
/quicksearch
< br>或
，
或通过从标准文件订单获得
，地址：费城，
4D
大厦，
700
Robbins
大街，
PA
19111-5094.)
2.3
Non-
Government publications. The following documents
form a part of this
document to the
extent specified herein. Unless otherwise
specified, the issues of
these
documents are those cited in the solicitation or
contract.
2.3
非政府出版物。以下规范和标准
形成该文件的扩展规范。除非另行说明，该
文件的条款将被引用在招标和合同文件中。<
/p>
AMERICAN SOCIETY
FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)
INTERNATIONAL
美国国家测试与标准协会（
ASTM
）国际
ASTM-B117 - Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus,
Operating. (DoD adopted)
ASTM-B117
–
盐雾设备，操作（
DoD
采用）
ASTM-D3359 - Adhesion
By Tape Test, Measuring. (DoD adopted)
ASTM-D3359
–
胶带粘性测
试，测试（
DoD
采用）
(Copies of these documents
are available from ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor
Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428-2959 or
.
该文件复印件可
从
ASTM
国际协会获
得，地址：
100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA
19428-2959 or
.
).
MIL-DTL-5541F
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY (ASQ)
美国质量协会（
ASQ
）
ASQ-Z1.4 - Procedures, Sampling and
Tables for Inspection by
ASQ-Z1.4
–
程序、采样和列表的属性检测
(Copies of this document
are available from American Society for Quality,
600 North
Plankinton Ave., Milwaukee,
WI 53203 or
.
该文件
复印件可从
ASTM
国际协会获得，地址：
600 North Plankinton Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53203 or
. )
SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS (SAE)
INTERNATIONAL
国际汽车工程师协会（
SAE
）
SAE-AMS4027 - Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and
Plate, 1.0Mg-0.60Si-0.28Cu- 0.20Cr,
(6061; -T6 Sheet, -T651 Plate) Solution
and Precipitation Heat Treated. (DoD
adopted)
SAE-AMS4027
–
铝合金，
板材，
1.0Mg
-0.60Si-0.28Cu- 0.20Cr, (6061; -T6
板
, -T651
板
)
，热处理解决方法和沉淀。（
DoD
采纳）
SAE-
AMS4037 - Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate,
4.4Cu-1.5Mg-0.60Mn, (2024; -T3
Flat
Sheet; -T351 Plate) Solution Heat Treated. (DoD
adopted)
SAE-AMS4037 -
铝合金，
板材，
4.4Cu-1.5Mg-0.60Mn, (2024;
-T3
扁才
; -T351
板
)
热处理解决方法。（
DoD
采纳）
(Copies
of these documents are available from SAE
International, 400 Commonwealth
Drive,
Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 or
.
该文件复
印件可从国际汽
车工程师协会获得，地址：
400
Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001
or
.)
2.4 Order of precedence. In the event
of a conflict between the text of this document
and
the references cited herein, the
text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in
this
document, however, supersedes
applicable laws and regulations unless a specific
exemption has been obtained.
2.4
优先原则。
当该标准文本与引用文件发生冲突时，
优先选择文本文件。
但是，
除非有特殊说明，该文件不得取代应用法律和规则。
3. REQUIREMENTS
3.
要求
3.1 Materials. If no
material type is specified type I shall be used.
Unless otherwise
specified in the
contract or order, substitutions of either type I
for type II, or type II
for type I
coatings are not permitted. The materials used to
produce a chemical
conversion coating
shall be approved for the selected type, class,
form, and
application method in
accordance with the qualification requirements of
MIL-DTL-81706 and shall have been
accepted for listing on the applicable qualified
products list (see 6.5). Replenishing
chemicals, such as fluorides, added to a bath to
maintain its efficiency, shall not
degrade the performance of the coating being
applied.
材料。
除非在合同和订单中另行规定，
当没有相对应
型号
I
的材料可以被使用
时，不允许采
用型号
II
代替型号
I
的材料或型号
I
的材料代替型号
II
。根据
MIL-DTL-81706
的要求以及应用高质量产品列表（见
6.5
）中的规定，对
于产生
化学防腐涂层的材料必须在选型、
级别、
形状及应用方法等方面得到许可。
对于
化学添加剂，<
/p>
如为了保持生产效率的添加物——氟化物，
不得在涂层被产生时降
低涂层的生成级别。
3.2 Cleaning. Prior to coating, the
base metal shall be mechanically or chemically
cleaned such that a water break-free
surface is obtained after rinsing (see 6.6).
Abrasives containing iron such as steel
wool, iron oxide, rouge, or steel wire are
prohibited for all cleaning operations.
Treated parts that have become soiled shall be
cleaned with materials that will remove
the soil without damaging the base metal, the
part, or the conversion coating. If the
coating is damaged, the damaged area shall be
recleaned and recoated or the part
shall be rejected.
3.2
清洁。在产生涂层前，基层金属应该进行机械或化学清理，这样在漂洗后可
在金属表面形成均匀水覆盖层（见
6.6
）。含有铁元素的摩
擦物，如钢丝绒布、
铁氧体、
糙布以及钢丝刷禁止用在清洁过程
中。
当清理附着有泥土的部分时，
不
允
许在清理过程中对基层金属或防腐涂层造成损伤。
如果涂层被损伤，
损害部分
应当重新清洁并再次上涂层，否则产品将被拒收。
3.3 Application. Unless an
application method is specified in the contract or
order
(see 6.4), the chemical
conversion coating shall be applied
nonelectrolytically by
spray, brush, or
immersion after all heat treatments and mechanical
operations such as
forming,
perforating, machining, brazing, and welding have
been completed (see 6.11
and 6.14).
Assemblies containing nonaluminum parts that may
be attacked, embrittled,
or damaged in
any way by the conversion coating process shall
not be coated as
assemblies unless the
nonaluminum parts are masked.
3.3
应用。
除非在合同或订单中另
行规定应用方法
（见
6.4
）
，
在所有热处理以及
机加工操作（成型、射孔、
机加工、打磨和焊接）完成之后（见
6.11
和
6.14
），
化学防腐涂层应当被应用在由于喷雾、浸
泡和涂刷时的非电解状态下。装配时，
包含非铝制品部件的部分
（可能会在防腐涂层产生过程中受到冲击、
脆化或损坏）
不应当
被上涂层（除非该部分要求被覆盖）。
3.4 Touch-up. If specified in the
contract or order, mechanically damaged areas from
which the coating has been removed
shall be touched up or rejected. The damaged
areas shall be touched up with MIL-
DTL-81706 material approved on QPL-81706 for
the applicable type, class, form, and
method. The area to be touched up shall be not
greater than 5 percent of the total
item surface area (see 6.4 and 6.17).
3.4
修补。如果在合同和订单中有规定，由于机械损伤而产
生的涂层损坏部分应
当被修补否则将被拒收。损坏部分的修补参见
MIL-DTL-81706
材料许可
QPL-81706<
/p>
应用型号、形状和方法。修补面积不得超过单个产品总表面积的
5
%
。
（见
6.4
和
6.17
）
3.5 Appearance. The
chemical conversion coating shall be continuous in
appearance
and visibly discernible in
daylight. It shall be free from areas of powdery
or loose
coating, voids, scratches,
flaws, and other defects or damages which reduce
the
serviceability of parts or are
detrimental to the protective value and paint
bonding
characteristics. The size and
number of contact marks shall be minimal,
consistent
with good practice. If
specified in the contract or order, contact marks
shall be
touched up with MIL-DTL-81706
material approved on QPL-81706 for the applicable
type, class, form, and method to
prevent localized corrosion (see 6.4 and 6.8).
3.5
外观。化学防腐涂层应当在
日光下保持完整性和清晰性。任何可能会损坏部
件实用性或降低防腐水平以及油漆表面性
能的缺陷，
如粉末化、
漏涂、
擦刮、<
/p>
裂
痕以及空泡都不允许发生。
合同标识的
尺寸以及数字应当最小化，
保持最佳实用
性。如在合同以及订单
中有规定，合同标识应根据
MIL-DTL-81706
材料许
可
QPL-81706
应用型号、形状和方法来进行润色。
3.6 Performance
characteristics.
3.6
性能特点
3.6.1 Corrosion resistance. At the end
of 168 hours of exposure to the 5 percent salt
spray test specified in 4.4.1, test
specimens (see 4.2.2) treated with the applicable
class of coating shall meet the
following corrosion resistance requirements (see
6.14):
3.6.1
防腐性
能。
根据
4.4.1
测试规定，
经过
168
小时暴露在
5%
的盐雾喷射实验后，
涂层应用级别处理的测试样本
（见
4.2.2
）
应
当满足一下防腐性能要求
（见
6.14
）
：
a.
No more than 5 isolated spots or pits (see 6.9),
none larger than 0.031 inch in
diameter, per test specimen. Areas
within 0.25 inch from the edges, identification
markings, and holding points during
processing or salt spray exposure shall be
excluded. Loss of color shall not be
cause for rejection.
a.
每个测试样本那个有超过
5
个绝缘点或坑
（见
6.9
）
，
每个直径不超过
0.031
英寸。
从边缘开始的
0.25
英寸范围之内，在涂层处
理或暴露于盐雾中时应避开识别标
志、抓握点。失色不应成为拒收理由。
b. No more than 15
isolated spots or pits, none larger than 0.031
inch in diameter, on
the combined
surface area of all five test specimens, subjected
to the salt spray test.
b.<
/p>
所有
5
个测试样本（盐雾试验）总体表面
不得超过
15
个独立点坑，每个直径不
得超过
0.031
英寸。
3.6.2 Paint adhesion (wet
tape). When the production paint system (6.13) or
the paint
system specified in 4.2.2.1.1
is applied to the applicable test specimens (see
4.2.2), no
intercoat separation shall
occur between the paint system and the conversion
coating,
or between the conversion
coating and the base metal, when tested in
accordance with
4.4.2 (an adhesion
rating of 4A or better according to ASTM-D3359
Procedure A)
(see 6.12). If the
conversion coated parts do not require painting
for end use, the paint
adhesion test
may be omitted if specifically authorized by the
acquisition activity (see
6.4).
3.6.2
油漆附着性能（湿性胶
带）。当产品油漆系统（
6.13
）或
4.2.2.1.1
规定的油
漆系统应用在测试样本中时（见<
/p>
4.2.2
），根据
4A
中
4.4.2
（附着率）或根据
ASTM-D3359
程序
A
（见<
/p>
6.12
），在油漆系统和防腐涂层之间，或者防腐涂层和
基层金属之间不应产生中间涂层间隔。如果防腐涂层部分没有在最后被要求喷
< br>漆。则在采集性活动中经过官方许可，附着性测试可被省略（见
6.4
）。
3.7
Electrical contact resistance of class 3 coatings.
Electrical contact resistance
testing
shall be as specified in the contract or order
(see 6.4). The test method,
frequency
of testing, and required resistance values shall
be specified by the
acquisition
activity to meet the needs of a particular
application (see 6.1.2.1).
3.7
涂层级别
3
< br>的接触电阻性能。
在合同或订单中应当规定接触电阻性能测试
（见
6.4
）。在采购活动中应规定测试方法、测试频率和
电阻性能要求，以满足特殊
应用的需求（见
6.1.2.1
）
3.8
Chemical analysis of the conversion solution.
Chemical analysis of the conversion
solution shall consist of
concentration, pH, and temperature evaluations to
determine
that the bath is within the
ranges specified by the chemical manufacturer (see
6.11).
3.8
转换方案的化
学分析。转换方案的化学分析应包括浓度、
PH
值、温度评测以
决定电解槽是在化学制造商规定范围之内（见
6.11
）。
3.9
Workmanship. The chemical conversion coatings
covered by this specification
shall be
produced by treatments and processes that produce
coated components as
specified in this
specification.
3.9
< br>工艺。该标准所涉及的化学转化涂层应当是在处理过程中产生，因此生成的
涂层材
料符合本规范的规定。
4.
VERIFICATION
验证
Classification of inspections. The
inspection requirements specified herein are
classified as follows:
4.1
检测分级。对本标准的检测分级要求如下所示：
a.
Process control inspection (see 4.2). <
/p>
过程控制检测（见
4.2
）
b.
Conformance inspection (see 4.3).
一致性检测（见
4.3
）
4.2
Process control inspection.
过程控制检测
Process control tests and
solution analysis. Test specimens shall be tested
in
accordance with table I and 4.2.1.1.
In addition to the tests in table I, solution
analysis
shall be performed on all the
processing solutions in the chemical conversion
line (see
3.8) to verify that the
chemical concentrations are within ranges
established for
optimum performance
(see 6.11 and 6.14). Process control tests are
conducted to
determine compliance of
the chemical conversion coatings with the
requirements of
this specification and
are acceptable as evidence of the properties being
obtained with
the equipment and
procedures employed.
4.2.1
过程控制测试与解决方案
分析。
测试样本应以表
I
和
4.2.1.1
节为标准进行测
试。除了表
I
的测试，在所有化学转化列表中（见
3.8
）都要求对解决方案
进行分析，以验证化学浓度在给出的最佳完
成效果范围之内（见
6.11
和
6.1
4
）。过程控制测试的目的，是确定化学转化涂层与本规范要求以及在
< br>使用设备和程序过程中所获得的特性证据接受度的一致性。
TABLE I. Process control
tests.
表
I
过程控制测试
Test
Class
Number
of
Test
Requirement
Test
测试
级别
Test
Specimen
paragraph
paragraph
Corrossion
Resistance
防腐性能
Wet tape
Adhesion
湿性胶带
粘性
Electrical
contact
Resistance
电接触电
阻
1A
3
1A
3
specimens
preparation
测试样本
paragraph
编号
测试样本准
备章节
5
4.2.2
5
4.2.2
2
2
4.2.2-4.2.2.1
4.2.2-4.2.2.1
要求章节
测试章节
3.6.1
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.2
4.4.1
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.2
3
5
4.2.2
3.7
4.4.1
4.2.1.1 Frequency of
process control testing and solution analysis.
Solution
analysis shall at a minimum be
performed once every week (see 6.15). The process
control tests specified in table I
shall at a minimum be conducted on a monthly
basis.
In addition, the interval
between each monthly test shall not exceed 35
days. If
production in accordance with
this specification is not performed for 35 days or
more,
process control tests and
solution analysis shall be conducted at the
restart of
production.
4.2.1.1
过程控制测试与解决方案分析频率。解决方案分析至少一
周一次（见
6.15
）
。
根据表
I
规定，
过程控制测
试周期要求至少以单月为基础。
此外，
每个月
< br>之间的间隔不得超过
35
天。如果生产中没有按照此要求
完成，或超过
35
天完成，
则过程控制
测试和解决方案分析需要重新进行。
4.2.2 Process control test specimens.
Test specimens used for process control testing
shall be 3 inches wide, 10 inches long,
with a nominal thickness of not less than
0.020-inch. The test specimens shall be
processed with the hardware during an actual
production run, including all pre- and
post-treatment processes such as cleaning and
rinsing, except as specified below.
Unless otherwise specified in the contract or
order
(see 6.4), either of the
following alloy options for the process control
test specimens
shall be used:
4.2.2
过程控制测试样本。过
程控制测试样本尺寸要求
3
英寸宽、
1
0
英寸长、
平均厚度不得超过
0.02
0
英寸。在对样本的测试过程当中，应当完全按照实际生
产过程
中的程序来进行，
包括所有预处理和后期处理，
如清洁和漂洗，
如下文规
定。除非在合同和订单中另行规定（见
6.4
），以下在过程控制测试样本的合金
材料操作应
使用：
Option 1 - A
set of test specimens shall be used for each alloy
and temper treated
during the monthly
process control period.
操作
1 -
每月处理控制期间的用于回火处理和每种合金的一套测试样本。
Option 2 - The test
specimens shall be 2024-T3 aluminum alloy in
accordance with
SAE-AMS4037
for class 1A coatings and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy
test specimens in
accordance with SAE-
AMS4027 for class 3 coatings. Aluminum alloy
2024-T3 test
specimens may be used in
lieu of 6061-T6 test specimens for testing class 3
coatings
(see 6.10). When castings are
being processed and the cleaning procedures used
are
detrimental to the wrought test
specimens, the test specimens shall be cleaned in
a
proper manner (see 3.2) and the
conversion coated with the castings. If the
production
parts are not 2024-T3
aluminum alloy and the etch or deoxidizer may be
detrimental
to the test specimens, the
manufacturer’s recommen
ded cleaning
practices shall be
used.
操作
2 -
根据
SAE-AMS4.37
（适用于
级别
1A
涂层和
6.61-T6
铝合金测试样本）以
及
SAE-
AMS4027
（铝合金测试样本级别
3
涂层）
，
测试样本应为
2.24-
T3
铝合金。
2.24-T3
铝合金测
试样本可以应用在级别
3
涂层
6.61
-T6
测试样本
（见
6.10
）
环境下。
当处理的
铸件和应用的清洁流程对锻造测试样本产生有害效果时，
应对测试样本
< br>采用适当的情节方法
（见
3.2
）
并对逐渐进行转化涂层。
如果测试样本不是
< br>2.24-T3
铝合金测试样本，
并且蚀刻或脱氧剂可能
会对样本造成损害时，
应使用制造商推
荐的清洁方法。
4.2.2.1 Preparation
of paint adhesion specimens. Unless otherwise
specified on the
contract or order (see
6.4), the paint system to be used on the test
specimens for
adhesion testing (see
4.4.2 and 6.13) shall be the same system used for
the production
work (applied and cured
in the same manner as the production work) or the
paint
system specified in 4.2.2.1.1.
4.2.2.1
样本涂料附着力准
备。除非合同或订单中另行规定（见
6.4
），油漆系统
中测试样本的额附着性能测试（见
4.4.2
和
6.13
）应与生产中使用（生产应用同种
< br>方法）同一种系统，或依照
4.2.2.1.1
规定的油
漆系统来完成。
4.2.2.1.1 Epoxy primer coatings. Test
specimens shall be furnished with one coat of a
volatile organic compound (VOC)
compliant epoxy-polymide primer conforming to
MIL-PRF-23377 or MIL-PRF-85582. In
either case, the primer shall be applied to a
dry film thickness of 0.0006 to 0.0009
inch (0.6 to 0.9 mil) and dried in accordance
with the applicable primer
specification before testing in accordance with
4.4.2.
4.2.2.1.1
环氧底漆涂层。
要求符合
MIL-
PRF-23377
或
MIL-P
RF-85582
，
测试样
本应当涂上
挥发性有机化合物（
VOC
）环氧聚酰亚胺底漆涂层。或者在另
一种
情况下，
根据
4.4.2
在测试前，
依照应用底漆干燥规定，
干燥底漆厚
度在
0.0006
到
0.0009
英寸之间。
4.2.3 Failure. Failure to conform to
any of the process control requirements specified
in table I shall result in immediate
cessation of production. The reason for failure
shall