-
MIL-
DTL-5541F
铝和铝合金表面化学防护涂层
MIL-DTL-5541F
中英文版
超级中文标准网超级中文标准网
MIL-DTL-5541F
SUPERSEDING
替代
MIL-C-5541E
30 November 1990 1990
年
11
月
30
日
DETAIL SPECIFICATION
规范说明
CHEMICAL
CONVERSION COATINGS
ON ALUMINUM AND
ALUMINUM ALLOYS
铝和铝合金表面化学防护涂层
This specification is approved for use
by all Departments and Agencies of the
Department of Defense.
该规范适用于美国国防部所有部门和机构
1. SCOPE
1.
范围
1.1 of
chemical conversion materials with the surfaces of
aluminum and aluminum
alloys
1.1
该规范适用于铝制品和铝合金表面由于化学材料反应而形成的防护涂层。
1.2 The chemical conversion
coatings are of the following types and classes. <
/p>
分类
.
化学转换涂层分为以下类型和级别
.
1.2.1 Types. The chemical
conversion coatings are of the following types
(see 3.1):
1.2.1
型号
.
化学转换涂层分为以下类型（见
3.1
< br>）：
Type I
–
Compositions containing
hexavalent chromium.
型号
I-
成分包含六价铬。
Type II
–
Compositions containing no
hexavalent chromium.
型号
II-
成分不包含六价铬。
1.2.2
Classes. The materials, which form protective
coatings by chemical reaction
with
aluminum and aluminum alloys, are of
the following classes (see 6.1 and 6.4).
1.2.2
级别
.
< br>铝制品和铝合金制品通过化学反应形成的保护涂层的材料，分为以
下级别（见
6.1
和
6.4
）
Class 1A - For
maximum protection against corrosion, painted or
unpainted.
级别
1A-
用
于最大防腐蚀、上漆或未上漆的防护涂层
Class 3 -
For protection against corrosion where low
electrical resistance is required
级别
3-
用于电阻值较低要求的防腐蚀涂层
2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
2.
应用文件
2.1 General.
The documents listed in this section are specified
in sections 3 or 4 of
this
specification. This section does not include
documents cited in other sections of this
specification or recommended for
additional information or as examples. While every
effort has been made to ensure the
completeness of this list,
document
users are cautioned that they must meet all
specified requirements of
documents
cited in sections 3 or 4 of this specification,
whether or not they are listed.
2.1
概述
.
该部分所列文件在标准的
3
或
4
部分做过说明。该部
分没有包括在本标准其
他部分所引用的文件或推荐的附加信息以及文中所举例子。为了尽
量满足该列表的完整性，
文件使用者被要求必须满足
3
、
4
部分所引用文件的一切要求，不管其是否出
现在列表中。
2.2 Government
documents.
2.2
政府文件
2.2.1.
Specifications and standards. The following
specifications and standards form
a
part of this document to the extent specified
herein. Unless otherwise specified, the
issues of these documents are those
cited in the solicitation or contract.
2.2.1
规范与标准。
以下规范和
标准形成该文件的扩展规范。
除非另行说明，
该文件的
条款将被引用在招标和合同文件中。
FEDERAL STANDARDS
联邦标准
FED-STD-141
- Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Materials:
Methods of
Inspection, Sampling and
Testing
FED-STD-141
–
油漆、清漆、漆器和相关材料：检测方法、采样和测试
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SPECIFICATIONS
国防部规范
MIL-
PRF-23377 - Primer Coatings: Epoxy, High-Solids
MIL-PRF-23377
–
底漆涂层：环氧树脂、高固体
MIL-DTL-81706 - Chemical Conversion
Materials for Coating Aluminum and
Aluminum Alloys
MIL-
DTL-81706
–
用于铝制品和铝合金的化学转换材料涂层
MIL-PRF-85582 - Primer Coatings: Epoxy,
Waterborne
MIL-PRF-85582
–
底漆涂层：环氧树脂、水性
(Copies of these documents are
available online at
/quicksearch or or
from the
Standardization Document Order
Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D,
Philadelphia,
PA 19111-5094.
这些文件的复印件可在网上获得，网址：
/quicksearch
< br>或
，
或通过从标准文件订单
获得，地址：费城，
4D
大厦，
700 Robbins
大街，
PA
19111-5094.)
2.3 Non-Government
publications. The following documents form a part
of this
document to the extent
specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the
issues of
these documents are those
cited in the solicitation or contract.
2.3
非政府出版物。以下规范和标准形成该文件的扩展规范
。除非另行说明，该文件
的条款将被引用在招标和合同文件中。
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND
MATERIALS (ASTM)
INTERNATIONAL
< br>美国国家测试与标准协会（
ASTM
）国际
ASTM-B117 - Salt Spray (Fog)
Apparatus, Operating. (DoD adopted)
ASTM-B117
–
盐雾设备，操
作（
DoD
采用）
ASTM-D3359 - Adhesion By Tape Test,
Measuring. (DoD adopted)
ASTM-D3359
–
胶带粘性测试，测试（
DoD
采用）
(Copies of these
documents are available from ASTM International,
100 Barr Harbor
Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or
该文件复印件可从
ASTM
国际协会获得，
地址：
100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken,
PA 19428-2959 or ).
MIL-DTL-5541F
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY (ASQ)
美国质量协会（
ASQ
）
ASQ-Z1.4 - Procedures, Sampling and
Tables for Inspection by
ASQ-Z1.4
–
程序、采样和列表的属性检测
(Copies of this document are available
from American Society for Quality, 600 North
Plankinton Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53203 or
.
该文件复印件可从
ASTM
国际协会获得，地址：
600
North Plankinton Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53203 or . )
SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS (SAE)
INTERNATIONAL
国际汽车工程师协会（
SAE<
/p>
）
SAE-AMS4027 -
Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate,
1.0Mg-0.60Si-0.28Cu- 0.20Cr,
(6061; -T6
Sheet, -T651 Plate) Solution and Precipitation
Heat Treated. (DoD adopted)
SAE-AMS4027
–
铝合金，
板材，
1.0Mg-0.60Si-0.28Cu- 0.20Cr, (6061; -T6
板
, -T651
板
)
，
热处理解决方法和沉淀。（
DoD
采纳）
SAE-
AMS4037 - Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate,
4.4Cu-1.5Mg-0.60Mn, (2024; -T3
Flat
Sheet; -T351 Plate) Solution Heat Treated. (DoD
adopted)
SAE-AMS4037
-
铝合金，板材，
4.4Cu-1.5Mg-0.60Mn,
(2024; -T3
扁才
; -T351
板
)
热处理解决方法。（
Do
D
采纳）
(Copies of
these documents are available from SAE
International, 400
Commonwealth Drive,
Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 or .
该文
件复印件可从国际汽车工程师协会获得，
地址：
40
0 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA
15096-0001 or .)
2.4 Order
of precedence. In the event of a conflict between
the text of this document
and the
references cited herein, the text of this document
takes precedence. Nothing in
this
document, however, supersedes applicable laws and
regulations unless a specific
exemption
has been obtained.
2.4
优先原则。
当该标准文本与引用文件发生冲突时，优先选择文本文件。但是，除
非有特殊说明，该文
件不得取代应用法律和规则。
3.
REQUIREMENTS
3.
要求
3.1 Materials.
If no material type is specified type I shall be
used. Unless otherwise
specified in the
contract or order, substitutions of either type I
for type II, or type II for type I
coatings are not permitted. The
materials used to produce a chemical conversion
coating
shall be approved for the
selected type, class, form, and
application method in accordance with
the qualification requirements of
MIL-
DTL-81706 and shall have been accepted for listing
on the applicable qualified
products
list (see 6.5). Replenishing chemicals, such as
fluorides, added to a bath to
maintain
its efficiency, shall not degrade the performance
of the coating being applied.
3.1
材料。除非在合同和订单中另行规定，当没有相对应型号
I
的材料可以被使用
时，不允许采用型号
II
代替型号
I
的材料或型
号
I
的材料代替型号
II
。根据
MIL-DTL-81706
的要求以及应用高质量产品列表（见
6.5
）中的规
定，对于产
生化学防腐涂层的材料必须在选型、级别、形状及
应用方法等方面得到许可。对于化
学添加剂，
如为了保持生产效
率的添加物
——
氟化物，
不得在涂层被
产生时降低涂层的生成
级别。
3.2
Cleaning. Prior to coating, the base metal shall
be mechanically or chemically
cleaned
such that a water break-free surface is obtained
after rinsing (see 6.6). Abrasives
containing iron such as steel wool,
iron oxide, rouge, or steel wire are prohibited
for all
cleaning operations. Treated
parts that have become soiled shall be cleaned
with
materials that will remove the
soil without damaging the base metal, the part, or
the
conversion coating. If the coating
is damaged, the damaged area shall be recleaned
and
recoated or the part shall be
rejected.
3.2
清洁。在产生涂层前，基层金属
应该进行机械或化学清理，这样在漂洗后可在金
属表面形成均匀水覆盖层（见
6.6
）。含有铁元素的摩擦物，如钢丝绒布、铁氧体、糙布以
及钢丝刷禁止用在清洁过程中。
当清理附着有泥土的部分时，
不允许在清理过程中对基层金
属或防腐涂层造成损伤。
如果涂层被损伤，
损害部分应当重新清洁并再次上涂层，
否则
产品
将被拒收。
3.3
Application. Unless an application method is
specified in the contract or order
(see
6.4), the chemical conversion coating shall be
applied nonelectrolytically by
spray,
brush, or immersion after all heat treatments and
mechanical operations such
as forming,
perforating, machining, brazing, and welding have
been completed (see 6.11
and 6.14).
Assemblies containing nonaluminum parts that may
be attacked, embrittled, or
damaged in
any way by the conversion coating process shall
not be coated as assemblies
unless the
nonaluminum parts are masked.
3.3
应用。除非在合同或订单中另行规定应用方法（见
6.4
< br>），在所有热处理以及机加
工操作（成型、射孔、机加工、打磨和焊接）完成之后
（见
6.11
和
6.14
），化学防腐涂层
应当被应用在由于喷雾、
浸泡和涂
刷时的非电解状态下。
装配时，
包含非铝制品部件的部分
（可能会在防腐涂层产生过程中受到冲击、
脆化或损坏）
不应当被上涂层
（除非该部分要求
被覆盖）。
3.4 Touch-up. If specified in
the contract or order, mechanically damaged areas
from
which the coating has been removed
shall be touched up or rejected. The damaged areas
shall be touched up with MIL-DTL-81706
material approved on QPL-81706 for the
applicable type, class, form, and
method. The area to be touched up shall be not
greater
than 5 percent of the total
item surface area (see 6.4 and 6.17).
3.4
修补。如果在合同和订单中有规定，由于机械损伤而产
生的涂层损坏部分应当被
修补否则将被拒收。损坏部分的修补参见
MIL-DTL-81706
材料许可
QPL-81706
应用型号、
形状和方法。
修补面积不得超过单个产品总表面积的
5%
。
（见
6.4
和
6.1
7
）
3.5
Appearance. The chemical conversion coating shall
be continuous in
appearance and visibly
discernible in daylight. It shall be free from
areas of powdery or
loose coating,
voids, scratches, flaws, and other defects or
damages which reduce the
serviceability
of parts or are detrimental to the protective
value and paint bonding
characteristics. The size and number of
contact marks shall be minimal, consistent
with good practice. If specified in the
contract or order, contact marks shall betouched
up
with MIL-DTL-81706 material approved
on QPL-81706 for the applicable type, class, form,
and method to prevent localized
corrosion (see 6.4 and 6.8).
3.5
外观。化学防腐涂层应当在日光下保持完整性和清晰性。任何可能会损坏部件实
用性或降低防腐水平以及油漆表面性能的缺陷，如粉末化、漏涂、
擦刮、
裂痕以及空泡都不
允许发生。
合同标识的尺寸以及数
字应当最小化，
保持最佳实用性。
如在合同以及订单中有
规定，合同标识应根据
MIL-DTL-81706
< br>材料许可
QPL-81706
应用型号、形状和方法来进
行润色。
3.6
Performance characteristics.
3.6
性能特点
3.6.1
Corrosion resistance. At the end of 168 hours of
exposure to the 5 percent salt
spray
test specified in 4.4.1, test specimens (see
4.2.2) treated with the applicable
class of coating shall meet the
following corrosion resistance requirements (see
6.14):
3.6.1
防腐性能
。根据
4.4.1
测试规定，经过
16
8
小时暴露在
5%
的盐雾喷射实验后，
涂层应用级别处理的测试样本（见
4.2.2
< br>）应当满足一下防腐性能要求（见
6.14
）：
a. No more than 5 isolated
spots or pits (see 6.9), none larger than 0.031
inch in
diameter, per test specimen.
Areas within 0.25 inch from the edges,
identification
markings, and holding
points during processing or salt spray exposure
shall be excluded.
Loss of color shall
not be cause for rejection.
a.
每个测试样本那个有超过
5
个绝缘点或坑（见
6.9
），每个直径不超过
0.031
英寸。
从边缘开始的
0.25
英寸范围之内，
在涂层处理或暴露于盐雾中时应避开识别标志、
抓握点。
失色不应成为拒收理由。
b. No more than 15 isolated spots or
pits, none larger than 0.031 inch in diameter, on
the combined surface area of all five
test specimens, subjected to the salt spray test.
b.
所
有
5
个
测试样本（盐雾试验）总体表面不得超过
15
个独立点坑，每个
直径不得超过
0.031
英寸。
3.6.2 Paint adhesion (wet tape). When
the production paint system (6.13) or the
paint system specified in 4.2.2.1.1 is
applied to the applicable test specimens (see
4.2.2),
no intercoat separation shall
occur between the paint system and the conversion
coating,
or between the conversion
coating and the base metal, when tested in
accordance with
4.4.2 (an adhesion
rating of 4A or better according to ASTM-D3359
Procedure A)
(see 6.12). If the
conversion coated parts do not require painting
for end use, the paint
adhesion test
may be omitted if specifically authorized by the
acquisition activity (see
6.4).
3.6.2
油漆附着性能（湿性胶带）。当产品油漆系统（<
/p>
6.13
）或
4.2.2.1.1
规定的油漆
系统应用在测试样本中时（见
4.
2.2
），根据
4A
中
4.4.2
（附着率）或根据
ASTM-D3359
程序
A
（见<
/p>
6.12
），在油漆系统和防腐涂层之间，或者防腐涂层和基层<
/p>
金属之间不应产生中间涂层间隔。如果防腐涂层部分没有在最后被要求喷
< br>
漆。则在采集性活动中经过官方许可，附着性测试可被省略（见
6.4
）。
3.7
Electrical contact resistance of class 3 coatings.
Electrical contact resistance
testing
shall be as specified in the contract or order
(see 6.4). The test method, frequency
of testing, and required resistance
values shall be specified by the acquisition
activity to
meet the needs of a
particular application (see 6.1.2.1).
3.7
涂层级别
3
< br>的接触电阻性能。在合同或订单中应当规定接触电阻性能测试（见
6.4
）。在采购活动中应规定测试方法、测试频率和电阻性能要求，以满足
特殊应用的
需求（见
6.1.2.1
）
3.8 Chemical analysis of
the conversion solution. Chemical analysis of the
conversion solution shall consist of
concentration, pH, and temperature evaluations to
determine that the bath is within the
ranges specified by the chemical manufacturer (see
6.11).
3.8
转换方案的化学
分析。转换方案的化学分析应包括浓度、
PH
值、温度评测以决
定
电解槽是在化学制造商规定范围之内（见
6.11
）。
3.9 Workmanship.
The chemical conversion coatings covered by this
specification
shall be produced by
treatments and processes that produce coated
components as
specified in this
specification.
3.9
工艺。该标准所涉及
的化学转化涂层应当是在处理过程中产生，因此生成的涂层
材料符合本规范的规定。
4. VERIFICATION
验证
4.1
Classification of inspections. The inspection
requirements specified herein are
classified as follows:
4.1
检测分级。对本标准的检测分级要求如下所示：
a. Process control inspection (see
4.2).
过程控制检测（见
4.2
）
b. Conformance inspection
(see 4.3).
一致性检测（见
4.3
）
4.2 Process control
inspection.
4.2
过程控制检测
4.2.1
Process control tests and solution analysis. Test
specimens shall be tested in
accordance
with table I and 4.2.1.1. In addition to the tests
in table I, solution
analysis shall be
performed on all the processing solutions in the
chemical
conversion line (see 3.8) to
verify that the chemical concentrations are within
ranges
established for optimum
performance (see 6.11 and 6.14). Process
control tests are conducted to
determine compliance of the chemical
conversion coatings with the
requirements of this specification and are
acceptable as evidence of the
properties being obtained with the equipment and
procedures employed.
4.2.1 <
/p>
过程控制测试与解决方案分析。测试样本应以表
I
和
4.2.1.1
节为标准进行测
试。除了表
I
的测试，在所有化
学转化列表中（见
3.8
）都要求对解决方案进行分析，
以验证化学浓度在给出的最佳完成效果范围之内（见
6.11
和
6.14
）。过程
控制测试的目的，是确定化学转化涂层与本规范要求以及在使用设备和
程序过程中所获得
的特性证据接受度的一致性。
TABLE I.
Process control tests.
表
I
过程控制测试
4.2.1.1 Frequency of process control
testing and solution analysis. Solution analysis
shall at a minimum be performed once
every week (see 6.15). The process control tests
specified in table I shall at a minimum
be conducted on a monthly basis. In addition, the
interval between each monthly test
shall not exceed 35 days. If
production
in accordance with this specification is not
performed for 35 days or more,
process
control tests and solution analysis shall be
conducted at the restart of production.
4.2.1.1
过程控制测试与解决方案分析频率。解决方案分析至少一周一次（见<
/p>
6.15
）。根据表
< br>I
规定，过程控制测试周期要求至少以单月为基础。此外，每个月之间
的间隔不得超过
35
天。如果生产中没有按照此要
求完成，或超过
35
天完成，则过程控制
测试和解决方案分析需要重新进行。
4.2.2
Process control test specimens. Test specimens
used for process control
testing shall
be 3 inches wide, 10 inches long, with a nominal
thickness of not less than
0.020-inch.
The test specimens shall be processed with the
hardware during an
actual production
run, including all pre- and post-treatment
processes such as cleaning
andrinsing,
except as specified below. Unless otherwise
specified in the contract or order
(see
6.4), either of the following alloy options for
the process control test specimens shall
be used:
4.2.2
过程
控制测试样本。过程控制测试样本尺寸要求
3
英寸宽、
10
英寸长、平均厚
度不得超过
0.020
英寸。
在对样本的测试过程当中，
应当完全按照实际生产过程中的程序来
进行，
包
括所有预处理和后期处理，
如清洁和漂洗，如下文规定。
除非在
合同和订单中另行
规定（见
6.4
），
以下在过程控制测试样本的合金材料操作应使用：
Option 1 - A set of test specimens
shall be used for each alloy and temper treated
during the monthly process control
period.
操作
1 -
每月处理控制期间的用于回火处理和每种合金的一套测试样本。
Option 2 - The test specimens shall be
2024-T3 aluminum alloy in accordance with
SAE-AMS4037 for class 1A coatings and
6061-T6 aluminum alloy test specimens in
accordance with SAE-AMS4027 for class 3
coatings. Aluminum alloy 2024-T3 test
specimens may be used in lieu of
6061-T6 test specimens for testing class 3
coatings
(see 6.10). When castings are
being processed and the cleaning procedures used
are
detrimental to the wrought test
specimens, the test specimens shall be cleaned in
a
proper manner (see 3.2) and the
conversion coated with the castings. If the
production
parts are not 2024-T3
aluminum alloy and the etch or deoxidizer may be
detrimental to the
test specimens, the
manufacturer’s recommended cleaning practices
shall be used.
操作
2 -
根据
SAE-AMS4.37
（适用于
级别
1A
涂层和
6.61-T6
铝合金测试样本）以及
SAE-
AMS4027
（铝合金测试样本级别
3
涂层），测试样本应为
2.24-T3
铝合金。
2.24-T3
铝合金测试样本可以应用在级别
3
涂层
6.61-T6
测试样本
（见
6.10
）
环境下。
当处理的铸件和应用的清洁流程对锻造测试样本产生有害效
果时，
应对测试样本采用适当的
情节方法（见
< br>3.2
）并对逐渐进行转化涂层。如果测试样本不是
2.
24-T3
铝合金测试样本，
并且蚀刻或脱氧剂可能会对样本造
成损害时，应使用制造商推荐的清洁方法。
4.2.2.1
Preparation of paint adhesion specimens. Unless
otherwise specified on the
contract or
order (see 6.4), the paint system to be used on
the test specimens for
adhesion testing
(see 4.4.2 and 6.13) shall be the same system used
for the
production work (applied and
cured in the same manner as the production work)
or the
paint system specified in
4.2.2.1.1.
4.2.2.1
样本涂料附着力准备
。除非合同或订单中另行规定（见
6.4
），油漆系统中测
试样本的额附着性能测试（见
4.4.2
和
6.13
）应与生产中使用（生产应用同种方法）同一种
系统，或依照
4.2.2.1.1
规定的油漆
系统来完成。
4.2.2.1.1 Epoxy
primer coatings. Test specimens shall be furnished
with one coat of
a volatile organic
compound (VOC) compliant epoxy-polymide primer
conforming to
MIL-PRF-23377 or MIL-
PRF-85582. In either case, the primer shall be
applied to a dry
film thickness of
0.0006 to 0.0009 inch (0.6 to 0.9 mil) and dried
in accordancewith the
applicable primer
specification before testing in accordance with
4.4.2.
4.2.2.1.1
环氧底漆涂层。要求符合
MIL-PRF-23377
或
MIL-PRF-85582
，测试样本
应当涂上挥发性有机化合物（
V
OC
）环氧聚酰亚胺底漆涂层。或者在另一种情况下，根据
4.
4.2
在测试前，依照应用底漆干燥规定，干燥底漆厚度在
0.
0006
到
0.0009
英寸之间。<
/p>
4.2.3 Failure. Failure to
conform to any of the process control requirements
specified
in table I shall result in
immediate cessation of production. The reason for
failure shall be
determined and
corrected before production resumes. All traceable
and retrievable work
from the last
acceptable process control test to the time when
the failure was determined
shall be
rejected, unless the work under review can be
demonstrated to meet the
requirements
of this specification. Unless otherwise specified,
parts that have been
painted or
incorporated into an assembly shall not be
considered retrievable.
4.2.3
失败。表
I
中规定的任何一种过程控制要求中的失败都将导
致生产的立刻中止。
失败的原因应在生产开始前就得到确定和纠正。
除非在生产审核中工件显示符合标准规定的
要求，
从最后可
接受过程控制测试到缺陷被确认时为止，
所有可追溯和可回收工件应当被拒
绝。除非另行规定，已油漆的部件或装配进的部件不应当被考虑可回收。
4.3 Conformance inspection.
4.3
一致性检测
4.3.1 Sampling. Samples for visual
examinations shall be selected from each lot (see
4.3.2) of treated articles, items,
parts, or components. Unless otherwise specified
in
the contract or order (see 6.4 and
6.18), the sampling plan and acceptance criteria
shall
be as specified in ASQ-Z1.4,
inspection level II.