-
诸葛亮
《前出师表》
Chu-Ko Kung-ming's Second Memorial to
the Throne on his Expedition
臣亮言：先帝创业未半，而中道崩殂。今天下三分，益州疲敝，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍
< br>卫之臣不懈于内；
忠志之士忘身于外者，
盖追先帝之殊遇
，
欲报之于陛下也。
诚宜开张圣听，
以
光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气；不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。
I, your humble subject Zhuge Liang,
have this to say: The late Emperor had by far not
yet attained
his
objective
of
restoring
the
Han
Dynasty
before
he
deceased
halfway
in
his
career.
Now
the
country
is divided into three camps, and Yizhou has
exhausted it resources. It is indeed a critical
moment when survival is at stake.
However, the royal guards keep vigilant at court
while the loyal
soldiers
with
high
aim
fight
selflessly
on
the
battlefield,
because
they
bear
in
mind
the
late
Emperor
’
s special
grace, wishing to repay it to Your Majesty. It
would be most judicious that you
give
more
open-minded
hearing
to
your
counselors,
so
as
to
aggrandize
his
legacy
of
noble
virtues
and
heighten
the
armymen
’
s
morale.
In
the
meantime,
it
would
be
inadvisable
to
strain
your modesty or make
inapt
remarks, thus blocking
faithful
remonstrances
.
宫中府中，
俱为一体；
陟罚臧否，
不宜异同：
若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，<
/p>
宜付有司论其刑赏，
以昭陛下平明之治；不宜偏私，使内外异法也
。侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费依、董允等，此皆良
实，
志虑忠纯，<
/p>
是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。
愚以为宫中之事，
事无大小，
悉以咨之，
然后施行，
必
能裨补阙漏，
有所广益。
将军向宠，
性
行淑均，
晓畅军事，
试用于昔日，
先帝
称之曰
“能”
，
是以众议举宠为督。<
/p>
愚以为营中之事，
事无大小，
悉以咨之，
必能使行阵和睦，
优劣得所也。
亲贤臣
，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每
与臣
论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也！侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞亮死节之臣，
愿
陛下亲之信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。
The
court
and
the
chancellery
are
one
entity.
No
difference
should
be
made
between
them
in
respect
of promoting and commending the good or punishing
and criticizing the evil. Those who
are
guilty of misconduct or creditable for devotion
and noble character should be referred to the
authorities to be
penalized
or awarded on their merits, so as to
manifest Your Majesty
’
s
justice
and
perspicacity
.
It
would
be
inappropriate
to
show
partiality
and
make
distinction
between
regulations
inside
and
outside
the
court.
Ministers
such
as
Guo
Youzhi,
Fei
Yi
and
Dong
Yun,
having integrity and probity as well as
faith in our cause and purity of mind, were
selected by the
late Emperor to be used
by Your Majesty. I think that they should be
consulted on all court affairs,
be
they
great
or
small,
before
they
are
put
into
execution.
This
will
certainly
be
conducive
to
making
up
for
loopholes
and
defects
in
our
work
and
to
effecting
greater
successes.
General
Xiang
Chong,
a
man
of
good
nature,
well
versed
in
tactics,
formerly
used
on
probation
and
considered
by
the
late
Emperor
as
capable,
has
been
recommended
by
all
to
be
the
Military
Superintendent. In my humble opinion,
he should be consulted on all matters concerning
the army,
be they great or small. This
will surely contribute to the harmony in the army
and to putting both
the superior and
the indifferent people in their proper places.
To
be
close
to
virtuous
courtiers
and
alien
to
knavish
ones
was
what
made
the
Earlier
Han
Dynasty strong and
prosperous, while to be close to knavish courtiers
and alien to virtuous ones
was what
made the Latter Han Dynasty collapse. When the
late Emperor was still alive, he did not
fail to sign with regret and bear a
bitter grudge against Emperors Huan and Ling every
time he