-
1
四
级
复
习
资
料
2
序(方法)
英语是你生活的必需,而不是为了考试。那么然后要
建立一个小小的英语环境
。
首先下载“龙卷风网络收音机”免费软件
,
安
装后就可以收听
VOA
,
BBC
等几百个英语电台
的英语节目了。如果你的英语发音特别不准的话,你
可以先从
VOA
的慢速英语来练习口语的正
确发音。
(听)
有了这个环境,
我们开始解决第一个问题,记忆单词——这是一切的基础。学英语首先要
学会正确的发音
。新东方的
4
+
1
课堂的语音语调,美国英语班,李阳的《疯狂英语》教材,郭
锐峰的
ASAP
英语教材,邱政政的《
TOEFL
新听力》一书都可以很好的解决这个问题。
(发音)
词根词缀记忆法,刘仁的《十天突破雅思真题词汇》是方法学讲的最好的,刘毅的《
英文
字根字典》是拆分最好的,蒋争的《英语词汇的奥秘》是分类最好的,朗文词典第三
版。
(记忆
单词)
< br>关于通过看电影学英语的方法,新东方的俞敏洪,杜伟老师建议,根据你的实际能力,先
< br>看
2~3
遍没有字幕的,然后再看一遍有字幕的,如果还
搞不定,下载该电影的剧本,把剧本过
一遍,先把剧本搞定(这已经是阅读问题了)
p>
,然后再看一遍有英文字幕的,保证看着字幕理解
是没有问题的。<
/p>
如果字幕的版本不理想,
可以到
/
射手网搜索下载,
是全免费的(看电影学英语)
口语往往是衡量一个人英语水平的标准,可以根据走遍美国的磁带或者
VOA
的
Special
English
进行语音语调的模仿。要求你大声的朗读,坚持背诵(
< br>reciting
)
。语言看懂了不是你
的,背下来才是你的,背下来再说出来才真正是你的。在口语的发音方面,李阳疯狂英语的方
法很值得推荐。针对中国人英语发音的缺点,李阳总结了五个发音秘诀:
双元音和长元音发音要饱满
I
made a terrible mistake
短元音收小腹,短促有力
let
‘
s get
together again soon
great minds think
alike
I am so prode of you
Go Home
Sweat Dream
连读
I am working
on it
I will think it over
省略
I
don
”
t know what to do
咬舌头
3333
It
’
s the same
thing
精确地发音有助于你正确的表达你的思想不被误解,例如下面的单词如果
你发音不准的话,很
有可能造成误会:
bad [i:] bed
beach bitch *
sheet shit
fool full
2
3
p>
这是英语播音员常使用的方法。首先要保证的是,你的发音是要正确的。然后先做热身,
p>
尽最大可能噘嘴,发“屋”的音,然后尽最大可能咧嘴,发“一”的音,然后再噘嘴发“屋”
的音,再转成咧嘴的“一”音。然后快速的转换,知道两腮酸痛为止。然后双手轻拍双颊
,做
一下简单的放松。接着找一份阅读材料来阅读。但是要注意,读的时候要咬住牙齿不
要分开,
然后尽量正确的发音,把这篇短文度
2
遍。你会觉得这么做很难受,本来发音就不准,现在更
没谱了。没关系,当你觉
得两腮酸痛的时候,张开嘴,以正常的方式再朗读刚才的短文,你就
会发现,你的发音已
经有质的突破了,元音自然就饱满了,嘴自然就张开了,自己会明显的感
觉到发音到位了
。
(发音)
想学基础英语就选《新概念》
,想学生活英语就选《走遍美国》
总结
:学好实用英语(不是应试
)的一些方法,总结如下:
p>
1.
不要浪费时间在选择题和枯燥的背单词上
2.
多多阅读英文报刊,网站,
或是看英文肥皂剧,电影
3.
p>
听
VOA
,
BBC
4.
查单词用英英字典
5.
看
DV
D
电影,要看不带字幕的,然后再看带字幕,实在还是没看懂,就下剧本研究,研
究完毕再次看一边电影(一定要不带字幕,
。练习听力
~~
)
6.
看原版英文小说
四级
四级考试中常见的考察词汇的题型:
I
押韵题型(押头韵、押尾韵)
;
答案总在相似中,如果有三个一样,基本上就在其中了。
54. The rain was heavy and _A_ the land
was flooded.
A consequently
B continuously
C constantly
D consistently
continue v.
继续,连续;
continually adv.
时断时续地;
continuously adv.
连续不断地。
说不停的咳嗽时,
p>
continually
是间歇的时断时续的咳嗽,
continuously
是一直不停的咳嗽。
consequently adv.
因此,所以;
(heavy
rain
大雨
, light
rain
小雨
)
constantly adv.
始终如一地,连续发生地;
constant
temperature
恒温
consistently adv.
一贯地,一致地;
consistent adj.
consistent policy
一贯的政策。
36. I hate
people who _C_ the end of a film that you haven't
seen before.
A revise
B rewrite
C reveal
D reverse
rewrite v.
重写,改写;
revise vt.
修改,修正;
reveal vt.
揭示,揭露;
reverse vt.
颠倒,使反转,使反向。
(vers
是词根,表示转动;
re
是前缀,表示向相反方向
)
42. There
were no tickets _D_ for Friday’s
performance.
A preferable
B considerable
C possible
D available
performance n.
表演,演出,演奏;
perform
vt.
possible adj.
可能的
动词后加
able
构成形容词通常表示“可?的”
read -> readable
accept -> acceptable
consider vt.
考虑;
considerable adj. (
数量或尺寸
)
相当大
(
或多
)
的。
preferable adj.
更好的,更可取的;
available* adj.
可获得的,可利用的,可支
配的。
(
重点词
)
33. In general, the amount that a
student spends for housing should be held to one-
fifth of the
total _D_ for living
expenses.
3
4
A acceptable
B applicable
C advisable
D available
living expenses
生活费;
acceptable
adj.
可接受的;
apply
vt.
申请,应用;
applicable adj.
可应用的,适当的,合适的;
advise vt.
建议;
advice n.
建议;
advisable adj.
明智的,可取的。
54. It
is our _A_ policy that we will achieve unity
through peaceful means.
A consistent
B continuous
C considerate
D continual
achieve unity through peaceful means
通过和平手段取得统一;
consistent policy
一贯政策
II
构词法题型
(
词的转化,合成,派生
)
;
构成符合形容词的名词和数量
词一律用单数。
(
见下面
2
个例题
)
31.
Despite
the
wonderful
acting
and
well-developed
plot
the
_B_
movie
could
not
hold
our
attention.
A three-hours
B three-hour
C
three-
hours’
D
three
-
hour’s
267. Professor White wrote a _C_ report
yesterday.
A two-thousand-words
B two-
thousands-word
C two-thousand-word
D
two-thousands-words
以
ly
结尾的不全是副词;
friendly,
lonely, lovely, likely, lively adj.
考试中常见的否定前缀:
un-
p>
、
dis-
、
in
-
、
im-
56. _B_ his
sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make
friends with others.
A Dislike
B Unlike
C Alike
D Liking
like vt.
喜欢;
dislike vt.
不喜欢,厌恶;
unlike
prep.
不象?;
alike
adj. & adv.
同样的
(
地
)
,相象的
(
地
)
;
liking n.
爱好,嗜好;
take a liking
for
喜欢?,对?产生好感。
III
近义词含义比较;
44. There were some _A_ flowers on the
table.
A artificial
B unnatural
C false
D unreal
unreal
adj.
不真实的
(
不是真实世界所
拥有的,虚幻的
)
;
Ends justify means
不择手段;
false adj.
具有欺骗性的,假的,伪造的;
false
coin/passport/hair
,
a false
tooth/false teeth
unnatural adj.
不自然的,经常用来修饰人的行为举止,表示做作的,矫揉造作的。
artificial adj.
人造人为的
artificial
leg
假肢
artificial leather
人造皮
genuine
leather
真皮
54.
When people become unemployed, it is _C_ which is
often worse than lack of wages
.
A laziness
B poverty
C idleness
D inability
laziness n.
懒惰;
poverty n.
贫穷;
poor adj.
贫穷的;
idleness n.
无事可做
(
中性,有时也有贬义含义<
/p>
)
;
inability n.
没有能力,没有办法。
69. A
lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They
are a thorough _A_.
A nuisance
B trouble
C worry
D anxiety
invade
进攻,侵略;
nuisance n. (
具体的
)
令人讨厌的东西;
trouble
n.
烦恼,麻烦,问题;
worry n.
担心,发愁;
anxiety n.
焦虑。
What a nuisance.
真是烦。
IV
搭配关系问题;
extent n.
程度;
to... extent
到达?程度,在?程度之上;
extent
只能和
to
搭配。
object vi.
反对;
object + to +
动名词(动词的
ing
形式)
。
objection n.
反对;
objection +
to +
动名词(动词的
ing
形式
)
。
V
形相近,意相远;
65. In
Britain, the best season of the year is probably
_A_ spring.
A late
B last
C latter
D later
late
adj.
晚的,晚于通常时间的;
late spring
晚春、暮春;
last adj.
最后的,最终的;
later
adj.
更晚的(
late
的比较级
)
、时间概念后一半的;只适用于表示某个世纪的后半期;
The later
twentieth century.
二十世纪的后一半。
4
5
latter adj.
(两者中)后者的;
former
adj.
(两者中)前者的;
59. Some people would like to do
shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up
wonderful
_B_ in the market.
A batteries
B bargains
C baskets
D barrels
battery n.
电池;
bargain n.
特价商品;
It
’
s really a
bargain.
你真会买东西,不是说真便宜。
basket n.
篮子;
barrel n.
桶;
wonderful bargain
物美价廉的商品;
bargain v.
讨价还价;
53.
Remember that customers don’t _D_ about prices in
that city
.
A debate
B consult
C dispute
D bargain
-------------------------XXXX-
XX-------------------------
41. The
bridge was named _A_ the hero who gave his life
for the cause of the people.
A after
B with
C by
D from
cause
事业;
be named
after
以?的名字命名;
42. There were no tickets _D_ for
Friday’s performance.
A
preferable
B
considerable
C
possible
D
available
preferable adj.
更好的,更可取的;
358.
_C_ the Revolutionary War, the United States was
an English colony.
A Inferior to
B Superior to
C Prior to
D Preferable to
具有比较意味的形容词只要与介词
to
搭配即可表示其比较级。
super-
表示在?上方,
超过?
inferior adj.
低于?的,劣于?的;
superior adj.
高于?的,优于?的;
prior
adj.
在?之前的
Revolutionary War
特指美国独立战争;
second adj.
第二的(含有比较意味,也与
to
搭配)
He is second to none.
首屈一指,无与伦比;
30.
Cancer is second only _B_ heart disease as a cause
of death.
A of
B to
C with
D from
43. It wasn't such a
good dinner _C_ she had promised us.
A
that
B which
C as
D what
such
?
that
?
如此?
以至于?
;
sb + be + ___ + sth
空格处应为能加双宾语的动词;
加双宾语的动词的用法:动词
+ sb +
sth
(主动形式)
;
sb + be + pp +
sth
(被动形式)
;
59. American women were _D_ the right
to vote until 1920 after many years of hard
struggle.
[the right to vote
选举权
]
A ignored
B neglected
C refused
D denied
deny v.
否认,拒绝;
deny sb sth
拒绝给予某人某物;
44.
They decided to chase the cow away _C_ it did more
damage.
A unless
B until
C before
D although
45.
_B_ student with a little common sense should be
able to answer the question.
A Each
B Any
C Either
D One
common sense
常识;
each
这个词在英语中强调的是个体与众不同的特点;
any
这个词强调的是很多东西在一起的共性;
either
两者之间任何一个;
31. The medicine is on sale everywhere.
You can get it at _C_ chemist’s.
A each
B some
C any
D certain
46. All _D_ is a
continuous supply of the basic necessities of
life.
A what is needed
B for our needs
C the thing needed
D that is
needed
当
all
作定语从句的先行词时,从句只能用
that<
/p>
来引导;
all that =
what
47. _A_ with the size of the whole
earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at
all
.
A When compared
B Compare
C While
comparing
D
Comparing
本题的关键是弄清
compare
与
mountain
的关系;
when
可以直接加过去分词;
before(after) + being +
过去分词;
44. After
_A_ for the job, you will be required to take a
language test.
A being interviewed
B interviewed
C interviewing
D having
interviewed
They lose their health to
make money, and they lose their money to restore
health.
5
6
48. _C_ she first heard of
the man referred to as a specialist.
[
专家
]
A That was
from Stephen
B
It was Stephen whom
C It was from
Stephen that
D
It was Stephen that
本题重点是强调句式;
当被强调部分
指人且在句子中作宾语时,其余部分可用
whom
引导;
49. If these shoes are too
big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller _D_.
A suit
B set
C one
D pair
50. Many new _A_ will
be opened up in the future for those with a
university education.
A opportunities
B necessities
C realities
D probabilities
51. He must have had an accident, or he
_A_ then.
A would have been
here
B had to
be here
C
should be here
D would be here
must have +
过去分词
表示对过去行为的肯定推测;
与过去事态相反用:情态动词
+
have +
过去分词
来体现虚拟语气;
must
一定,必须;
needn't,
don't have to
不必;
53. You _A_ all those calculations! We
have a computer to do that sort of thing.
A needn’t have done
B must not have
done
C shouldn’t have done
D can not have
done
should have +
过去分词
本应该,本应当;
shouldn't have
done
本不应该,本不应当;
44. It was very kind of you to do the
washing-up, but you _D_ it.
A mustn’t
have done
B
wouldn’t have done
C
mightn’t have done
D didn’t have to do
52. It was essential that the
applications forms _C_ back before the deadline.
A must be sent
B would be sent
C be sent
D were sent
It
be essential that
后面一定用虚拟语气,且句子谓语动词固定为
(should)
+
动词原型;
It was
essential that the applications forms send back
before the deadline.
53. We _D_ our
breakfast when an old man came to the
door.
A just
have had
B have
just had
C just
had
D had just
had
when
还可以表示①刚
.
.
就?
(有动作先后关系)
、②恰在此时;
44. I had just started back for the
house to change my clothes _D_ I heard voices.
A as
B while
C after
D when
45.
I
felt
somewhat
disappointed
and
was
about
to
leave,
_C_
something
occurred
which
attracted my
attention.
A unless
B until
C when
D while
64. It
was essential that these application forms _D_
back as early as possible.
A must be
sent
B will be
sent
C are sent
D be sent
6
7
第一部分
.
听力部分
听力技巧一:学会取舍,理解内容
听
力考试中最忌讳的就是词词计较,
力求听懂所有词。
其实,
p>
听懂所有词首先没必要,
其次
也不可能。我
们在日常生活中听中文时,无论听什么,注意力都不会在每一个字或词上面,而
是对文段
或对话内容的整体的理解上。何况我们听的是英文,在英文句子中,对不同的词本身
就有
弱读和重读。
听力技巧二:扫视材料,预测内容
当
广播中朗读听力要求时,
我们要充分利用这个时间,
迅速扫视书
面文字中的题干及选项,
通过扫视联系上下文,有根据地预测文段发生的时间、场所、人
物,并预测出谈话的大致内容。
并且,在扫视中我们对提出的问题尤其要注意。这样做的
结果是听录音时我们可以有的放矢,
做到有备而来,心中有数。
听力技巧三:注重首句,抓住主旨
在听长文段时,由于信息多,而且听力不同于阅读,朗读速度非常快,需要我们快速做出
反应,所以在听的时候就更应当注意主旨大意。在阅读中我们知道作者一般会在首句或首
段道
出文段的中心大意、或对所阐述内容进行概括,有些作者也会在结尾时再一次点题。
文段中间
部分主要是细节,或是作者为了证实自己的观点,进一步举出例证,这一部分基
本上是事实或
是细节。了解了这个特点后,我们在听录音材料时就可以有目的地听。如果
为了解答主旨问题
就要着眼于首句,如果为了回答细节问题就要注意中间部分。
听力技巧四:简单记录,便于辨认
长
文段听力中细节很多,所以只靠脑子记忆确实有困难。我们在做长文段听力时可以做一
些
简单的记录。这种记录要非常简练,要记重要环节。如文中提及的人物、事件、时间、地点、
原因、方式、程度、数字、选择等信息都非常重要。笔记要提纲挈领,达到帮助记忆、推断和
答题的目的即可。记录的方法多种多样。可以使用符号、画图、缩写形式等,只要自己能辨认
就可以了。
听力技巧五:连贯记忆,准确推理
听
录音时,既要不断输入、理解、存贮信息,又要不打断听的过程;既要集中精力听,又
要
用心记;紧扣话题,把握说话者的思路,捕捉信号词,连贯记忆主要信息。听完试题后,要
前后联系,利用后面听到的信息补充前面漏听的或有疑问的信息,并对听前、听中的预测和判
< br>断加以推理、分析、修正,以使理解的准确性更高。最后提醒大家,在做听力考试试题时,要
消除紧张情绪,集中注意力。听力考试对我们不仅仅是听的能力的考查,同时是对我们心理素
质的测验。所以在做听力题前要放松自己的情绪,以愉快轻松的状态应对考试。只要我们加强
p>
训练,训练得法,掌握一些必要的应试技巧就能够在高考听力中取得高分。
< br>
三、短对话
考查方式:一共
8
个短对话,每个对话一个问题。<
/p>
2
个长对话,共
7
个问题。每个对话念一遍,
结束之后提出问题。
1
.
But
题型
7
8
形式:
A
:
??
B:
??,
but
??
.
重点听第二个说话人
B
说话,
but
后面
所说的话为重点,出题点往往在
but
后面。四级听力题
中,
But
后面的为重点的占
95%,
之前的为重点的占
5%
。
2.
场景题
(
1
)
每一类场景,常考出题思路——用于解题
(
2
)
线索词
场景题提问方式:
(
1
)
what (
过去,现在,将来
)
(
2
)
Where
is
the
conversation
taking
place?
/
Where
does
the
conversation
take
place?
(
3
)
When is the conversation taking place?
(
4
)
Who
——
>where
(location)
问人是谁,可以从他所在的地方来判断。
各类场景(把各类场景容易出现的词给记住,选选项时往常考思路上靠)
3.
重复反问题型
< br>形式:
A:
??
B:
??(形容词,重复
A
部分的话)
,??
.
Q:??
直接把
B
所说的形容词加深程度的选项为正确选项。
例
1
:
A
:
It
’
s a
little bit warm out today.
B: Warm. You
could fry an egg on the sidewalk.
正确选项应是强调
warm
的。
例
2
:
A:
Mary sees happy with her grades.
B:
Happy. She could hardly contain
herself.
她简直乐翻了。
正
确选项应该是强调
happy
的。
4
.态度方向题
Yes/ No?
A:
讲述一个
idea/opinio
n
(一般疑问句)
。
B:Yes/No,
??
(
阐
述理由
)
。
选项特点
:
有两个两两相反的选项(
另外提醒一下,在听力题四个选项中,如果有其中两个选
项说的内容刚好是相反的,那么
正确答案必定为其中一个)
。
5
.建议题
A:
??
trouble
??
(
讲述一个
trouble)
B1: Advice.
B2: Don’t worry.
/ Calm down. / Take it easy.
B:
先安慰,后给
advice.
表示建议的表达方式
You should?./ shouldn’t?.
You ought to?.
Why not?/ why don’t??
If I were you, I would?.
How about doing?/ What about
doing??
8
9
It
’
s (about/high)
time that
?
(
用过去时<
/p>
)
。
虚拟语气:
1
)
might have,
could have, should have
本应该
2
)表与现在相反
If I were
you, I would
?
=You
should
?
.
语气词
1
)表示糟糕的语气
It
’
s too bad. /
It
’
s tough. / Oh, no. / What
a pity. / Tough luck. / Uh-
oh.
小麻烦
2
)表示惊讶的语气
Boy. / Oh, boy. / Oh, mine. / My God. /
My Goodness. / WOW!
非常惊讶
3
)表示赞美的语气
Wonderful. / Terrific. / My favorite. =
My fav.
我的最爱。
/ Cool. / Super
cool.
酷
呆了。
/Ultra
cool.
酷毙了。
4
)表示肯定的语气
Yeah. = Yes. / You bet. /
Uh-
huh. / And? / I’ll say. / You said
it. / You can say
that again. / And
how. / I
sn’t it (though). / Aren’t they
(though).
5
)表示否定的语气
nope.(
升调
)=no./
But.
/
Are
you
kidding?
/
Are
you
joking?
/
Are
you
serious?
/
No
kidding.
/ no joking. / Who
told you that? / Says who. / Says you.
注:
长对话是短对话的扩展,所以以上技巧也基本上适合长对话。
四、短文
考查方式:一共
3
篇短文,
10
个问题。
每篇短文念一遍,结束之后提出问题。
1
.文章类型
(1)
介绍性
1
)
讲故事。
2
)
说明性
——
>
对现实生活的影响。
(2)
讨论性
conclusion
说出一个结论。
(3)
对比性
my
opinion.
讲述我的观点。
2
.解题思路
(1)
结构
(2)
行文
(3)
思维
3
.解题步骤
(1)
听之前看选项
1)
看选项长短。
< br>2)
找出选项中的相同词——以便确定文章的内容和范围。
3)
找数字题——年代,时间,数目,金钱。
(2)
抓两头
1)
听到结尾——
>
回忆结尾的一两
句话。
2)
重复词
< br>(
重复出现的词就是文章所讲述的重点内容
)
,同时提示文章快要结束了。
3)As a
result, so , therefore,
thus
均提示文章快要结束了。
9
10
(3)
中间抓小词
1)
要牢记以下七个小词:
first, most , because
出现,
99%
会出考题。
only, just
也会出考题。
but,
however
也会出考题。
2)
常考的逻辑关系:
并列:
and
因果:
because
转折:
but , however
递进:
the more ,the more
让步:
despite, although, though
(4)
补救措施
如果没听清楚文章内容,就必须听清楚题目问什么,然后用
common
sense
常识来判断正误
4
.题型
(
1
)主观态度题:讲
facts,
选正
态度(就是说,选一个积极的,赞扬的,好的态度)
。
What’s the speaker’s attitude toward
sth?
What’s the speaker’s
impression of sth?
主观态度题常常不会
考太过细致的选项(就是说,说得太精确的选项一般都是用来迷惑人的)
。
(2
)中心思想题
What’s the passage mainly talking
about?
What’s the main idea
of this passage?
What’s the
topic of this passage?
(3
)
paraphrase
替换题
1)
词组与词的替换
cancel= call off
late/delay=behind schedule
2)
词与词的替换
a.
同义词
interesting =stimulating =fascinating
=exciting
b.
反义词
五、复合式听写
< br>考查方式:一篇文章一共
10
个空,
1-7
空为单词听写,
8-10
空
为句子听写。
复合式听写历来是考生们最头疼的四级“绝杀”
。
因为完全没有选择,
需要真刀真枪的写出
所有答案,在过去的年份中,考生们也是能躲就躲。但是,在新四级当中,由于作为固定模式
出现,复合式听写将永恒存在。十题中,前七空需要写出七个单词,实际上,这些单词中大部
分都属于能够听懂,但是容易写错的单词。所以,平时的功夫就很重要了。在此建议考生,对
于那些经常出现,但是总让自己的拼写出现困难的单词,考生们一定要多加注意。而对于分数<
/p>
设计较高的最后三个空,也就是长句子听写,笔者建议考生一定按照考试说明的要求,用“
按
照自己的话把题目要点写出来”而尽量不要“完全按照听到的写下来”,因为后者的难
度实在
太大,另外,也没有必要。在应用前者方法的同时,考生需要注意,在第一遍记录
完大致的主
语以及谓语后,第二遍时,请一定注意听完,在脑海里稍微用自己的思路组织
一下,再动笔进
行书写。因为只有这样,才能够按照“由长到短,由难到易”的方向进行
长句的转化。
下面是答题顺序及技巧:
10
11
1
听之前
(pre-
listening)
(1)
对全文进行全局性预览:尤其
是第一句(
topic
)和最后一句
(
conclusion)
。
(2)
观察空格前后的特殊现象,判断词性,单复数,时态语态。
2
听之时
(while-
listening)
原则:精听,速记,以听为主,以记为辅。
3
如何速记
(1)
省略虚词如:如冠词,助动词等。
(2)
遇到词组记每个单词首字母如
break down
就记作
B D
,但一定要自己看得懂的。
(3)
长单词记前三个字母
如:
experience
就记作
exp
。
(4)
符号记忆
如:
more than
就记作”>” less than 记作
“<” equal to 记作
“=”等
等。
(5)
混合记忆
就是把上面几种方法混合起来用,还可以夹杂中文字等等。
(6)
随便记忆
< br>如果实在一时想不出是什么词,就用拼音,音标或者读音相近的词先把他记下
来。
总之就是不管对错,先把大致读音记下来再说,然后等有时间再慢慢研究。
(7)
无论采取何种记录方法最重要的原则是记得自己看得懂,待会能很方
便的回想和复原出来。
不要记得到时候自己也想不起来是什么东西。这就需要平时自己多
联系,得出一套属于自己的
速记方法。
4
听之后
(after
–
listening
)
全面检查和补全前面记录下的东西。
(1)
检查漏词
a
检查漏掉的:
< br>介词
(
in
on
at
??)
,
冠词
(
a
an
< br>the
)
,
代词
(
it
this
that
??
)。
b
漏词缀:漏掉单词前缀,
漏掉非谓语
形式(“ing”??),漏掉过去时态(最容易出错
的是以下四个短语
decided to / surprised to / learned to /
started to
)。
(2)
检查错词
a
长单词容易发生拼写错误,要仔细检查一遍。
b
短单词容易和同音异义词混淆,
检查时要和上下文连起来看看意思是不是对。
(3)
检查大小写
人名、地名、国家名、<
/p>
时间名(月份什么)、
节日名、书名、文件名、商标名、历史事件
名、
宗
教名等首字都要大写;句首单
词首字母也要大写。
(4)
检查名词单复数、形容词、副词比较级最高级、动词事态、语态
六、短对话听力的一些原则
1
.
推
理
原
则
:
一
般
需
对
对
话
进
行
推
理
,
故
直
接<
/p>
在
对
话
中
听
到
的
一
般
不
是
正
确
答
案。
2
.
挫折原
则:通常要办的事情都是不顺利的(如买东西买不到,订房间客满等)
。
3
.
男女原则:一般男生比较衰,女生比较牛。男生提出的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看法
的,反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的。
男生的
特征:脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家
女生的特征:爱干净、节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成绩
< br>都很好
4
.
父母一般只有一个作用教育子女好好学习
11
12
5
.
p>
除了父母教育子女外,家里(包括朋友家,阿姨家等等)发生的事情一般是不考的,故遇
p>
到地点推测题类似
at home / at
Mary
’
s
home
之类的选项一般都是不对的。
6
.
四级听
力短对话只考日常生活学习中遇得到事情,问题,故如果选项中出现一些日常生活
中不太
可能发生或很少发生的事情一般不会是正确选项。
七、
短对话听力十大场景及一般思路
1
.
借车:车一般是借不到的
2
.
吃:匹
萨,海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应,
“派”一般比较好吃
3
.
考试:
作业、论文一般比较难,或须要熬夜,教授一般比较严厉,选修课较难较多
4
.
坐车(飞机、轮船)
:一般都需要等
5
.
事故(
灾难)
:光明原则,一般不会死人
6
.
听讲座
:题目一般是比较有趣丰富的,内容一般是比较复杂难懂的
7
.
论文:
一般需要修改(
polish
)或重写(
rewrite
)
8
.
休闲:
男生一般喜欢待在家里看
TV
或者看
m
oive
,女生一般喜欢高雅艺术如
theater
9
.
医院:需要预约
make an appointment
10
.买票:基本上是买不到的
八、短对话的常见场景
(一)
.
社会生活类
1
、购物消费:
mall
购物中心;
convenience store
便利店
chain store
连锁店;
supermarket
超市
department store
百货商店;
grocery
杂货店
customer
顾客;
complaint
投诉;
display
展示
counter
柜台
;
balance
余额,结余;
budget
预算
catalog
商品目录;
famous brands
名牌;
bargain
讨价还价
(v.);
便宜货
(n.);
stationery
文具
electronic products
电子产品;
digital camera
数码相机;
discount
折扣;
shopping list
购物清单;
receipt
收据;
on
sale
出售,上市;
sell
out
售完;
out
of stock
没货,脱销;
deliver
送货
2
、居家琐事:
trivial affairs
日常琐事;
laundry
洗衣店
iron
烫衣服;
keep an eye on sb./sth.
照料某人事
in a mess
杂乱;
economical
经济的,节俭的
open an
account
开户;
deposit
存款;
withdraw
取钱;
interest rate
利率;
property
财产
;
debt
债务;
pay
off
还清;
parcel
包裹;
zip/postal code
邮政编码
3
、日常交往:
leisure time
休闲时间;
call on sb.
拜访某人
12
13
drop by/round
突然造访;
take a message
捎信
hospitable
好客的;
hang up
挂断电话
hold on
别挂电话;
operator
接线员
4
、休闲娱乐:
hobby
爱好;
keep pets
养宠物;
tame dog
训狗
gardening
园艺;
play chess
下象棋
TV
channels
电视频道;
broadcast
广播,播放
live broadcast
现场直播;
programme
电视节目
commercial advertisement
商业广告
tennis court
网球场;
entertainment
industry
娱乐业;
tragedy
悲剧;
plot
情节
enthusiastic
热情的
5
、外出就餐:
waiter/waitress
男女服务员;
order
点菜;
menu
菜单;
dessert
甜点;
yogurt
酸奶
junk food
垃圾食品;
beef steak
牛排;
medium
中等熟的
go
dutch AA
制;
make a reservation
预定;
6
、住房搬家:
landlord/landlady
房东;
apartment/flat
公寓;
monthly rent
月租;
available
可利用的;
settle
定居;
suburb
郊区
transportation
交通
put up with the
noise
容忍噪音
7
、装饰维修:
furnished
已装修的;
decoration
装饰;
cupboard
衣柜
sink
下水槽;
leak
漏水
install
安装;
air conditioner
空调
performance
表演
comedy
喜剧
horror movie
恐怖片;
entertaining
有趣的,愉快的;
napkin
餐巾
tip
消费;
snack
快餐
appetizer
开胃菜;
toast
烤面包;
roast
烤肉
rare
半熟的;
sour/sweet/bitter/hot
酸甜苦辣
treat
款待,宴请
have a picnic
野餐
tenant
房客
residence
居住,住所
spare rooms
空余房间
accommodate
供给住宿或房间
downtown
市中心;
neighborhood
邻近地区;
subway entrance
地铁入口;
furniture
家具
painting
画;
shower
淋浴;
pipe
管道;
fix
维修;
maintenance man/technician
维修工
13
14
p>
(二)
.
学校生活类
1
、注册:
register
注册,报到,登记;
enrolment
登记入学
department
系;
student ID card
学生证
recommendation letter
推荐信;
application form
申请表
2
、选课:
semester
学期;
register for/sign up for/enroll in/take
选课
quit/drop a
course
退课;
earn a credit
修学分
major in
主修;
optional/elective course
选修课
linguistics
语言学;
psychology
心理学;
3
、听课:
professor
教授;
lecturer
讲师;
dean
系主任
call the roll
点名;
make a presentation
作陈述或介绍
get lost
不明白
presence
出席
punctual
守时,准时
skip the class
逃课
4
、作业:
assignment/homework
作业;
survey
调查;
final draft
终稿
due
到期;
criticism
批评
5
、读书:
journal
定期刊物;
periodical
期刊;
editorial
社论;
out of stock
已脱销;
up-to-date
最近的,当代的;
reference book
参考书;
publishing house
出版社
6
、学习:
concentrate
集中精神;
review/revise
复习;
think much
/highly of
?
对?评价很高
required /compulsory course
必修课
curriculum
课程;
philosophy
哲学;
literature
class
文学课
supervisor/advisor
导师
tutor
家教;
teaching
assistant
教学助理
catch/follow
跟上
confused/puzzled
迷惑不解的;
attendance
出席人数;
absence
缺席;
take notes
记笔记;
make up
?弥补(课)
experiment
实验
rough draft
草稿;
have one’s
hands full with…
忙于做?
deadline
最后期限;
feedback
反馈
magazine
杂志;
book review
书评;
go through this novel
通读小说
out of print
已绝版
publisher
出版者
publication
出版,出版物;
distraction
使人分心的事
fall behind
落后;
14
15
7
、考试、成绩:
mid-term exam
期中考试;
final exam
期末考试
quiz
小测验;
pop quiz
突击测验;
standardized tests
标准测试
;
national test
统考
entrance exam
入学考试;
review/go over/go through
复习;
grade/score/mark
成绩;
full marks
满分
passing grade
及格分;
straight
A
’
s
全得
A
,全优
B plus B
加;
B minus
B
减;
repeat the
course
重修;
repeat the year
留级
8
、毕业进修:
graduation
毕业;
post graduate
研究生;
a
bachelor
’
s degree
学士学位;
a doctor
’
s degree
博士学位;
study abroad
留学
9
、学费及奖学金:
tuition
学费;
grant
助学金;
scholarship
奖学金
10
、课余生活:
participate in/take part in
参加;
sign up for
参加(俱乐部,课程等)
;
run for
竞选;
questionnaire
问卷调查
;
the
student union
学生会;
candidate
候选人
(三)
、求职面试
1
、求职面试
job hunting
找工作;
position/post
职位;
opportunity
机会;
consult
咨询
application
form
求职信
interviewee
面试者
competent
胜任的
qualification
资历
lose one
’
s job
失业
part-time job
兼职工作
fire/dismiss
解雇
job-hopping
跳槽
turn down
拒绝
graduate
毕业生;
diploma
文凭;
a
master
’
s degree
硕士学位;
further/advanced study
进修;
fee
学杂费;
financial aids
助学金;
student loan
学生助学贷款
enroll in
登记
taste
兴趣,爱好;
vote
选票
election campaign
选举活动;
chairman
主席
want ads
招聘广告
opening/vacancy
空缺
inquiry
询问;
resume
简历;
interview
面试;
interviewer
面试官;
inexperienced
没有经验的;
unemployment
失业;
full-time job
全职工作;
do odd jobs
做零工;
hire/employ
雇佣;
appointment
任命;
15
16
2
、工作往来:
clients
客户;
secretary
秘书;
colleague
同事
superior
上司;
get along with
与?相处
appointment
约会;
confirm
确认
ask for leave
请假;
arrangement
安排
apply for a
vacation
申请休假;
fill in the application form
填写申请表
morning shift
早班;
night shift
夜班
shift work
倒班工作;
take over
接管,接任
in
charge of
负责;
be
involved
in
参与
negotiate
谈判
cooperation
合作
bid
投标;
difference
分歧;
disapprove
反对;
headquarter
总部;
3
、工作态度:
attitude
态度;
active/positive
积极的;
pessimistic
悲观的;
forgetful
健忘的;
confident
有信心的;
perseverance
坚持不懈;
overwork
加班;
overwhelmed
疲倦的;
wear out
疲劳的;
work like a horse
辛勤工作;
4
、工作业绩:
promotion
升职;
achievement
成就;
deserve
值得,应得;
(四)
.
科普知识类
1
、生物
,
生态:
biology
生物学;
protein
蛋白质
inherit
遗传;
digestive
system
消化系统;
ecology
生态学;
rare animal
珍稀动物;
2
、气候:
weather forecast
天气预报;
assistance/favor
帮助,协助;
inquire
咨询;
competition
竞争;
contract
合同
approve
同意,批准
compromise
妥协,让步
branch
分部,分公司
personality
品质
optimistic
乐观的
determined
有决心的
diligent
勤奋的
hard-working
工作努力的
struggle
奋斗
work addict
工作狂
workload
工作负担
complain
抱怨
devote oneself
to sth.
致力于?
career
事业
contribution
贡献
worthy
值得的
cell
细胞;
gene
基因;
survive
生存
adapt to
适应
soil erosion
水土流失
extinction
灭绝
temperature
温度
16
17
Sunny/clear
晴天;
cloudy
多云的
overcast
阴天的;
drizzle
毛毛雨;
light rain
小雨
heavy rain
大雨;
shower
阵雨
pour/downpour
倾盆大雨;
thunderstorm
雷雨
rain cats and dogs
下倾盆大雨;
blizzard
暴风雨
snowstorm
暴风雨;
hail
冰雹;
windy
刮风的
breeze
微风的;
sweltering
酷热的
steamy
湿热的;
sticky
闷热的;
muggy
闷热潮湿的;
freezing
寒冷的;
severe winter
严冬;
humid
湿的;
3
、天文地理:
astronomy
天文学;
cosmos
宇宙;
solar energy
太阳能;
planet
行星;
telescope
望远镜
geology
地质学
exploration
勘探
South Pole
南极
latitude
纬度;
iceberg
冰山;
erupt
爆发
4
、现代科技:
high tech
高科技;
portable computer
手提电脑;
websites
网址;
log in/on
登陆
computer virus
电脑病毒
on-line shopping
在线购物
distance learning
远程学习;
advance technology
先进技术;
copying machine
复印机
(五)
、社会问题类
1
、环境问题
environment protection
环境保护;
deforestation;
滥砍滥伐
dump
倾倒
;
vegetation
植被
;
ozone layer
臭氧层
;
stuffy
闷的
chilly
严寒的
frigid
严寒的
foggy/misty
有雾的
humidity
湿度
universe
宇宙
solar system
太阳系
satellite
卫星
comet
彗星;
microscope
显微镜;
geography
地理;
north Pole
北极;
equator
赤道;
longitude
经度
volcano
火山;
clone
克隆
Internet
因特网
cyber
网络;
hacker
黑客;
chat room
聊天室;
surf on the
internet
在网上冲浪;
fax machine
传真机;
printer
打印机
photocopying machine
影印机
reclaim
开垦
;
over-fishing
过渡捕鱼
;
ecosystem
生态系统
;
oxygen
氧气
;
deterioration
恶化
;
17
18
pollution
污染
;
recycle
回收再利用
;
circulation
流通,循环
;
purify
净化
;
radiation
辐射
;
drought
干旱;
dust-storm
沙尘暴;
acid rain
酸雨;
greenhouse effects
温室效应;
global warming
全球变暖;
rare
稀有的;
sensitive to
climate
;
对气候敏感的
;
endangered species
濒危物种
;
wipe out
清除,消亡
;
extinction
灭绝
;
conservation
保护,保存
;
2
、移民种族:
industrial Revolution
工业革命;
refugee
难民;
immigration
移民;
cultural conflict
文化冲突;
multiculturalism
多元化文化主义;
racial segregation
种族隔离;
3
、妇女问题:
women
’
s
liberation
妇女解放;
women
’
s movement
妇女运动;
domestic violence
家庭暴力;
abuse
虐待
divorce
离婚
4
、政治经济:
international organizations
国际组织
economic sanctions
经济制裁
;
economic
depression
经济萧条;
crisis
危机;
alliance
联盟;
politics
政治;
deficit
赤字;
merge
并购,合并;
listed company
上市公司;
subsidiary
子公司;
the
Congress
国会(美)
;
the Secretary
of State
国务卿
break out
爆发;
internal
affairs
内政;
terrorism
恐怖主义;
CEO (chief executive
officer
)首席执行官
GNP (gross national product)
国民生产总值
(六)
、文化习俗类
1
、文化艺术:
mass media
大众媒体;
famine
饥饿
migrate
移民;
settlement
定居;
diverse
多样的;
descendant
后代,后裔;
racial
discrimination
种族歧视;
sex
discrimination/sexism
性别歧视;
professional women
职业女性;
traffic in
women
贩卖妇女;
compensate
补偿;
non-governmental organizations
非政府组织
economic
recession
经济衰退;
reform
改革;
institution
机构;
cooperation
合作;
(anti-) dumping
(
反)倾销
legislation
立法;
judicial
司法的;
executive
行政的
parliament
国会;
bankrupt
破产;
the State Council
国务院
summit meeting
峰会;
rebel
暴乱;
strike
罢工;
GDP (gross domestic
product)
国内生产总值
<
/p>
cartoon/animation
动画片
18
19
musical
音乐片;
Academy Award
金像奖
fashionable
时尚的;
outmoded/outdated
过时的
popular with
流行;
catch on
流行;
Yuppie
雅皮士;
Hippie
嬉皮士;
classical literature
古典文学;
art works
艺术作品
collected
works
文集;
collection
作品集,收藏品
aesthetic
美学的;
graffiti
涂鸦;
oil painting
油画;
sculpture
雕塑;
dignity
尊严;
individual
个人的;
confrontation
冲突;
(musical) instrument
乐器;
wind instrument
管乐;
stringed instrument
弦乐;
orchestra/band
乐队;
2
、社会习俗:
exotic
有异域情调的;
costume
服饰;
good-mannered
文明的;
ill-mannered
无教养的;
blunt
唐突,直言的;
tradition
传统;
wedding ceremony
婚礼庆典;
bridesmaid
伴娘;
engagement
订婚;
(七)
、旅游交通类:
1
、火车
track
轨道;
a
non-stop/through train
直达火车;
change/transfer
转车、换乘;
car/train attendant
列车员;
information booth
问讯处;
coach/carriage
车厢;
berth/bunk
铺位;
platform ticket
站台票;
return/round-trip ticket
往返票
check (in)
luggage
托运行李;
refund a ticket
退票;
t
o change trains
at…
在(某地)换车
to break the journey
中途下车
2
、汽车
commuter
通勤者;
zebra
斑马线;
jay-walker
乱穿马路的行人;
offensive
冒犯的;
concert
音乐会
folk art
民间艺术
performance
表演;
classic art
高雅艺术;
custom
风俗;
proper conduct
得体的举止
taboo
禁忌;
behavior
行为;
practice
惯例;
bridegroom/groom
新郎;
bride
新娘;
best man
伴郎;
express train
快车;
stopping train/slow train
慢车;
schedule/timetable
时刻表;
booking/ticket office
订票处;
passenger
乘客
sleeping car
卧车车厢
restaurant/dining car
餐车;
one-way ticket
单程票
left-luggage office
行李暂存处;
punch a ticket
剪票
terminal/terminus
终点站
the train is due
at…
在(某时)到达
rush hour
(
车辆的)高峰时间
traffic jam
交通拥挤;
handbrake
手刹车;
19
20
park a car
停车;
hold up
阻塞,抑制;
run a red
light/jump the light
闯红灯;
over taking on the inside
超车;
speeding
超速;
make a wrong turn
拐错弯;
drunken
drinking
酒后驾车;
casualties
伤亡人数
hit-and-the-run accident
事故后驾车逃逸
one way street
单行道;
intersection
十字路口;
driver’s/driving
license
驾驶执照;
shuttle
班车
give a ride
搭车;
fast lane
快行车道;
injury
受伤;
ticket
罚单;
3
、飞机
Airport
机场;
airline
航线;
flight
航班;
economy class
经济舱;
first class
头等舱;
business class
商务舱;
see off
送行;
departure time
起飞时间;
check in
办理登机手续;
crew
全体乘务人员;
captain
机长;
pilot
飞行员;
switch to a
different flight
换乘其他航班
4
、参观游览
tourist
游客;
sightseeing
观光、游览;
book a room
预订房间;
service counter
服务台;
check out
结账离开;
historic spots
历史名胜;
fantastic scene
奇异的景象;
beyond description
难以描述;
run
out of film
胶卷用完了;
(八)
、医疗健康类
1
、疾病和症状
Epidemic
流行病;
SARS
非典型性肺炎;
symptom
症状;
sneeze
打喷嚏;
runny nose
流鼻涕;
vomit
呕吐;
stomachache
胃痛;
toothache
牙疼;
declare
申报(海关、纳税)
customs
海关;
board
登机;
checking
counter
检票处
passport
护照;
visa
签证;
air/plane crash
空难;
miss flight
误机;
safety
inspection
安检;
behind schedule
晚点;
airsick
晕机;
jet lag
飞机时差反应;
take a vacation
休假;
travel agency
旅行社;
reception desk
接待处;
check in
住宿登记;
scenic resort
旅游胜地;
landscape
风景;
pose
摆姿势;
press the shutter
按快门;
broaden one
’
s
horizon
开拓眼界;
bird flu
禽流感;
contagion
传染;
attack/fit
发作;
coughing
咳嗽;
nausea
恶心;
diarrhea
腹泻;
cavity
牙洞;
dental decay
龋齿;
20
21
allergy
过敏;
fracture
骨折;
fatigue
疲劳;
sore throat
嗓子疼;
have a
temperature/fever
发烧;
2
、医院和医生
infirmary
学校医院;
clinic
诊所;
the dentist
’
s
牙科诊所;
physician
内科医生
registration
office
挂号处;
surgeon
外科医生
out-patient
department
门诊部;
ward
病室;
in-patient
department
住院部;
anesthetist
麻醉师;
pharmacist
药剂师;
doctor in
charge
主治医师
3
、检查和治疗
Register
挂号;
Examine
检查;
Take blood
pressure
量血压;
Physical inspection
体检;
Prescription
处方,药方;
Herb/herbal medicine
草药;
Pill/tablet
药片,药丸;
sleeping
pill/tablet
;
pharmacy
药房
take injection
打针;
be in hospital
住院;
operation
手术;
go for the
admission procedure
办理住院手续;
4
、减肥锻炼
put on weight
增加体重;
aerobics
有氧健身法;
keep-fit class
健身房;
physical exercise
锻炼;
exercise machine
健身器械;
go in for physical
training
锻炼体魄;
5
、不良习惯
tobacco
烟草(制品)
;
tar
焦油;
lung cancer
肺癌;
give
up/stop/quit smoking
戒烟;
6
、身体状况
Physical
examina
tion
、
health checkup
体检;
be in good/bad shape
身体健康
/
身体状况好;
be in poor health
身体虚弱;
be out of shape
身体不好;
head nurse
护士长;
make a file
建病例;
take temperature
量体温;
treat
治疗;
cure
治愈;
fill teeth
补牙;
drug
药;
dosage
剂量;
drugstore/chemist’s shop
药店,药房;
vaccinate
注射疫苗;
be out of
hospital
出院;
surgery
外科手术;
overweight
超重的
lose weight
减肥;
fitness center
健身中心
slimming drug
减肥药;
on diet
节食;
build up a good physique
锻炼身体;
addict
使沉溺或上瘾;
nicotine
尼古丁;
heavy smoker
烟瘾大的人;
give up/stop/quit drinking
戒酒
;
be of strong
physique/powerful build
体格强壮;
be as fit
as a fiddle
身体非常好;
be/feel under the weather
身体不舒服;
21
22
p>
第二部分
.
四级阅读
四级
文章本身的特点:
1
、结构:
1
)文科文章常有的一些结构
A
、现象解释型(文章一开始给出一个现象然后对现象
进行解释,一般都会在第一段的末句
是一个问句,段末是问号。就是要我们寻找回答,问
题就是一个现象,我们就要寻找解释,来
做主题。)解释即为文章的主题所在。常被考到
的有:现象本身;解释;作者对解释的评价。
理科文章解释主题常有两种方式:
1
)罗列式的
2
)用实
验来解释主题
文中加引号的词,表明该词在原文中有特定的
含义,表达并非最表面的意思
问题中出现了一开始就提到的现象时,答案通常针对文章主题。
B
、问题解决方案型(文章一开始给出一个问题,对问
题给出一个解决方案。典型的文章:
某年的第一篇文章。问题—
problem
第一问题本身考一道题,第二造成问题的原因是,第三问
题的解决方案是,第四作者对解决方案的态度,正评价还是副评价,肯定还是否定。思路比较
固定,只要是解决方案一般都是不行的。)
C
、结论解释型(在文科文章的数量是最大的。文章一开始给出一结论,然后对结论进行
解
释,数量极多。)
2
)理科文章的结构
A
、现象解释型(结构与文科文章不一样,理科文章首
句出问号,常暗示指现象,有现象就
要寻找解释。)
B
、问题解决方案型(成果型在理科文章里很多,
p>
2001-6
)
C
、实验型文章(文科文章可以颠三倒四的把问题反复地说,理科文章一般比较客观,要
说
明问题一般用实验来说。)
2
、体裁:
以说明和议论为主。
原因:
四级
和
p>
四级
以上的文章具有的特征——
acade
mic
学术性的
,
学术性的
文章用记叙文说不清楚,只能用说明和议论。说明文:作者没有太多的观点,只给出一些数据
和事实,让你自己去推理、综合。
启发:
1
)
、关注重点不同。
对于说明文而言注意文中的定义、概念、重要数据和细节。对于议论<
/p>
文而言注意作者的结论和观点。主要是看作者支持什么反对什么。
2
)、文章的重心。
四级
文章无论说明议论,
四级
文章的重心一般靠前。两种模式:
A
< br>、一
根主线,一开始就摆出文章的主题。对一个方面进行具体论述。
B
、花开两朵,各表一枝。文章
一开始就出现两个概
念或者两个方面,文章论述两个方面一般答案里也包含两个方面。
3
)、句子结构复杂
常见的难句类型:
A
、
多重复
合句,重点是以
it
为形式主语的复合句。要很开地看出重心,
主要注意抓
主干和断句。(主谓宾)
22
23
B
、多重并列句,一般并列句可以用
and
来连接,另一种是肯定否定形式的并列句,比如:
not??but , not only??but also, but
和
but also
后面的才是作者强调的。
C
、经典被动句
D
、倒装句
典型结构主要是主系表结
构倒装为表系主结构。方法:第一看系动词,第二看第
一个词,
如果第一个词有形容词性而又不修饰别的词,
就肯定是个表语。
一般是为了强调表
语,所以倒装。
This is of
great importance.
倒装为
:
Of great
importance is ??
of great
是形容词变名词。
E
、双重否定
=
肯定
F
、
比较结构
more??than
在
more
之后才是重点
,
less??than
在
than
后面的是重点
.
段首出现比较级一般都会出题的。
(二):
四级
一般的阅读方法和做题方法概括四句话:
1
扫读题干关键词<
/p>
2
浏览原文作标记
3
比较
选项得答案
4
迅速排除省力气
其中核心是浏览原文作标记
可以标记的地方:
1
指示性的具体信息
如时间、人物、数字
2
与文章结构有关的中心信
息
包括:主题句
转折词(
but
however <
/p>
yet
出现这几个词的时候一般都会考到)其他标记题号
考试原则:文章首句出现定义或者概念,通常就是主题;
出现转折必会考到,
主题在末
段的可能性接近于零;
任何主题题型只要选项包含细节就直接错误,<
/p>
不管它有大多伟大
按时间
顺序阐述的文章主题通常在首末段,尤其是首段
;
细节题定为原则:细节出现多次,
优先考虑首次定位;原文有个词,再在选项中弄一个与
其相类似的单词作干扰选项。
p>
作词义题的方法:
根据上下文确定同义或反义的关系,
两个动词分不开的时候看主语
doubt
or
challenge
p>
,一般的理科文章只要作者不是骂骂咧咧的,他的口气态度一般都是客观的,出
现连串数字或者年代时常被考到。
流水账文章一般不考主题,一道题答案有疑问时,找特殊位置,找特殊语言现象。这篇文
章给我们的启发是文章中有些句子比其他句子要更加重要一些。重要局:有些句子常被考到位<
/p>
于特殊位置。主要包括三种:
1
)各段首
句
2
)全文末句
3
)文中结论解释句
4
)问句在第一段
首末常有意义,与主题挂钩。其他地方的问句大都是调侃的现场不要老分析它的意思。
一个选项有毛病主要是形容、词副词在作怪。
做那种四个选项哪个是对的题目,注意:
1
)正确答案一般针对全文或者段落主题
2
)通过
排除得到正确答案
细节题题型:
一、做题步骤
1
、根据问题中的关键词回原文定位。关键词包括:
1
)一般为名词或名词词组
2
)优先考虑
的关键词:①专有名词,包括人名和带“”的词②数字、时间③形容词和副词④比较或因果语
< br>言现象
2
仔细阅读包含关键词的句子,在本句、上下句寻找线索。
3
、将包含线索的句子与选项进行比较,对线索句进行
同义替换的为正确答案。同义替换有
三种方式:①关键词替换②正话反说③语言简化
p>
二、按照顺序寻找答案
p>
由于细节题的排列顺序,一般对应原文的叙述顺序,所以一般按顺序寻找答案。
23
24
三、细解题错位的做题方法
列举原则:
①原文连续提
3-4
项叫列举
②列举这种语言现象常与
except
题型相对应
③问
某一段没有提到什么,其他段落的内容通常成为正确答案。
四级
里分散列举比较少。
关于实验型文章:
①在实验型文章中,
通常可以根据问题中的动词定位
②答案基本上按顺
序寻找。
实验型文章包括:
①代表人物
②实验目的
实验目的
=
主题
=1
。
2
段的目的不定式
③实验结
果
有实验结果的句子一般被考到,其他的都是小细节。实验结果一般都是以动词来体现的。实
验型文章的试验目的一般相对确定,多次问试验目的一般都指向同一个结果。
四级
考试中一般有五个表示试验结果的重要动词:
find,
show,
identify,
observe,
notice
一般
看到含有这几个词的句子要注意,通常看后面有没有类似的词出现在问题中;反之,看到
问题中有这几个词的时候要到文章中找这几个词,这些都是近义词。
< br>实验型文章实验目的指向主题或目的不定式:
第一段首末出现转折常与主体挂钩<
/p>
.
文章中没
有主题句时,综合各段首句,
其中共有的词汇为本文的主题词。
问标题的基本思路:①寻找本文的主题词
②注意选项范围的大小(不能过小不能过大)
问题中含有文中的主题词时,正确答案针对段落主题,在主题句中找。在
四级<
/p>
中
when
as
if
这
三个词,在问题中出现一个,
就在原文中找没有
when
就找
as
或者
if,
条件句找条件句。
根据动词词组的副词确定意思,常见的副词有:①
back
向后,阻挡
②
off
脱离③
on
继续
④
down
向下
(三):
文章比较难的学习方法:<
/p>
1
、
先找主题
2
、
学会这一类文章的看法,
这类文章
的共同特点是:
语言难度高,背景较为复杂的文章。出题的方向有:①先看题目②抓重要
和特殊语言现象③段
落的论述通常从两个方面进行。
主题题型
一、有主题句
1
、有主题句时,与主题句相对应的为正确答案
如何找主题
句:主题句具有总结性,一般位于文中三个地方:①全文首句(出现得最多);
②一段末
句,一段末句出现转折或结论时常出现主题;③第二段的一、二句,二段对一段进行
总结
或否定时常出现主题。例如进行总结的文章;进行否定的文章;
In
2
、文中没有主题句时,各段首句相加,其中共有的词汇为本文的主体词,必须出现在主题
题型的正确答案中。
主题
词的特征有:①一般为名词或名词词组;②出现频率较高;③一般位于段落首句。
二、根据语言提示寻找主题
1
、根据文章结构确定主题,常见的结构有:①结论解
释型的文章,结论为主题所在。一般
首句是个判断句或者有态度时就常是结论,尤其是首
句之后紧跟较长的例子或细节时。
②现象解释型的文章,解释
为文章主题所在。——问句出现在一段首末句,问句等于现象。回
答就是主题。③问题解
决方案型文章,解决方案为文章主题。
2001
年
6
月第一篇
2
、文章首句中的主题名词,尤其是主语在后文被重复时,暗示首句为本文的主题句。
p>
三、主题题型的变体
24
25
1
、标题,本文最好的标题:①正确答案对应文章的主题
词;②选项范围要恰如其分;
2000
年
12
月
15
题。
2
、写过目的:①写作目的等于中心思想;②文章
中谈到困难或问题,包含下列动词的选项
优先考虑:
warn,
remind
。
四、主题题型的正误选项的特征
1
、正确选项必须包含文中的主题词;
2
、错误选项主要有两种:①包含细节;②出现了原文
中没有提到的内容。
文章中出现两个对立观点时,作者可
以明确支持其中一派;如果不明确支持其中一派,他的态
度一般是折衷的。
词义题题型
一、返回原文找到被考的词或短语
二、做题方法
①根据上下文确定同义或反义关系
(寻找词性和语法功能相同的词,
根据他们来确定意思)
②根据词根或动词词组的副词判断意义,字面意思或大纲中的第一个意思通常不是答案
例证题题型
1
、
例证题的总原则:
问
一个例子或类比的目的或原因,
答案为该例子前后总结说明性的话。
2
、两种模式:①先总结,后例子答案往前找
;给出例子时常有提示词:
for
example
,for
instance
;②先例
子后总结答案往后找;给出总结时常用提示词:
therefore
thus
等结论性词
汇。
3
、三种情况:①全文性的例子,答案为本文的主题;
②段落性的例子,答案指向段落主题
句,在本段的首末句;③在没有标志词的情况下,问
一个单词例证什么,通常等于问该单词在
句子中的意思;
01-
6-29
例证题和指代题一样,比较干扰选项是比较不出来的,选出正确答案
了就不要看其他的选项了。对于文章写的比较郁闷,作者观点不明确的文章,作者对文中的问
题一般表示关注。
因果原则:
1
、隐性因果:即问题出现因果词,但原文找到的句子没有因果词,一般集中与段落的前两
句;尤其是前一句是因后一句是果。
2
、显性因果:①因果名词(在问题中有因果,在原文中也有因果):
rea
son
result
basis
②因果动词:
base on ,be due to ,
result from , result in
③因果连词或介词:
because,
with, why , for, as
④因果副词:
therefore , thus ,as a
result
在文章中看见因果词就
要想到后面会考到;在选
项中看到因果词,就要想到文中的因果现象。
如果文章中谈
一个现实问题,解决方案一般不够完美,所以涉及解决方案的选项具有以下
特征才是正确
的:①目前解决方案不行;②需要继续寻找解决方案。
2001-6-first
p>
实验型文章实验目的指向主题或目的不定式,对于实验性文章,实验代表人物有了,再看实验
目的,然后是实验结果,凡是与这三点无关的句子都要快读。有时候有的段落没有题,没
有题
的段落出现在选项里常常是干扰选项。选项错误大多跟形容词和副词有关
文章的主题可以用两个方式来表达:①
直接阐述作者的观点;②否定与作者相反、相对立
的观点。
25
26
推理题题型
1
、问题中有线索时,根据线索找到原文相关句,与相
关句意思一致的为正确答案。所以说
不管题目中有
imply
include infer,
只要问题中有一个线索,比如:人名、地名、关键词,就
拿着这些词回原文找和原句一对应,就出来答案。
2
、
infer
题,
一般对应相应段落,
否则对应文章主题。
此类题目一般题干光秃秃的没有什
么线索,
这时我们应该看该题的位置,如果是文章开始,那就对应文章开始;出在
2
、
3
、
4
< br>那
就一般和
234
对应,最多错
一个段落,否则就是对应文章主题;如果在最后的话,那优先对应
文章最后。
3
、推论(
c
onclude
)题:
①为第一题时
,通常对应文章主题;②为
2
、
3
p>
、
4
题时,基本
上
针对文章中间段落;③为最后一道题时,优先对应文章最后部分,有时也针对文章主题。
与主题有关的优先考虑。
第三部分
.
完形填空做题技巧
一、完型填空
(一)做题技巧和步骤
I
.做题步骤:
1
、通读全文,了解文章大意;文章
两种模式:总分、对比;
2
、初选答案(排
除法、优选法)
;
3
、寻找线索;
4
、回头补缺;
5
、核实答案。
II
.出题重点:
1
.词语的辨析:
1
)同义词;
2
)反义词;
3
)形近词;
注:说谎:
lie lied lied lying
躺:
lie lay lain lying
放置,下蛋:
lay laid laid laying
2
.逻辑关系:
1
)列举
/
种属关系:
such…as;
especially;
in
particular;
specifically;
for example;
for instance;
likely;
2
)因果关系:
because
(for);
due
to;
owing
to;
thanks
to;
since;
for;
as;
for
the
reason
that;
seeing
that;
3
)并列
/
递进:
besides;
likewise;
moreover;
also;
too;
what’s more; apart from;
except;
furthermore;
not
noly…but also….;
in
addition;
4
)转折
/
让步关系:
however;
but;
never
the
less;
nonetheless;
whereas;
still;
though;
although;
anyhow;
anyway;
in any case;
yet;
5
)对比关系:
by
contrast;
in
contrast;
by
comparison;
like;
as…as;
on
the
contrary;
conversely;
oppositely;
….than….;
3
.固定结构的识别:提高阅读的速度、对于内容有合理的预期、有利于总体
把握文章:
either…or…;
neither…nor…;
too…to…;
so…that…;
not…until…;
hardly…when…;
no
sooner…than…;
not only…but also…
2
.搭配:
26
27
例如:
a. + n.;
ad. + v.
take
advantage of
?
.;
make use
of
?
.
等;
3
.动词用法:
1
)主谓一致;
2
)时态;
3
)语态;
4
)非谓语动词;
4
.介词用法:
1
)介词与名词;
2
)介词与动词;
3
)介词与形容词;
p>
第四部分
.
写作七类精彩句型
一、比较
advantages far outweigh the
disadvantages.
advantages of A are
much greater than those of B.
3.A may
be preferable to B, but A suffers from the
disadvantages that...
is reasonable to
maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim
that...
all the disadvantages, it has
its compensating advantages.
anything
else, it has its faults.
7.A and B has
several points in common.
8.A bears
some resemblances to B.
r, the same is
not applicable to B.
10. A and B differ
in several ways.
11. Evidently, it has
both negative and positive effects.
12.
People used to think ..., but things are different
now.
13. The same is true of B.
14. Wondering as A is ,it has its
drawbacks.
15. It is true that A ... ,
but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...
二、原因
1.A number of factors are accountable
for this situation.
A number of factors might contribute to
(lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).
2. The answer to this problem involves
many factors.
3. The phenomenon mainly
stems from the fact that...
4. The
factors that contribute to this situation
include...
5. The change in ...largely
results from the fact that...
6. We may
blame ...,but the real causes are...
7.
Part of the explanations for it is that ...
One of the most common
factors (causes ) is that ...
Another contributing factor (cause ) is
...
Perhaps the primary
factor is that
?
But the fundamental cause is that ...
三、后果
1. It may give rise to a host of
problems.
2. The immediate result it
produces is ...
27
28
3. It will
exercise a profound influence upon...
4. Its consequence can be so great
that...
四、批驳
1)It is true that ..., but one vital
point is being left out.
2) There is a
grain of truth in these statements, but they
ignore a more important fact.
3) Some
people say ..., but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the
illusion that...
5) A close examination
would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ...
7) Too much stress placed on ... may
lead to ...
8) Such a statement mainly
rests on the assumption that ...
9)
Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain
that ...
五、举例
1) A good case in point is ...
2) As an illustration, we may take ...
3) Such examples might be given easily.
4) ...is often cited as an example.
六、证明
1) No one can deny the fact that ...
2) The idea is hardly supported by
facts.
3) Unfortunately, none of the
available data shows ...
4) Recent
studies indicate that ...
5) There is
sufficient evidence to show that ...
6)
According to statistics proved by ..., it can be
seen that ...
七
、开篇
1) Many nations have been faced with
the problem of ...
第五部分
.
写作必备模板和句型
(一)综合运用篇
Along
with the advance of the society more and more
problems are brought to our attention, one of
which is that….
随
着社会的不断发展,出现了越来越多的问题,其中之一便是
____________<
/p>
。
As to whether it
is a blessing or a curse, however, people take
different attitudes.
然而,对于此类问题,人们持不同的看法。
Hold different attitudes
持不同的看法(观点、态度)
Come up with different attitudes
有不同的看法
As
soci
ety develops, people are attaching
much importance to….
随着社会的发展,人们开始关注????
People are attaching more and more
importance to the interview during job hunting
28
29
求职的过程中,人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。
As
to
whether
it
is
worthwhile
?
..,
there
is
a
long-running
controversial
debate.
It
is
quite
natural
that
people from different backgrounds may have
divergent attitudes towards it.
关于是否值得<
/p>
___________
的问题,
一直以
来争论不休。
当然,
不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。
In the process of modern urban
development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma.
在都市的发展中,我们往往会陷入困境。
R
ecently the phenomenon has
aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm
that….
最近,这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注,有人开
始担心
______________
。
The
human
race
has
entered
a
completely
new
stage
in
its
history,
with
the
increasingly
rapid
economic globalization and
urbanization, more problems are brought to our
attention.
人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段,经济全球化、都市化的速度
不断加快,随之给我们带来了
很多问题。
??
plays such an
important role that it undeniably becomes the
biggest concern of the present world,
there comes a question, is it a
blessing or a curse?”
______
_
显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题,这是无可厚非的。不过,问题是:
“我们该如何抉择?”
Now we
are entering a new era, full of opportunities and
challenges
现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。
(二)展现问题篇
问题的常用词:
question, problem,
issue
Recently, the issue of …… has
been brought into public focus.
近来,
_______
的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。
Now we are entering a brand
new era full of opportunities and innovations, and
great changes have
taken place in
people’s attitude towards some traditional
practice.
现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭
新时代,
很多人对某些传统的看法也发生了很大改变。
Recently the issue of whether or not
… has been in the limelight and has
aroused wide concern in the
public.
近来,是否
_______
的问题已经非常明
确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。
The issue
whether it is good or not to …. has aroused a
heated discussion all over the country.
______
的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。
At present, some people
thi
nk ….while others claim …Both sides
have their merits.
目前,一些人认为<
/p>
_______
而另一些人则认为
___
____
。其实,两种观点都其可取之处。
People rarely reach an absolute
consensus on such a controversial issue.
对于这种极具争议的话题,我们很难作出绝对的回答。
People from different backgrounds would
put different interpretations on the same case.
不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。
The
controversial
issue
is
often
brought
into
public
focus.
People
from
different
backgrounds
hold
different attitudes
towards the issue.
这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。
不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。
When asked
…, some people think….. while some
prefer…
说到
______<
/p>
,有人认为
________
,而另一些
人则认为
__________
。
Just as the saying goes: “so many
people, so many minds”. It is quite understandable
that views on this
issue vary from
person to person.
俗话说,
“”
。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。
To this issue, different people come up
with various attitudes.
对于这个问题,不同的人持不同的观点。
Those who strongly approve of … have
cogent reasons for it.
29
30
p>
强烈认同
_______
的人有很多原因。
Many people would claim
that…
有人会认为
______
_____
。
People who
support … give some or all of the following
reasons.
那些支持
____
_____
观点的人列出了如下原因:
________
。
But others hold
the view that
?但是,另外一些人则认为
__
_____
。
观点的用词:
Attitude, opinion,
与其搭配的动词以及词组:
Take, have, come
up with
,
set forth, put
forward
等。
But on the other hand, there are also
quite a few people who strongly advocate that..,.
不过,另一方面,也有少部分人坚持认为
__________
_____
。
But people
who are …, on the other hand , maintain
that…
不过,另一方面,
___
_____
的人认为
__________
。
However, there are a
large number of people who hold a different view
concerning this case.
然而,很多人对此有不同的看法。
问题用词:
Issue,
phenomenon
,后接介词
, on,
over
等。
However,
some others argue that
?
然而,另一些人则认为
_________
。<
/p>
However, there are also some
others who contend that...
然而,也有人认为
__________
。
But other people set forth completely
totally different argument concerning this case.
不过,对于此,另一些人则持完全不同的观点。
Some people examine this issue from
another angle.
有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。
On the other hand, there are also many
opponents who strongly …
另一方
面,也有很多反对的人,他们认为
_____________
。
According to my
personality and fondness, I would prefer … rather
than…
根据我的个性以及兴趣,我选择
< br>_______
而不会选择
__________
。
Personally, I side
with the latter (former) opinion…
就我个人而言,我支持后者(前者)
___________
。
Personally, I am in
favor of the former point of view.
就我个人而言,我较同意前一种看法。
To my point of view
我认为
To my mind,
the advantages far overweigh the
drawbacks
(
disadvantages,
shortcomings
)
我认为,优点胜过缺点。
For
my part, I stand on side of the latter opinion
that..
就我而言,我较赞同后一种观点
_______
_________
。
As far
as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side
of the latter view.
在我看来,我较同意后一种观点。
After a thorough consideration, for
my part, I am in favor of the latter
view that…
经过深思熟虑,我较支持后一种看法,
亦即
________________________
。<
/p>
If asked to make a decision,
I would prefer…
如果真的需要作出选择,我
宁愿
____________
。
Taking into consideration both sides of
the issue, I tend to favor the latter view..
比较两种观点进行比较,我较同意后一种观点,亦即
__________
_______
。
When
considering opinions of both sides, I am inclined
to …
对两种观点进行综合考虑之后,我较认同
_________________
。
If it is up to me to make a choice
between … and … I would rather choose …
over…
如果要我在
____
p>
和
____
之间进行选择,我宁愿选择
p>
_____
而不会选择
______
。
30
31
I would have to
say that, if I were faced with the decision, I
would follow ….
我需要说的是,如果要我抉
择,我会
____________
。
At the risk of sounding too direct , I
prefer to…
虽然可能过于直接,不过,我还是选择
____________
。
表达不确定的用词:
May, seem, be
likely to, possible, probably, perhaps, be said
that, be said to
?
p>
第八部分
.
综合技能训练
< br>
倒装句
一、倒装句
1. So +
形容词
+ be +
主词
+ that +
句子(如此?以至于?)
【例】
So precious is time that
we can not afford to waste it.
时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。
这是四级考试作文部分经常用到的一个套句,
也是我们在第一部分要学习的第一种句型
——
倒装句。我们注意到这个句子的谓语动词“
be
”放到的了主语的前面,这种句子成分顺序和标
准句型不一致的句型就是倒
装句。倒装(
The Inversion
)
< br>,一般来说是一种较正式的句型,能
考查考生的英文写作水平。在文章的开头用倒
装句你的文章会因此而添色不少,也是写应试作
文获取高分的亮点之一,所以我们一定要
学会正确地使用它,恰当地用来阐述自己的观点。
2
、
adj. + as +
Subject
(主词)
+ be, S. + V. +
?(虽然?)
【例】
Rich as our country is,
our quality of life is by no means satisfactory.
p>
虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质却不是令人满意的。
v by no means = in no way = on no
account
一点也不
3. On
no account can we + V. +
?(我们绝对不能?)
【例】
On no account can we
ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
4<
/p>
、倒装有两种。将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(
co
mplete
inversion
)
。
【例】
Then began a bitter war
between the two countries.
于是两国之间开始了恶<
/p>
战。只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(
partial
inversion
)
。
At
no
time can
the entrance be left unguarded.
入口需要随时有人把守。
二、四级必考句型
(1)
Among the disadvantages that may bring to
are that + S. + V., making
+ n. + adj.
【分析】有时候,为了强调“介词
+
宾语”结构,我们把它置于句首,此时句子需要全部
倒装,在本句中我们把谓语动词“
are
”放在了主语结构“
that<
/p>
?”的前面。
Among the
disadvantages that cars may bring to
our lives are that we could spend more time in
traffic jams and we would likely spend
more money on operation and maintenance fees,
making our schedules tighter and our
pockets lighter!
(2) With these steps,
we can change our society into one out of which
comes the
possibility that
【分析】句中的定语从句“
out of which
comes the
possibility
?”是完全倒装句。
With
these
steps,
we
can
change
our
society
into
one
out
of
which
comes
the
possibility
that
31
32
natural resources will be fully
cherished.
(3) There is a real
possibility that , should there be a .
【分析】
Should
there
be
a
?是省略
if
并部分倒装的将来时虚拟条件句。
还原后为:
If
there
should
be
a
?
There
is
a
real
possibility
that
we
can
solve
this
problem
completely,
should there be
cooperation among all parties involved.
(4)
never,
hardly,
seldom,
rarely,
not,
until
?,
scarcely,
in
no
case
(不管怎样也不)
,
in no
way
(不管怎么也不)
,
by no
means
(决不)
,
on no a
ccount
(不论什么原因也不)
,
at
no
time
(无论什么时候
也不)等否定词放在句首时,句子要倒装。
By
no
means
shall
we
cease to protect our environment.
(5) It was very late. Exhausted though
she was, there was no hope of her being able
to fall asleep.
【分析】从属连词
as
和
though
< br>也可以用于让步状语从句中。这种从句必须以形容词(或形
容词化的分词)
、名词或动词原形开头,主句必须位于从句之后。
1) Small as a bicycle is, it can bring
a lot of convenience to our lives.
2) Foolish though he looks, he always
seems to make the wisest proposals.
(他看
起
来样子傻傻的,可似乎总是能提出最聪明的建议。
)
3) Try as you may, you will
never succeed.
(你尽管可以试,但决不会成功)
。
三、练习
A
、翻译
1.
至于计算机化的影响,没有什么地方比银行能更清楚地看
到其成果。
2.
要不是来自政府的
及时投资,我们的公司不会像现在这样繁荣昌盛。
3.
只是过了一年,我就开始看到我工作的成绩。
4.
该组织没有违反规章,但是它也没有负责任地认真工作。
5.
几乎每个月都有消息报道调查中国公民中科学教育文盲问
题的严重性。
6.
打算离婚的父母
没有很好地培养孩子应对将要到来的危机的能力,
他们也没有向孩子们作出
很有必要的保证:会有人照顾你们的。
7.
虽然他聪明机智,也觉得解决这个问题很难。
8.
她不仅学习刻苦,而且很有礼貌。
9.
树下坐着的人,是我见过的最高大的人之一。
10.
只有当研究者获得充分的数据,他们才能得出一个正确的结论。
【参考答案】
1.
As
for
the
influence
of
computerization,
nowhere
have
we
seen
the
results
more
clearly
than in the bank.
2. Had it not been for the timely
investment from the government, our company would
not be thriving as it is.
3. Only after a year did I begin to see
the results of my work.
4. The
organization had broken no rules, but neither had
it acted responsibly.
5. Hardly a
month goes by without word of another survey
revealing new depths of
scientific
illiteracy among Chinese citizens.
6.
Parents
planning
to
divorce
do
not
sufficiently
prepare
their
children
for
the
coming
crisis, nor do they
provide them with the necessary assurances that
they will be
cared for in the
aftermath.
7.
Clever
and
resourceful
though
he
was,
he
found
more
than
a
little
difficulty
solving
the problem.
32
33
8. Not only was
she a hard worker, but she was also very polite.
9. Under a tree was sitting one of the
biggest men I had ever seen.
10. Only
when the researchers have obtained sufficient data
can they come to a sound
conclusion.
B.
改错
1.
Scarcely
they
had
settled
themselves
in
their
seats
in
the theatre
when
the
curtain
went
up.
2. Under no circumstances we should
do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm
the interests of the state.
3.
Not
until
an
infant
hedgehog
(刺猬)
opens
its
eyes
it
leaves
its
nest
to
follow
its
mother about.
4.
Down
jumped
was
the
burglar
from
the
tenth
floor
when
the
policeman
pointed
his
pistol
at
him.
5. Most of his classmates agree
with the opinion that bad as he is,but he has his
good
points.
6. Not until
have I passed the examination will I be able to go
out
to parties.
7. Not only
the student disturb the authority of the older
generation he can threaten
the social
system as a whole.
8. No fewer than one
thousand people did come here to attend the
competition.
9. We had hardly arrived
when does she started crying to go home.
10. No sooner had he drunk the coffee
when he began to feel drowsy.
【参考答案】
1. they
had
—
had they
2.
we should
—
should we
3. it
leaves
—
does it leave
4.
去掉
was
5.
去掉
but
6. have
I
—
I have
7.
only
后加
does
8. did come
—
came
9.
去掉
does
10.
when
—
than
四、伟人伟招
1.
英勇无畏式
Nothing in
life is to be feared. It is only to be understood.
(Marie Curie)
生活中没有什么可怕的东西,只有需要理解的东西。
p>
(居里夫人)
【点评】
< br>这句话可用于提出问题的解决方法,
比如说关于
“
global
shortage
of
fresh
water
”
,
在提到如何应对时,不妨说:
Famous
scientist Marie Curie once said,
“
Nothing in life
is to be feared; it is only to be
understood.
”
In the same
ways, once we understand
the
causes
of
this
phenomenon,
we
can
confidently
believe
that
we
will
solve
the
problem
with the following
means.
2.
热情无限式
A man can
succeed at almost anything for which he has
unlimited enthusiasm.(C. M.
Schwab)
只要有无限的热情,一个人几乎可以在任何事情上取得成功。
(施瓦布
)
【点评】用法和上句类似。
3.
理想远大式
33
34
The important thing in life is to have
a great aim, and also the determination to
attain it.
(Goethe)
< br>人生重要的在于确立一个伟大的目标,并有决心使其实现。
(歌德)
【点评】我们可以从歌德的话语里面,学到一个很好的句型:
p>
The
important
thing
is
to
?
,
不妨进一步学一个四级里面另两个更受欢迎的句型:
(1)
Nothing is + (adj).er than to + V.
+
?
Nothing
is
+
more
+
形容词
+
than
to
+
V.
+
?
【例】
Nothing
is
more
important
than to receive education.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
(2) What a +
adj. + n. + S. +
V.!= How + adj. + a +
n. + V.!
(多么?!
)
What an important thing it is to keep our
promise! How important a thing it is
to keep our
promise!
遵守诺言是多么重要的事!
五、实践与提高
用下列给出的句型造句:
1.
The narrator may be right
about
?
, but he neglects to
mention he fact that
?
2. As opposed to widely held beliefs,
I believ that
?
3. Although many people believe
that
?
, I doubt whether the
argument holds up to much
analysis .
4. The advantages of B outweigh any
benefit we could gain from A.
5.
Although it is commonly held
that
?
, it is unlikely
that
?
6.
There is an element of truth in this argument ,
but it ignores a deeper and more
basic fact that
?
7. It is true that
?
, but that is not to say
that
?
8. The
main problem with this argument is that it is
ignorant of the basic fact
that
?
9. It
would be natural to think
that
?
, but it would be
absurd to claim that
?
10.
In
all
the
discussion
and
debate
over
?
,
one
important
fact
is
generally
overlooked
强调句
一、强调句精彩套句展示
It
is universally acknowledged that +
句子(全世界都知道?)
是
一个在四级作文里面用来阐述观点的经典句型,用词也很出色。
It is universally acknowledged that
trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道<
/p>
树木对我们是不可或缺的。
It is
?
that +
句子?构成强调句型(
The Emphatic
Pattern
)
英语常用的强调结构是“
It
is/was+
被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)
+ who<
/p>
(
that
)?”
。
一般说来,被强调部分指人时,用
who
< br>;指事物时,用
that
;在美国英语中指事物时常用<
/p>
which
来代替
that
。
与之类似的常用句型还有:
It is conceivable that +
句子(可想而知的)
It
is obvious that +
句子(明显的)
It is apparent that +
句子(显然的)
It is
conceivable that knowledge plays an important role
in our life.
可想而知,
知识在我们的一生中
扮演一个重要的角色。
二、语法精讲
1.
简介
34
35
(1)
一般情况用
It is
(was)
?
that (who)
?
,指人时,用
who
;指物时,用
th
at
。
< br>我们分别可以强调主语、宾语、表语、时间状语和地点状语等。如:
He read three books in the library
yesterday.
(正常句子)
It was he who read three books in
the library yesterday.
(强调主语)
It was three books that he read in
the library yesterday.
(强调宾语)
It was in the library that he read
three books
yesterday.
(强调地点状语)
(2)
强调状语或定语时,只用
that
,不用
when
、
where
,如:
It is at 5
o
’
clock that the train will
arrive.
(3)
被强调的部分是主
语时,注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。如:
It is he who is late.
It is they who were late.
(4)
一般疑问句的强调句为“
Is (was) it + tha
t
?
?
”
;特
殊疑问句为:
“特殊疑问词
+ is
(was) +it +that
?
?
”结构。如:
Was it ten years ago that his father
died?
(他的父亲是十年前去世的吗?)
When is it that you will set
off?
(你到底什么时候出发?)
(5)
“
not
?
until
?”句型的强调结构为“
It
is
not
un
til
?
that
?”应注意把否定词
not
转移到
until
前面。如:
I
didn
’
t go home until the
rain stopped.
(直到雨停了我才回家)
。
强调句为:
It was not until the
rain stopped that I went home.
I didn
’
t know the news until
yesterday.
(直到昨天我才知道那个消息)
强调句为:
It was not until
yesterday that I knew the news.
2.
四级必考套句学习
(1) It is the responsibility of
to do sth.
【分析】注意,从
形式上看该句子很像强调句型,而实际上并非如此,因为句中
it
是形式
主语,动词不定式作实际主语。
It
is
the
responsibility
of
every
citizen
in
our
society
to
do
his
utmost
to
protect
the
environment.
(2)
It
is the , I suppose, that havehas given rise
to
.
【分析】
该强调句型强调句子主语,
I
suppose
作为插入语。
这是一个
很好掌握的四级长句,
在作文中需要分析原因时,可以用它阐述自己的看法。
It is the
tighter job market, I suppose, that has given rise
to the increase in
the number of
unemployed college students in China.
(3) It is only when that
.
【分析】强调句型强调
< br>when
引导时间从句。
It
is
only
when
you
nearly
lose
someone
that
you
become
fully
conscious
of
how
much
you value him.
三、练习与进步
A.
翻译
1.
直到最后一刻,我才得知事情的传闻。
2.
他是否接受我的观点,我并不在乎。
3.
我不应干预此类事。
4.
在拥挤的公交车上抽烟,是不礼貌的行为。
5.
爱迪生是位真正的天才,这是不容置疑的。
35
36
6.
直到他走进教室,才意识到忘了做家庭作业。
7.
在我们家,饭前洗手是每个人的习惯。
8.
一个人应该精读一门,博览各科。
9.
她觉得回复这封信,是她应尽的责任。
10.
大多数年轻人都认为过轻松不用努力的生活是
最好的,这是令人遗憾的事。
【参考答案】
1. It was at the eleventh hour that
I got wind of what was going on.
2. It does not matter whether he accepts my
opinions or not.
3. It is not
my place to interfere in such affairs.
4. It is impolite behavior to smoke
in a crowded bus.
5. It is
undeniable that Edison was a genius in the truest
sense of the word.
6. It was
not until he entered the classroom that he
realized he had forgotten to
do the
homework.
7. In our home it is
a rigid rule for each person to wash his hands
before eating.
8. It is wise to
read everything about something and something
about everything.
9. She felt
it incumbent upon her to answer the letter at
once.
10.
It is
to be regretted
that the majority of young people
should look upon an
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
< br>.
effortless life as the highest
good.
B.
改错
1. It is she which I think is the
most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
2. There is
an old saying which says,
“
Great oaks from little
acorns
grow.
”
3. It is in the park which
they
’
ll take a picnic.
4. It is
believed which the earliest feature of chronic
bronchitis is
excessive
secretion from the mucous glands and goblet call.
5. It is one of his peculiarities
that no incident ever happens to him
that without teaching him some
valuable lesson.
6. It is an
error to suppose which the public is indifferent
or unable
to understand the
problems of religion and philosophy.
7. It is wrong to accuse a person
of a crime that you have evidence
that he may be guilty.
8. It be
reasonable to receive extra pay for extra work.
9. It is very difficult that you
haven
’
t sufficient data to
solve the
problem.
【参考答案】
1.
which
—
who
2. which
—
that
3.
which
—
where
4.
which
—
that
5.
去掉
him
后面的
that
6. which
—
that
7.
that
—
unless
8. be
—
is
9.
that
—
when
四、伟人伟招
1.
百折不挠式
We
must
accept
finite
disappointment,
but
we
must
never
lose
infinite
hope.
(Martin
Luther King, Jr.)
我们必须接受失望,因为它是有限的,但千万不可失去
希望,因为它是无穷的。
(马丁·路
36