英语诗歌的类别

通常是小笑话甚至是胡诌，

一般没有标题也无作者姓名，

含有幽默讽刺

性，常运用双关，内韵等手法。每首诗五个诗行，押韵为

aabba

，格律以抑

扬格和抑抑扬格为主。< /p>

1) There was a young lady of Nigger

Who smiled as she rode on a tiger;

They returned from the ride

With the lady inside,

And the smile on the face of the tiger.

2) A tutor who taught on the flute

Tried to teach two tooters to toot,

“

Is it harder to toot, or

Said the two to the tutor,

To tutor two tooters to toot?”

3

< br>、素体诗

(

无韵体诗

)

（

Blank Verse

）

五音步抑扬格，不押韵诗体。

the unrhymed iambic pentameter line

William Wordsworth: There Was a Boy

There was a Boy; ye knew him well, ye cliffs

And islands of Winander! many a time,

At evening, when the earliest stars began

To move along the edges of the hills,

Rising or setting, would he stand alone,

Beneath the trees, or by the glimmering lake;

And there, with fingers interwoven, both hands

Pressed closely palm to palm and to his mouth

Uplifted, he, as through an instrument,

Blew mimic hootings to the silent owls

1

That they might answer him.

—

And they would shout

Across the watery vale, and shout again,

Responsive to his call,

—

with quivering peals,

And long halloos, and screams, and echoes loud

Redoubled and redoubled; concourse wild

Of jocund din! And, when there came a pause

Of silence such as baffled his best skill:

Then, sometimes, in that silence, while he hung

Listening, a gentle shock of mild surprise

Has carried far into his heart the voice

Of mountain-torrents; or the visible scene

Would enter unawares into his mind

With all its solemn imagery, its rocks,

Its woods, and that uncertain heaven received

Into the bosom of the steady lake.

This boy was taken from his mates, and died

In childhood, ere he was full twelve years old.

Pre-eminent in beauty is the vale

Where he was born and bred: the churchyard hangs

Upon a slope above the village-school;

And through that churchyard when my way has led

On summer-evenings, I believe that there

A long half-hour together I have stood

Mute

—

looking at the grave in which he lies!

3.

自由诗（

Free Verse

）

自由诗（

Free

Verse

）

:

现代诗中常见的体式，长短不同的诗行存 在于同

一首诗中，

不讲究押韵与格律，

只注重诗歌所表达的意象和传递的情感。

美

国诗人

Walt Whitman

的

<<

< br>草叶集

>>

（

Leaves of Grass

）中，就采用此格式。

Song of Myself

I celebrate myself, and sing myself,

And what I assume you shall assume,

For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.

I loafe and invite my soul,

I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.

2

My tongue, every atom of my blood, form’d from this soil, this air,

Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents

the same,

I, now thirty seven years old in perfect health begin,

Hoping to cease not till death.

Creeds and schools in abeyance,

Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are, but never forgotten.

I harbor for good or bad, I permit to speak at every hazard.

Nature without check with original energy.

Notes: a spear of: a piece of

school:

学说，流派

hazard:chance

abeyance: the condition of not being in use for a certain time

惠特曼

（

Walt Whitman, 1819-1892

）

，

美国诗人。< /p>

此诗选自其巨著

<<

草叶

集

>>

。本文是

Song of Myself

一诗的第一部分，采用自由诗体，语言接近当

时的美国口语。

4.

Epic poetry

it

is

a

long

verse

narrative

on

a

serious

subject,

told

in

a

formal

and

elevated style, and centered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions

depends the fate of a tribe, a nation, or the human race.

史诗是叙述英雄传说和重大历史事件的叙事长 诗。一种庄严的文学体

裁，

内容为民间传说或歌颂英雄功绩的长 篇叙事诗，

它涉及的主题可以包括

历史事件、民族、宗教或传说

5.

史诗

史诗一般分作两种，一种为“传 统史诗”或“原始史诗”

，主要是以口

头流传的形式世代相传， 随着时间而增添情节，最后被整理、加工，以文字

记载成为一部统一的作品。这类史诗的 代表有荷马的史诗作品《伊利亚特》

和

《奥德赛》

。

另一种为文学作家以特定的观念目的有意识地编写而成的

< br>“文

学史诗”

，这类史诗的代表有维吉尔的《埃涅阿斯纪 》和约翰?弥尔顿的《失

乐园》

。

6.

英雄双韵体

(Heroic Couplet)

Heroic Couplet

is the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter

是一种英国古典诗体，由乔叟首创。

由十音节双韵诗体演化而来，

每行

五个 音步

,

每个音步有两个音节

,