-
广州市
2020
届高三年级阶段训练题
英语试题
注意事项：
1.
< br>答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用
2B
铅
笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号及试卷类型（
B
）。因听力另考，试卷从第二部分的
“
阅读
理解
”
开始，试题序号从
“21”
开始。
2.
回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用
铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案信息点涂黑。如需改
动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案
。写在本试卷上无效。
3.
回答非
选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内
的相应
位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
写
在本试卷上无效。
4.
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分
阅读理解
(
共两节，满分
40
分
)
第一节
(
共
15
小题；每小题
2
分，满分
30
分
)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
和
D
四个
选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将
该项涂黑。
A
Mama and I spend mornings
cleaning up the dirt that blows into our house.
Mama says all the dust is due
to the
drought. The dirt sifts into everything. It covers
our clothes. We have to wash the dishes before
each
meal. We rarely drive the truck
because Papa fears the dust from the road will
ruin the motor.
When my sister, Faye,
and I walk to school, we wear kerchiefs over our
mouths so we don’t breathe in
the dirt.
On days when the air is so bad that they close the
school, we stay home and help Mama put wet
sheets over the windows. But the dirt
always finds a way in.
Last Sunday,
there was no dirt in the air, only bright spring
sunshine and a clear blue sky. After lunch,
Papa headed out to the field to check
on the cattle while I played with Faye in the
yard. The temperature
suddenly dropped.
I looked to the west and saw a huge black cloud of
dust.
All the birds flew away. “I must
warn Papa,” I thought to myself. To avoid her
panicking, I gently told
Faye to go
back inside where she would be safe, and then
headed off to the field.
The storm hit
so fast, and in an instant the day turned into
night. By the time I entered the cow field the
fine sand was whipping across my face.
I screamed for Papa, hoping my voice would lead
him back.
The dirt and sand stung my
skin like a thousand bees. Although I was
terrified, I refused to turn back. My
dad was stranded and needed my help.
Covering my face with one hand, I groped my way
toward the truck
and opened the door.
First I tried
turning the truck’s
lights on and off, hoping that Papa would see them
flashing, but the sandstorm let no
light escape. Then I pushed the horn again and
again, so Papa would hear it.
I pushed
until I had no more strength in my arms.
Suddenly, Papa’s face
a
ppeared at the window. My heart leaped
with surprise and relief. He opened the
door and climbed onto the seat next to
me. He then pulled me into his arms and said, “Oh,
Iris, you saved me!”
Finally, the wind subsided and the dust
began to settle. Dirt was piled up to the window
on one side of
the truck and halfway up
the door on the other. Papa kicked against the
door, opening it far enough to let us
out.
Sand and soil drifts
were everywhere, but we were safe.
1.
What is the main function of the first
two paragraphs?
A.
It
describes a problem the characters must solve.
B.
It establishes the
setting where the story takes place.
C.
It introduces the characters that will
follow in the story.
D.
It
explains the motivations for the characters’ later
actions.
2.
Why
did Papa go to the field that Sunday?
A.
He was trying to get to
his truck.
B.
He needed to
prepare the field for harvest.
C.
He wanted to make sure the animals were
fine.
D.
He planned to bring
in the cattle before the storm.
3.
How did Iris save her father?
A.
By warning him to run
away.
C.
By
guiding him towards the shelter.
B.
By turning on the truck’s
lights.
D.
By
screaming his name at the top of her voice.
4.
Which of the following
words best describe Iris?
A.
Brave and calm.
C.
Adventurous and
careful.
【答案】
1. B
2. C 3. A 4. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了上周日，
Iris
一家突然遭遇了沙尘暴，而
Iris
的爸爸去田里看家
畜
还没能回来，
Iris
急忙呼喊爸爸
回家，又一遍遍地按汽车喇叭好让父亲听到。最终父亲平安找到了车，
一家人躲过了沙尘
暴。
【
1
题详解】
推理判断题。根据前两段的内容主要描述了
Iris
一家住在风沙很大的地方，每天不得不用头巾蒙住嘴，
才不会吸入灰尘，在
空气很糟糕的日子里，学校会关闭，他们呆在家里帮妈妈把湿床单盖在窗户上。
为后文沙
尘暴的发生介绍背景，由此可推知，前两段的主要功能是交待故事发生的背景。故选
B<
/p>
。
【
2
题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中
After lunch,
Papa headed out to the field to check on the
cattle while I played
with Faye in the
yard.
可知，午饭后，我和
Faye
在院子里玩耍，爸爸去田野里看家畜。由此可知，那个
星期天爸爸到田里去想确保家畜
们安然无恙。故选
C
。
【
3
题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中
Then I pushed
the horn again and again, so Papa would hear it. I
pushed
until I had no more strength in
my arms.
可知，然后我一遍又一遍地按喇叭，好让爸爸听到。我一直按，
直到我的胳膊没有力气了。由此可知，
Iris
通过卡车喇叭警示父亲有沙尘暴即将来临，赶紧逃离。故
选
A
。
4
题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了上周日，
Iris
一家突然遭
遇了沙尘暴，而
Iris
的爸爸去田里看家畜
< br>还没能回来，
Iris
急忙呼喊爸爸回家，又一遍遍地按
汽车喇叭好让父亲听到。最终父亲平安找到了车，
一家人躲过了沙尘暴。由此可以推断，
Iris
是机智并且冷静的孩子。故选
A
。
B.
Experienced and confident.
D.
Fearless and sympathetic
B
5.
What is true about the Milky Way?
A.
There are only stars
inside it.
B.
There is a
black hole at its center.
C.
It’s the biggest spiral galaxy in the
universe.
D.
It
takes 100,000 years to get there from Earth.
6.
Which of the following is
the main factor in categorizing galaxies?
A.
Shape.
C.
Number of
stars.
B.
Size.
D.
Distance from the sun.
7.
Which of the following
galaxies can be classified as irregular?
A.
Whale Galaxy
—
similar to the Milky Way
both in size and shape.
B.
Cygnus A (3C 405) Galaxy
—
the brightest egg shape we
can observe.
C.
Cigar Galaxy
—
long and narrow galaxy
that looks like an ashy cloud.
D.
Sunflower Galaxy
—
galaxy with multiple arms
radiating from its bright core.
【答案】
5. B 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要
介绍了一些宇宙中星系的情况，如螺旋星系、椭圆星系和不规则星系等。
【
5
题详解】
细节理解题。根据
SPIRAL
GALAXY
部分中
Our galaxy has a
huge black hole at its center that billions of
stars revolve around.
可知，我们的星
系中心有一个巨大的黑洞，数十亿颗恒星围绕着它旋转。由此可
知，银河系中间有一个巨
大的黑洞。故选
B
。
【
6
题详解】
细节理解题。根据
IRREGULAR
GALAXY
部分中
There are many
other shapes of galaxies that aren’t
spiral or elliptical. They all fit into
irregular category.
可知，不规则的星系部分中还有许多其他星系
的形
状不是螺旋或椭圆。它们都属于不规则的类别。由此可知，星系主要是根据形状来进
行分类。故选
A
。
【
7
题详解】
推理判断题。根据
IRREGULAR
GALAXY
部分中
There are many
other shapes of galaxies that aren’t
spiral or elliptical. They all fit into
irregular category.
可知，不规则的星系部分中还有许多其他星系
的形
状不是螺旋或椭圆。它们都属于不规则的类别。结合选项可推知，狭长的，看起来像
一片灰蒙蒙的云
的雪茄星系可以被归类为不规则星系。故选
C<
/p>
。
【点睛】
直接信息题
对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅
速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细
微区别，
在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。如第一小题，根据
SPIRAL GALAXY
部分中
Our
galaxy has a huge black hole at its
center that billions of stars revolve around.
可知，我们的星系中心有一个
巨大的黑洞，数十亿颗恒星围绕着它旋转。由
此可知，银河系中间有一个巨大的黑洞。故选
B
。
C
The Silk Road is
arguably the most famous long-distance trade route
of the ancient world. This passage
connected Europe in the West with China
in the East, and allowed the exchange of goods,
technology, and
ideas between the two
civilizations. Although merchants could make huge
profits travelling the road, it was
not
without risk.
The main Silk Road
started in Chang’an (known today as Xi’an), the
early Han capital. Travelers
commenc
ing their journey
from this city could take a northern route that
would take them across China’s
northwestern provinces. After this,
they would face the Gobi Desert, arguably the
greatest danger of the Silk
Road.
The Gobi Desert, the largest desert in
Asia, consists mainly of rocky, hard earth. This
feature made it
easier for traders to
travel across, compared to sandy deserts like the
neighboring Taklamakan Desert. Like
other deserts, the Gobi Desert is dry
and hot, and therefore the biggest challenge
travelers faced was obtaining
enough
water for themselves as well as for their camels.
So, rest stops were created along the
route, allowing travelers to rest, eat and drink.
These places also
promoted the
exchange of goods, and even ideas, amongst the
travelers who stopped there. Usually, the rest
stops were placed within a day’s
journey of each other. In this way, travelers
could avoid spending too much
time in
the desert, which would make them targets for
robbers, another danger of the Silk Road.
Once through the Gobi Desert, travelers
would continue their journey into Iran, Turkey,
and finally
Europe. Whilst this part of
the journey may have been less dangerous, it is
not entirely without its perils.
8.
The underlined word “it” in the first
paragraph refe
rs to _____.
A.
making huge
profits
C.
exchanging goods and ideas
B.
traveling the Silk Road
D.
connecting different
civilizations
9.
Why was the
Gobi Desert easier to cross than other deserts?
A.
The desert’s surface was
easier to walk on.
B.
Camels for transportation were easier
to find.
C.
It was smaller
and could be crossed in less time.
D.
There were more natural water sources
available.
10.
What can we
guess about the rest stops in the Gobi Desert?
A.
Travelers were offered
free accommodation.
B.
They
were located around the edges of the desert.
C.
Travelers staying there
were often attacked by criminals.
D.
They were shared by travelers from
different countries.
11.
What is the passage mainly about?
A.
The origins of the Silk
Road.
B.
The benefits of the
Silk Road.
C.
The
difficulties faced by Silk Road travelers.
D.
The cultural exchanges
among Silk Road travelers.
【答案】
8. B 9. A 10. D
11. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。尽管穿越
丝绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。文章主要说
明了丝绸之路危
险重重，丝绸之路商人面临的两大挑战一是沿途地理环境恶劣，二是路途可能遭遇的
歹徒
抢劫。
【
8
题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上文
Although merchants
could make huge profits travelling the road
可知，尽管穿越丝
绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。根
据该句表达的含义可推断出
it
指“穿越
丝绸之路”。故选
B
。
【
9
题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中
The Gobi Desert,
the largest desert in Asia, consists mainly of
rocky, hard earth.
This feature made it
easier for traders to travel across, compared to
sandy deserts like the neighboring
Taklamakan Desert.
可知，戈壁沙漠是亚洲
最大的沙漠，主要由坚硬的岩石构成。与邻近的塔克拉玛干
沙漠等沙质沙漠相比，这一特
点使商人更容易穿越。由此可知，戈壁沙漠之所以比其他沙漠容易穿越，
是因为戈壁沙漠
地表主要是坚硬的岩石，比较容易走。故选
A
。
【
10
题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中
So,
rest stops were created along the route, allowing
travelers to rest, eat
and drink. These
places also promoted the exchange of goods, and
even ideas, amongst the travelers who
stopped there.
可知，因此，沿途设立了休息站
，让旅客休息、吃饭和喝水。这些地方也促进了停留在
那里的旅客之间的货物甚至思想的
交流。由此推知，丝绸之路沿途驿站是世界各国旅行者共享的。故
选
D
。
【
11
题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一段
Although
merchants could make huge profits travelling the
road, it was
not without risk.
可知，尽管穿越丝绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。结合文
章主要说明了丝绸之路危险重重，丝绸之路商人面临的两大挑战一是沿途地理环境恶劣，二是路途可
能遭遇的歹徒抢劫。故选
C
。
【点睛】
代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断
画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代
的对象，包括考查
it
(
指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人
)
< br>，
they/them(
指代人、物、事件的复数
名词
)
，
he/sh
e
等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词
this
，
that
，
these<
/p>
，
those
等在文章中的指代意义，<
/p>
考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅
读画线词
所在句和前后临近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去
脉和前后的因果关系，
从而准确推断其指代的对象。如第一小题，根据上文
Although merchants could make huge profits
travelling the road
可知，尽管穿越丝绸
之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。根据
该句表达的含义可知推断出
it
指“穿越丝绸之路”。故选
B
。
D
Let’s begin with the story: King Hiero
contracts the ancient Greek polymath Archimedes
(
阿基米德
) to
detect
fraud in the manufacture of a golden crown.
Archimedes accepts the challenge and, during a
subsequent
trip to the public baths,
realizes that the more his body sinks into the
water, the more water is displaced
—
making the
displaced water an exact measure of his volume.
Realizing he has hit upon a
m
ethod to determine whether the King’s
crown was made of gold or silver,
the
young Greek leaps out of the bath and rushes home
naked crying “Eureka! Eureka!” Or, translated:
“I’ve
found it! I’ve found
it!”
Too bad, however,
Archimedes probably never uttered the phrase in
that way.
First and foremost,
Archimedes himself never wrote about this episode,
although he spent plenty of time
detailing the laws of buoyancy
(
浮力
). The oldest authority
for the naked-Archimedes eureka story is
Vitruvius, a Roman writer, who included
the tale in his introduction to his ninth book of
architecture.
“Vitruvius may have
gotten it wrong,” says Chris Schmitt, a
mathematician at the University of Berlin and a
self-
described Archimedes
fan. “The method attributed to Archimedes in
t
he story works in theory so it
sounds right, but when you actually try
it, you find that the real world gets in the
way.”
In fact, Schmitt is
one of a long line of scientists, including
Galileo, who have read the account and
thought, “That can’t be
right.”
As Galileo wrote, Archimedes
could have achieved a far more precise result
using his own law of buoyancy and an
accurate scale. In fact, the surface tension of
water can make the
volume of a light
object like a crown immeasurable. “There may be
some truth
to it,” Schmitt
adds.
“Archimedes did measure the
volume of things but the eureka moment was maybe
due to his original
discovery
concerning buoyance, not to sitting in the bathtub
and then running through the streets
naked.”
Much like Newton’s
apple, the
exclamation persists because
of the enduring power of the story: a golden
crown, a life in the balance, a naked
mathematician. The suspect foundations of the
eureka moment take
nothing away from
the word’s ability to uniquely and concisely
convey the flash
of inspiration.
12.
According to the first
paragraph, how would Archimedes measure the volume
of the crown?
A.
He would
weigh himself with and without the crown.
B.
He would weigh the crown
first and then put it into water.
C.
He would go to the public baths wearing
the crown on his head.
D.
He
would sink the crown into water and measure the
water displaced.
13.
What
did Galileo probably think of the naked-Archimedes
eureka story?
A.
He believed
the word “eureka” was said in another
situation.
B.
He
suspec
ted Archimedes didn’t run through
the street naked.
C.
He doubted Archimedes carried out the
experiment independently.
D.
He thought Archimedes would not have
used the method described.
14.
What can be inferred from the
underlined sentence in the last paragraph?
A.
The word “eureka” is
still widely used today.
B.
The word “eureka” is now a formal
scientific term.
C.
Most people accept the authenticity of
the original story.
D.
People are still inspired by the
achievements of Archimedes.
15.
What is the purpose of this text?
A.
To introduce the famous
scientist Archimedes.
B.
To
examine the credibility of the eureka story.
C.
To explain how the word
“eureka” was created.
D.
To urge people not to use the word
“eureka” anymore.
【答案】
12. D 13. D 14. A
15. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明
文。文章主要为论证阿基米德灵感迸发故事的可信度，文章从不同的角度来说明这个故
事
不一定是真的。而故事的可疑性，并不影响“
eureka
”一
词独特而简明地表达灵感闪现的能力。
【
12
题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中
Archimedes
accepts the challenge and, during a subsequent
trip to the public
baths, realizes that
the more his body sinks into the water, the more
water is displaced
—
making
the
displaced water an exact measure of
his volume.
可知，阿基米德接受了挑战，在随后的一次公共浴室之
行中，他意识到，他的身体越往水里沉，排出的水就越多——这使得排出的水成为他身体体积的精
确
量度。由此可推知，阿基米德会将王冠沉入水中，再测排出的水的重量来测量皇冠的重
量。故选
D
。
【
13
题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中
As Galileo
wrote, Archimedes could have achieved a far more
precise
result using his own law of
buoyancy and an accurate scale.
可知，正如伽利略
所写的，阿基米德本可以利
用他自己的浮力定律和精确的比例尺得到更精确的结果。由此
可知，伽利略认为阿基米德不会使用所
描述的方法。故选
D
。
【
14
题详解】
推理判断题。根据上文
Much like Newton’s
apple, the exclamation persists because of
the enduring power
of the
story: a golden crown, a life in the balance, a
naked mathematician.
可知，就像牛顿的苹果一样，这
个感叹词之所以能持续存在，是因为这个故事有一种经久不衰的力量：一顶金色的王冠，一个生命的
平衡，一个赤身裸体的数学家。由此从最后一段带下划线的句子中可以推断出“
eureka
”这个词至今
仍被广泛使用。故选
A
。
【
15
题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段
Too bad, however,
Archimedes probably never uttered the phrase in
that way.
可
知，可惜的是，阿基米德可能从来没有这
样说过。以及最后一段中
The suspect foundations of
the
eureka moment take nothing away
from the word’s ability to uniquely and concisely
convey the flash of
inspiration.
可知，“
eureka
”一词的可疑基础，丝毫不影响
这个词独特而简明地表达灵感闪现的能力。
结合文章主要内容为论证历史上阿基米德灵感
迸发故事的可信度。由此可知，本文的目的是来检验
eureka
故事的可信度。故选
B
。
第二节
(
共
5
小题
;
每小题
2
分，满分
10
分
)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选
项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Leonardo da Vinci and Nature
In the modern world, art and science
are two very separate activities, but in
Leonardo’s time they were
closely
connected. Science meant mathematics and medical
studies.
___16___
Mathematics included practical
work
like surveying land for making maps as well as
measuring the movements of the stars in the sky.
An
artist might need to measure the
different parts of the body. He could also use
mathematics to place things in
relationship to each other in a drawing
or painting so the scene looked correct.
___17___
Mathematics was also connected to music
because musical sounds have a fixed relationship
with each
other that can be described
in numbers.
___18___
More
than this, though, Leonardo believed that numbers
were a part of all things in the world,
including
music, and he said that
“without them nothing can be done.”
“Nature has kindly given us things
everywhere to copy,” wrote Leonardo. In all his
activities, Leonardo
was trying to
discover the rules that control nature. In his
search for those rules, he looked very carefully
at a
lot of examples and details.
Actual experience was more important to him than
opinion, and he worked from
facts to
ideas.
___19___
His purpose
was to examine the world so he could copy it in
beautiful paintings and
sculptures. He
also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of
nature.
___20___
His quick
little sketches (
素描
), often
done while wandering outside, helped him to catch
a
movement or a shape. More careful
drawings would be done at a desk with a pen and
ruler. In July 2001, a
small drawing by
Leonardo was sold for $$12 million. It was the most
expensive drawing in the world.
A.
Leonardo was always drawing.
B.
How could these be
connected with art?
C.
Leonardo’s ideas were vastly ahead of
his time.
D.
Mathematicians and doctors worked to
discover the unknown.
E.
Above all, Leonardo wanted to
understand how and why things worked.
F.
You will see a good
example of such positioning in the painting of The
Last Supper.
G.
Leonardo
himself was a very good musician and liked to play
an instrument and sing.
【答案】
16. B 17. F 18. G
19. C 20. A
【解析】
< br>这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在现代世界，艺术和科学是两个非常独立的活动，但在达芬奇的时
代，它们是紧密联系在一起的。文章主要介绍了
Leonardo
da Vinci
对音乐和思想的方面的见解。
【
16
题详解】
根据上文
In the modern world, art
and science are two very separate activities,
but in Leonardo’s time they
were closely connected. Science meant
mathematics and medical studies.
可知，在现代世
界，艺术和科学
是两个非常独立的活动，但在达芬奇的时代，它们是紧密联系在一起的。
科学意味着数学和医学研究。
由此可知，此处应是提出疑问——科学与艺术有什么联系。
故
B
选项“这些与艺术有什么联系呢？”
符合上下文语境。故选
B
。
【
17
题详解】
根据上文
He could also use
mathematics to place things in relationship to
each other in a drawing or painting
so
the scene looked correct.
可知，他还可以用数学来把事物
之间的关系画在一幅画或油画中，使场景看
起来是正确的。由此可知，本句应当承接上文
说明他的哪一副作品体现了这种用数学来联系事物之间
的关系。故
F
选项“你会在《最后的晚餐》这幅画中看到这种定位的一个很好的例子”符合上下文
语
境。故选
F
。
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