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人教版八年级英语下册Unit-1--Unit-3-单元知识点归纳

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2021-02-07 22:29
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2021年2月7日发(作者:january怎么读)



Unit 1 What’s the matter?



知识点总结



I.


基本知识点



1. What’s the matter (with you)?



怎么了?出什么事了?



What’s



the trouble/ the problem / wrong


with


sb./ sth.?


2. I had a cold.


我感冒了。



have


a


cold=catch


a


cold=have


the


a


flu





















have


fever

















have a cough


咳嗽


have a stomachache


胃疼,肚子疼









have a toothache


牙疼

















have a headache


头疼



3.


身体部位


+ache


(疼痛)构成新的复合词



stomach+ache=stomachache





head+ache=headache




tooth+ache=toothach


e






back+ache=backache


后背痛


4. much too+





,意为











too much+












意为



















5. enough


【形容、副词】足够的


/


地,


enough


放在名前后,形副后。



good enough


足够好,


enough money=money money


6.



lie down


躺下,



lie

< p>
躺,躺着,过去式


lay


,过去分词



lie


说谎,过去式


li ed


,过去分词



lay


,过去式



,过去分词



7. maybe


“或许”,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子。


Maybe you are right.


may be


,是情态动词


+be


的结构,意为“可能,也许”,后加名词、代词或形容词 。


He


may be angry.


8.



sound

< br>like+








< br>句



It


sounds


like


you


don’t


know


the


truth.




















sound+

形容词,“听起来,好像”,


The music sounds nice.


9. need


需要,实义动词


ne ed+


名词,需要某物;






need to do sth.


需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作:





You need to listen carefully during class.





need


doing


sth.






< br>物











Your


dirty


clothes


need



washing.


10. get off (the bus)


下(公交车)



get on


上车



11.


agree











事< /p>






















































































12.



trouble





< br>烦




be


in


trouble

































make


trouble



























have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.


have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth.


13.


right


away=right


now=at


once









































14.







advice



[







]









< br>征













































give


sb.


advice


on


sth.


就某事给某人建议;



advise


[


动词


]


advise


sb.


to


do


sth.


















advise


doing




























































.


15.


【复习】


exercise


动词意为

























可数时意为
































不可数


时意为


































16.


hurt


及物动词,使……疼痛,……受伤,


He


hurt


his


leg


while


exercising.

















不及物 动词,


……


(部位)


疼。





His


leg


hurt


badly.


17.



clean




























clean


the






classroom
















































cleaner

















18. hit



(用手或器具)打;击打




The boy hit the dog with a stone.








hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back


打某人的头、鼻子、后背,


on


用在所


打较硬的部位;

< p>








hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach


打某人的脸、眼睛、 肚子,


in



在所打较软的部位。



19.


be


used to sth./


doing sth.


习惯于、适应了……、做某事,强调状态;


His


grandpa was used to country life.








Mary is not used to


getting


up early in the morning.








get/


become


used


to


sth./


doing


sth.


“变得习惯,逐渐适应……”


强调过程、动作:It’s


difficult


for


one


to


get


used


to


another


country’s


habit.





20.


【复习】


free [


形容词


]


空闲的


free time


;免费的


the drink is for free


;自


由的


I want to become a free bird.


be free to do







free


【动词】使……解脱,得到 自由


He could not free his arm.


free from


21. run out


用完,用尽



When his water run out, he knew that he would have to


do something to save his own life.



sth. tun out.


某物用尽了。







sb. run out of



sth..


人 用尽了某物。


He run out of all his money last night.


22.



risk sth to do sth.


冒着


...

< br>的风险去做某事




take a risk=take risks





risk doing ...=take the risk of doing ...




23.


the


importance


of


(doing)


sth.


(做)某事的重要性




We


students


should


know


the importance of (learning) English.








importance




n.



重要(性),




important



adj.


重要的,


unimportant


adj.


24.



decision



【名词】决定;抉择;





make a decision to do sth.


decide


25. be in the control of …掌管,管理




The headmaster is in the control of


this new school.








be out of control


无法控制,无法管理






be under control


被控


制住,在控制之中



26.


【复习】


mind

< p>
意为



介意





Would you mind my opening the window?


27. give up (doing) sth.


放弃(做)某事,


give up (playing) computer games



give up


后可接名 词、代词和动词


ing


形式,也可不接,如


Never give up easily.



II.


重点短语



1. have a fever


发烧


2. have a cough


咳嗽


3. have a toothache





4. talk too much


说得太多


5. drink enough water


喝足够的水



6. have a cold


受凉


;


感冒


7. have a stomachache


胃疼



8. have a sore back


背疼


9. have a sore throat


喉咙痛



10. lie down and rest


躺下来休息


11. hot tea w ith honey


加蜂蜜的热茶



12. see a dentist


看牙医


13. get an X-ray



X


光片



14. take one’ s temperature



量体温


15. put some medicine on sth.


在……


上面敷药



16. feel very hot


感到很热


17. sound like


听起来像


18. all weekend



个周末



19. in the same way



以同样的方式


20. go to a doctor


看医生


21. go


along


沿着……走



22. on the side of the road


在马路边


23. shout for help


大声呼救



24. without thinking twice


没有多想


25. get off


下车


26. have a heart




problem


有心脏病



27.


to


one’


s


su


rprise


使


.......


惊讶的


28.


thanks


to


多亏了



;由于


29.


in time


及时



30.


save


a


/one’s



life


挽救生命


lose


one's


life 31.


get


into


trouble



成麻烦



32.


right


away


立刻;马上


33.


because


of


由于


34.


get


out


of


离开

< br>;


从……


出萍



35. hurt oneself


受伤


36. put a bandage on sth.


用绷带包扎



37. fa ll down


摔倒


38. feel sick


感到恶心


39. have a nosebleed


流鼻




40. cut his knee


割伤他的膝盖


41. put her head back


把她的头向后仰



42. have problems breathing


呼吸困难


43. mountain climbing


登山运动



44. be used to doing sth.


习惯做某事


45. run out (of)


用完


;


用尽



46. so that


以便


47. so. . . that


如此… …以至于…



48. be in control of


掌管


;


管理


49. in a difficult situation


在闲境屮



50. keep on doing sth.


继续或坚持做某事


51. make a decision


做出决定



52. take risks


冒险


53. give up


放弃



III.


重点语法



【反身代词】


英语中共有八个反身代词,


在使用时应注 意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、


性别、数上保持一致。











单数



复数




【用法】



1.



可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主 语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。





Maria


bought


herself


a


第一人称



第二人称



第三人称



himself



herself



i


tself


themselves


myself


ourselves


yourself


yourselves




scarf.

































We must look after ourselves very well.



2.



可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。






如:



She isn’t quite herself today.



3.



可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。





She


herself


will


fly


to


London


tomorrow.



























I met the writer himself last week.



4.



用在某些固定短语当中。



如:



look after oneself / take care of oneself


照顾自己




teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself


自学


enjoy oneself


玩得高兴,过


得愉快





help


oneself


to


sth


请自用……


(随便吃


/

喝些……)


.


hurt


oneself


摔伤自己





say to oneself


自言自语



leave sb. by oneself


把某人单独留下





buy oneself sth.


给自己买……东西


introduce oneself


介绍……自己




【提醒】


1.


反身代词不能单独做主语,


但可以做主语的同位语,


起强调 作用。



如:


我自己能完成作业。



(误)


Myself can finish my homework.





(



)



I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.


2.



反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”,因为它 没有所有格的形


式。表达“某人自己的(东西)”时,须要用


o ne’s own.





如:我用我自己的蜡笔画画。(误)I’m drawing with myself crayons.





(



)



I’m drawing with my own crayons.



Unit2


单元总结



Ⅰ.词形



give-- g


a


ve-- give


n





make-- m


a


de-- m


a


de


come-- c


a


me-- c


o


me



put--p


u


t-- p


u


t


set-- s


e


t-- s


e


t break-- broke--


broken


take-- t


oo


k-- take


n



understand --underst


oo


d-- underst


oo


d




strong-- strong


ly





feel-- feel


ing




own--own


er



able--


dis


able


d


--


un


able


difficult-- difficult


y



differ en


t


--differen


ce



kind--kindness



train-- train


ing


--trainer



Ⅱ.词组



1. clean up




4. call sb. up (= make a telephone call to sb.)


给某人打


5. give out = hand out


分发,发放



6. give away


捐赠;赠送


7. give up


放弃


8. tell sb. about/of sth


告诉某


人关于某事



9. in an after-school study program


在课外辅导活动中


10. make a plan = plan



定计划



11. from now (on)


从现在起


12. make some notices


发通知,发布通告



13.


come up with…



提出,想出


14.


in an old people’s home



在敬老院



15.


help out with …



帮忙解决某事


16. read the newspaper to the old people



老年人读报



17. tell me the stories about the past


给我讲关于过去的故事



18.


used


to


do


sth.


过去常常做某事;曾经


19.


care


for


=


take


care


of


=


look


after



照顾,关爱



清扫,打扫


2. cheer up


(使)振作起来,高兴起来


3. put up


20. one day


(过去或将来的)某一天


21. some day


(将来)总有一天



22. get his future dream job


得到他理想中的工作


23. hard work


艰苦的工作



24. work hard


努力工作


25. such a strong feeling of satisfaction


如此强烈的


满足感



26. get better


康复


27. the look of joy


on their owner’s faces


主人脸上快乐


的表情



28. at the age of


在…岁时


29. try out


for…



参加…选拔


30.


a


dream


come


true


梦想成真



31. at the same time


同时


32. put off


推迟,延期


33. be busy with sth.


忙于




某事



34. be busy doing sth.


忙于做某事


35. worry about = be worried about


担心…



36. make money = earn money


赚钱


37.


raise money for…为…捐钱



38. in the free time


在闲暇之余


39. run out of


用完



40. take after = be similar to = look/be like


像…


41. fix up


修理,修缮



42.


not … any more = no more


不再


43. write to sb.


给某人写信



44. feel/be lonely


感到孤独


45. a lonely village


一个偏僻的小乡村



46. travel alone (=


by oneself


=


on one’s own


)


独自旅行


47. set up


建立,


创立



48. make it adj. for sb. to do sth.


残疾人



50.


make a big difference to …对…有很大影响


51. make no difference to


对…


没有影响



52. answer the telephone




53. a friend of mine = one of my friends


我的一个朋友(双重所有格)



54. be excited abo


ut…对…感到兴奋


55. at once = right away=



立刻,





56. send sb. sth = send sth. to sb.


心的祝福



58. be strong in = do well in = be good at


擅长做某事



59. work out fine


产生好的结果;成功



60. in need


务做某事



重要语言点



1.


not only … but (also) …



不但…



而且…



用来连接两个并列的成分



(1)


引导以



not only …but (also)…



开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。



因此



⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)….



是倒装句。 也是说得要把前面的


句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如:



有需要地


61. decide to do


决定做某事


62. volunteer to do



寄(送)给某人某物


57. best wishes



使某人做某事…


49. disabled people








Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best.

< br>我不仅能做到而且做得最


好。






Not onl


y…but (also)…



接两主语时,谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变




也就是就近原则如:






Not only Lily but (also) you like cat.


不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。






Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat.


不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。



常见的就近原则的结构有:



①Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不


)Neither you nor I like him.



②Either… or…



不是…就是… (两者中的一个


)Either Lily or you are a student.


③Not only …but (also)…




There/Here be



... or...


2. join


参加



(


指参加团体、组织


)



如:


join the Party


入党






take part in


参加



(


指参加活动


)



如:


take part in sports meeting



加运动会



3. run out




run out of





run out (become used up). < /p>


其主语往往为物。如时间,食物,金钱,油等,




身就含有被动意义。








His money soon ran out.


他的钱很快就花光了。








My patience has completely run out.


我没有一点耐心了。








Our time is running out.


我们剩下的时间不多了。






run out of


主语为人,表示主动含义。






He is always running out of money before pay day.


他总 是在发工资的日


子还没有到就把钱花完了。






两者在一定条件下可以互换





如:


The petrol is running out.


汽油快用完了



= We are running out of petrol.


我们快把汽油用完了。



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