-
英语中级听力参考答案
Answer
Keys to Listen to This: 2
Lesson 16
Section One: Men and Women
III. Exercises:
A.
1. F
2. F
3. F
4. T
B.
(1) --- (d, i,
m);
(2) --- (a, c, e, j,
l);
(3) --- (h);
(4) --- (f);
(5)
--- (b, g);
(6)
--- (k);
C.
1.
all her up about, your side of
2. for
sale
3. house-trained, reasonably
trained, two years, two weeks, needs training,
within
4. 25p, all a man was worth
5. staring me in the face, blew me top
6. blamed me for
7. egged
her on
8. came off, barged into
9. blown over, a world of good
Section Two:
Task 1: The
Suffragette Movement
A.
1. c
2. a
3. a
4.b
B.
1. She would
feel highly insulted.
2. They got the
right to vote and some of them became members of
the Parliament.
3. They have been useful in
helping women in their jobs in other vocations.
4.
She didn
’
t want to vote.
5.
She feels all right joining men in their world of
work and sport. But she is happy to
leave politics to men.
C.
1. approve of
2. a good laugh
3. In the
long term
4. interfered with, a few
boos and there, clapping
5. different
to, at their own job
6. a great thrill
on the race track
Task 2: Sex
Discrimination
A.
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. F
6. F
B.
1. sit under,
fall off, got to stand up
2. being
discriminated against, at least to some extent
3. proved wrong, removes, valid grounds
for
4. stamp it out
5. a
great shame, go round
Section Three:
Recognizing the Main Idea:
1.
Reading for a
particular purpose
2.
Why does a student come to the library
3.
Writing is the
most difficult skill
4.
How to write a correct sentence
5.
Simplicity ---
a quality much admired
6.
Participating in group discussions
Lesson 17
Section One:
Task 1: News in Brief
A.
1. c
2. a
3. a
4. b
5. b
6. c
B.
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. F
6. F
C.
(1) --- (g, o, p);
(2) --- (d, h, n);
(3) --- (c, i);
(4) --- (e, g);
(5) --- (b, f, m);
(6) --- (a, k, q);
(7) --- (l);
Task 2: Old Age
and Health
A.
1.
a
2. c
3. a
B.
1. becoming
senile, very few people
2. 15 %, over
65,
3. 80 %, over 65, at least
4. watch out for
5. immune
system, to decline, lungs, the senses, the brain,
skin
6. benefit more from, the eldly
Section Two:
Task 1: At a Small Restaurant
A.
(1) c
(2) b
(3) a
(4) a
B.
(1) F
(2) T
(3) F
(4) T
(5) T
(6) F
(7) T
(8) F
(9) T
C.
(1) He has
trouble finding good, reliable domestic staff for
his restaurant.
(2) Because more and
more organizations wanted to see his
demonstration.
(3) He wanted to combine
the demonstration with a permanent establishment.
(4) He decided to choose this remote
place because he wanted to have a restaurant for
those who love peace and quiet and
beautiful scenery and who also appreciate good
food.
Task 2: The Tree
Climbers of Pompeii
A.
1. A man was half way up the tree.
2. Ruins.
3. To collect pine
cones.
4. The processed them into some
sauce which is used in Italian cooking.
5.
No.
The
foreman
bought
a
licence
from
the
State
for
the
right
to
go
round
places
collecting pine cones.
6.
The tree climbers.
B.
1. halfway up this tree, his hands, his
feet, 20 or 30 feet up
2. more or less,
a rather middle-aged monkey, of 50
3.
extremely sought after, in the food industry
4. good at, um recognizing, ready, a
bit hard
5. sit around, fell down
Section Three:
Recognizing
the Main Idea:
1.
Expressing neutrality after being
nominated
2.
Making a promise of what to do when
elected the President
3.
We should go to the moon.
4.
Commemorating
a person
5.
The
problem of the black people should be considered
6.
Why I want to
resign.
Lesson 18
Section
One: Energy Crisis
A.
1. b
2. b
3. a
4. c
5. c
B.
Pros:
a.
It is the only alternative when fossil
fuel is running out.
b.
It can produce electricity for our
daily use.
c.
Working at a nuclear power station is
far safer than working down a coal-mine or
on a North Sea oil-rig.
d.
It can create
its own fuel and burn its waste.
Cons:
a.
Nobody can imagine what will happen if there is a
nuclear accident.
b. Radioactivity causes
cancer and may affect future generations.
c.
There is no technology for absolutely safe
disposal of nuclear waste.
d. Terrorists could hold
the nation to ransom if they captured a reactor.
e.
Nuclear energy is expensive, dangerous, evil, and
most of all, absolutely unnecessary.
C.
1. 450 years,
50 years, oil, 30 years
2. go back to
the Stone Age, turn our backs on
3.
active for thousands of years
4. 25
years, 26
‘
retired
’
reactors
5. the sun, the
waves, the wind, survive unless, working on,
6. and there are a lot of
them about, none of us, at night
7.
in
the
short-
term;
rely
on;
oil,
coal
and
gas;
conservation
of
present
resources;
research into new forms of power
Section Two:
Task 1: The
Years to Come (I)
A.
1.b
2.a
3.c
4.a
5.c
6.b
B.
1.T
2.F
3.T
4.F
5.F
6.T
7.T
8.F
C.
1. 216,000;
ninety percent; in the poorest countries
2. at least, alternative sources of
energy
3. Due to, half of the
population
4. species, the loss of
their habitat
5. within five or ten
years, save the earth
Task 2: The Years
to Come (II)
A.
1. A space station to be launched
towards the end of the 1990s.
2. No,
eleven other nations have agreed to contribute a
few of the station
’
s many
parts.
3. In the space.
4.
Eight.
5. A dream that has been
cherished for 120 years --- a colony in space.
6. Because they want to use the space
station to discover how to establish healthy and
productive habitation in space.
B.
a. a room for
each crew member
b. a shower
c. a toilet
d. exercise
equipment
e. a washing machine
f. a pantry
g. a sick bay
h. a television set
i. video
j. a telephone
k. a computer
C.
1. celestial
body, a shining star, 38 degrees north or south of
the equator
2. Twenty trips, two
rockets, piece by piece, a low orbit
3.
250 miles above the Earth, bolt together, many
components, batch of parts, in 1995
Section Three:
Recognizing
the Main Idea:
1.
I shall return.
2.
Hoping for a
country of equality
3.
Commemorating a person
4.
I
won
’
t send you to any
foreign wars.
5.
Why I resign
6.
I
’
m innocent of
the charges against me.
Lesson 19
Section one
Task 1:
A: 1. a
2. c
3. c
B:
1.
to
live and relax in, living in the cramped little
houses and flats, the Second World War
2.
are growing
up, and very small children demand a room of their
own
3.
may demand
an extra room to treat their friends privately
4.
restaurant
and
transport,
people
are
beginning
to
entertain
and
dine
at
home,
which
requires a larger
dinning room
C:
1.
a. situated in
the business heart of the city so quiet and fairly
free from traffic in the
evenings.
b. several theaters opened recently
c. suitable for those who like living
high up since accommodation being situated mostly
is tower blocks
2. a.
favored mostly by upper middle class families who
prefer a detached house.
b. a walled garden surrounding the
house and ensuring privacy
3. a.
suitable for those who are not interested in
gardening
b.
grand mansions to be chosen
c. a wonderful view of the
Thames
d. only
a few minutes away from
London
’
s theaters and shops
Task 2:
A:
1.
She is the
First Lady of Jazz, the greatest blues singer the
world has ever before.
2.
To learn dancing. But she failed.
3.
All by
accident. A pianist discovered her talent.
4.
no,
at
first
she
had
to
learn
a
lot
to
because
a
professional
musician;
then
she
has
to
know a lot about the
public and changing fashions in order to keep her
top position.
5.
She chooses what she wants to sing.
Anything she does sing is a part of her life.
6.
She feels she
has always been her true self in her music. And
she
’
s singing from deep
down inside herself.
B: 1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. F
6. 6
7. T
8.T
C:
1.
slower, lighter, how I feel, the same
way twice, a mixed up sort of thing.
2.
stay at the
top, out of work, back on the streets, you started
from
3.
up to a
point.
4.
made a
fortune from my music, any damn thing
Section two:
Task 1: Setting
up a home computer
A: 1. b
2. a
3. c
4. a
B: 1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5.F 6. T
Task 2:
My computer makes me sick
A: 1. c
2. a
3. c
4. b
B:
1.
NO, but
statistic figures at least suggest that there is a
cause of alarm.
2.
The
terminal
should
be
placed
where
there
is
another
source
of
light;
no
blank
wall
behind the terminal so
that the operator has a chance to rest from time
to time, get up
regularly and walk
about the room.
3.
Those who use computers for interest or
pleasure in their own homes.
4.
a.
constipation because of long hours spend in
sedentary inactivity;
b. backache due
to crouching over an inconveniently positioned key
board
c. a general sense of fatigue
owing to having puzzled over a problem for longer
than
was sensible.
5.
The condition
worsened.
6.
Because of the electrostatic field of
the video screen attracting dust from the
atmosphere,
which irritates exposed
skin.
7.
A
generation
of
short-sighted,
constipated,
hunched
migraine
sufferers
with
skin
problems and
circulatory troubles.
C:
1.
there is an
alternative source of light from that of the
screen.
2.
frequently, if possible, by looking at
something in the distance to give them a change
from the close focus used on the
screen.
3.
the screen is properly tuned, for a
shaky or fuzzy image can cause nausea or
headaches.
4.
and
working
area
are
so
designed
that
you
are
sitting
in
a
comfortable
position,
not
screwed up or bent over.
5.
regularly and
walk about the room. Better go out into the fresh
air occasionally.
D:
1. working capacity, intellectual
capacity, dangers, benefits
2. the UK,
800 pregnant women, computer terminals, a major
part, no less than 36%, severe
abnormality
3. control
group, the same age, computer terminals, severe
abnormalities, 16%
Section three: note-
taking (omitted)
Section III
Study skills: Note-taking 3
Main ideas and Supporting Details:
A.
Suggested
Abbreviations:
heart disease: heart
dis.
especially: esp.
responsibility: respty.
cholesterol: chol.
similarity: simty.
hostility: hosty.
Cigarette: cigat.
difference: diffr.
exercise: ex.
financial: finan.
B.
The main idea and supporting details of
each paragraph you
’
ve heard.
1.
Main
idea
: companions to heart dis.
Supporting details
: a. high
level of fat and chol in the diet
b.
cigat. Smoking
c. physical inactivity
d. over weight
e. high blood
pressure
1.
Main
idea
: Bert
’
s life
after work
Supporting
details
: a. physical ex.
b.
reading
(1) history
(2) historical novels
c.
gardening
d. fixing things around the
house
—
a complete tool
collection
2.
Main idea
: simities. &
differs. Between Adam & Bert
a.
simties
(
supporting details
)
(1)
married
(2)
grown
children
(3)
in
mid-50s
(4)
successful in business careers
(5)
hard workers
(6)
in a position
of finan. Security & respty. In their jobs
(7)
professional
lives not easy
b.
diffrs
.
(
supporting details
)
(1)
For Adam:
life
—
full of tension &
hosty.
(2)
For
Bert: life
—
more enjoyable
3.
main idea:
Adam
’
s use of time
Supporting details: a. fighting time
b. if delays in schedule, angry &
hostile
c. resents people not on time &
not moving as quickly
d. fill up every
minute with productive activity
Lesson
20
Section one:
Task 1:
Fixing an appointment
A. 1 a
2 c
3 b
B. 1. the last short-list interview,
to dine with the Japanese
agent,
a meeting with the
lawyer about planning permission
a
tutorial with Maria Rosa
2. a committer meeting
Business with the examining board
A meeting with Johan
Blun
’
s parents
C:
1. is to be postponed to Wednesday or later in the
week
2. is to be put off till Wednesday
morning
3. at 2.30 on Monday afternoon
Task 2: Last of the airships
A: 1. c
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. c
B: 1. F
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. F
6. T
7. T
8.T
C: 1. 97, 35, 62
2. 50, 25
3. 245, 41, 125km/hr, less
than half the time
4. 1,000 passengers, circus animals and
cars, 1937
5.
1.5 million, 13,100
D: 1. was
pressurized in order to prevent gas from ever
entering it.
2.
were chained to the tables
3. were searched for matches before
entering the ship
4. was made of special materials, which
had been chosen to minimize the possibility of
accidental sparks, which might cause an
explosion.
Section two
Task
1: Looking for a flat
A: 1. she is
trying to find a flat in the advertisements in
those newspapers.
2. No, she is going to share it with
two other girls.
3. Because Peggy and her roommates
would be out all day.
4. Because they
wouln
’
t have to walk at all
and would get to work quickly
5. Because they are the
girls who will share the flat with Peggy.
B: 1. a kitchen and a bathroom, two
bedrooms and a sitting room.
2.
￡
21 a week,
￡
for each
3. on the No. 10 Bus in
Woodside Road
Task 2: Moving in
A: 1. a
2. c
3. b
4. b
5. a
6. a
7. c
B: two chairs, one bed,
a wardrobe, a desk, the chest of drawers, the
stereo, the amplifier,
the
TV set, two speakers, the bookcase, the table lamp
C: 1. a bad size room
2. on earth, nothing much,
most of it out, hurts
3. you mean, enough space, two feet,
stick out too much
4. sort that out
Section
three
B:
1. Landsats used to
find fresh water
a. in dry area: black=water, red
=healthy plants
b. save time by looking at photos
2. 5
th
sue: warn
us of natural disas.
a. forest fires
b. melting ice near the N & S poles
c. lines where
ethqs. might happens
3. solar energy
a. clean &
unoimited
b.
solar energy on US: 700 times our consp.
c. fed. Goe.
Spending mns. of dollars to change sunshine into
ecol. energy
d.
y. 2000: solar techgy. supplying 25 %. Of us
energy needs.
4. cost of solar heating
system
a. cost:
all parts & their instl.
b. cost for a 3-bedroom house: $$7,000
to $$12,000
c.
one-time cost financed over many years
d. more exp. Than heating
with oil at present prices.
Lesson 21
Section I
Task 1: Talking about television
A: 1. c
2. a
3. c
B: 1. F
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. F
6. T
7. F
8. F
C: 1. a bit
of
2. came on, over, protest
3. a shame, switch on
4. turned over
Task 2: Games
A: 1. c
2. a
3. c
B: 1. T
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. F
6. T
7. T
C: Harry
Carter: 2, 3, 5;
Mark
Smith: 1, 4, 6
D: 1. just shakes, in
bewilderment, finish it off
2. in with a good chance
3. nervous
against, took the lead
4. have a quick work with
Section two
A: 1. b
2. a
3. b
4. c
B: 1. totally opposed to reducing the
size of the Olympic Games in any way at all.
2. in
favor of
removing from the
Games those sports which are well resented in
other
international contests
in the media, such as boxing and football
3. a. attention
to be focused on the more unusual sports which do
not normally gain so
much international
attention
b. in favor of a true test of
individual stamina instead of skills
4. agreeing to keep some of
the team games
C: 1. T
2. T
3. F
4. F
5. T
6. F
D: 1. boxing;
2.
football;
3. fencing;
4. archery;
5. hockey;
6. sailing
7. pentathlon; 8. canoeing;
9. basketball; 10. volleyball
E: 1. reject, out of hand, discuss it
2. in terms of,
financial demands, subjected to
3. soar phenomenally, state
4. am inclined
5. horse-
riding, axe
6.
strand of thought, individual excellence, cutting
out, featured
Section three
1. Houses were not perm.
a. summer: mesa top, made
of poles & brush
b. winter: caves in cliffs for warmth &
protc.
2. experimenting with potting
a. mixed clay
with water: fell apart when dried
b. added grass, straw or
pieces of bark to clay: full of holes when burnt
c. added sand
or volcanic grit to clay, baked: success
3. advantages of pots
a. added beans to diet
b. stored food
& water over long periods
c. life easier, effort spent on other
devlps.
4. improvement in housing
a. one-story
row house
b.
made of stone
c. forming a village: several hund.
Rooms with 1,000 people
d. these houses & Indians: Pueblo =
village in Spanish
Lesson 22
Section one: Class in Britain and
America
A: 1. c
2. b
3. c
4. c
5. a
B: 1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. T
C:
1. really stick together, in the middle
of , muddy fields, came upon, 9,000 Range Rovers
2. a very point, in fact, fitting into
either of these two extremes
3. the
upper class, extraordinary, totally uninhibited,
passing moral judgments on them
Section
two
Task 1: Autobiography: Seminole
Girl (I)
A: 1. a
2. c
3. a
4. c
B:
1.
He
was the only person outside her family who helped
her and encouraged her to get an
education.
2.
She graduated from it as one of the
first two Indians pupils in that school.
3.
She learned
bookkeeping.
4.
She was suspicious of the speaker at
first but began to trust her gradually.
5.
She felt hurt
and hard being an Indian.
C: 1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
Task 2: Autobiography: Seminole Girl
(II)
A: 1. b
2.
a
3. b
4. c
5. a
B: 1. T
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. F
6. T
7. F
8. T
C:
1.
upset, jump at the change to come back
2.
work out,
failed, I would really feel bad
3.
important,
what I look for in a friend, their education, for
enjoyment of, understanding
4.
understand, on
the outside, enough to be friends
Section three
1. Causes of
the f. concl.
a. science students: scient. Terms
----non meaning
b. way st
’
s
taught Eng. E.g. list of vocab.
2.
every word with exact transl. equiv. in their own
lang.
a. no
equiv. word need phrase
b. 1 word in st
’
s
lang. : 2 words in Eng. E.g. do & make
c. meaning covered by 1
word in st
’
s lang.: wider or
narrower than Eng. E.g. color
d.
translation
=diff.
to
do
well;
can
’
t
be
done
by
match
single
words
e.g.
computer
scientists
3. best way to increase vocab.
a. observation:
unknown word, observed in context
b. imitation: use word in
appro. Context
c. repetition: make it enter
st
’
s active vocab.
Lesson 23
Section I
Task !: Finding a Job
A.
1. Pamela Gable
2.
147Collington Road, Croydon
3. 2468008
4. July 8. 1963
5. personal
assistant to the manager of a modeling agency
6. French and Italian
7. none
8.8,000 pounds
B.
1
a. keeping the accounts
b.
writing the letters
c. answering the
telephone
d. looking after bookings and
engagements
e. taking care of all the
models who work for the agency
f.
keeping those models happy, lending an
understanding ear to their heartaches
2.
a. meeting people
b. transporting them from one point to
another
c. making sure they are
comfortable
d. a bit of telephoning
3. TFFTFFT
Task 2: Hpnosis
A.: abacb
B. TFFFTFT
C.
1. her eighth birthday
2. a
Tuesday
3. those who were present
4. the names of those present
5. the clothes those present wore
6. the presents she received
7. her address at that time
D.
1. In order to reach a
person’s mind; as much as possible; concentrate;
my voice
2. not to think
about; just to accept it
on the
thinking of a clock,; boring, repetitive sounds;
stare at some subjects in the
room
4. back to their first year
Section II
A.
caabc
B.
FTTFTT
C.
(1) d
(2)c
(3)a, b
D.
1.
few months alone; 250 c.v.s.; 80
percent; inadequate in a way
2.
condense; go
too far the other way; my recruiting role; thirty
pages long
3.
unreadable; the essence of neat,
legible; accurate
4.
have no place in letters of
application; hearing about; stated, quite bluntly;
more money
to pay; No boss; such
directness
Section III
1. Answer: main
idea with supporting details;
Reason: “we may
note” for main idea
“he once said’ & “once” for supporting
details
2. Answer: main idea
Reason: the
first important point to note
3.
Answer: supporting detail
Reason “a good illustration
of”
4. Answer: main idea
Reason: “what I
want to emphasize to you is this”
Lesson 24
Section I
Task 1: I.Q. Tests
A.
abbbca
B.
TTFF
C.
1.
are not easy to measure; appreciated
2.
spotted sufficiently early; developed; in my view;
unhappy adults; they are best at
3.
never get the chance; an instrument; artists;
composers; pleasure and satisfaction; tunes;
in key
Task 2
A.
a
a hobby that a child takes
pleasure in
b. a child’s
vocabulary
c. a child’s
language
d. a child’s
experience
e. children to
become independent in life
B. TFFTTF
C.
1. mystery books
2. science fiction
3.
newspapers and magazines
4. signs
5. textbooks
6. comic books
D.
.a poor
student; a comic book; he’s reading something; the
back of the cereal box; wouldn’t
take
it away; a step to go on; limit; certain areas;
stifle; stop reading completely
Section
II
Task 1
A.
acbba
B.
TFF
C.
A mathematical way; are related to each
other; good at one; good at the other; poor at
one; poor at the other; they are not
related to each other; go together; has nothing to
do
with
Task 2
A.
cbaa
B.
FTTFFTT
Section III
1.
2.
3.
4.
Main idea
:
“this
is an important point”
supporting detail:
“one of
the most dramatic example of”
digression
“by the
way”
digression
“although it is not strictly related to
our topic”
Lesson 25
Section One
A.
1. Italy and France.
2. A camping holiday.
3. The
tickets, traveler’s checks, all the currency,
passports, tickets for the boat, and a
card.
4. At the campsite.
5. With this card, she could get
reduced rates for becoming a member of a camping
club.
6. No, not at all.
7.
Yes.
8. The two brothers at the cycle
repair shop.
B. TTFFFFTF
C.
1. Having a
lot of trouble finding the passports and this and
that.
2. Fueling their car.
3. Finding their money, traveler’s
checks and passports missing.
4. Asking the officer for help.
5. Dist
racting the man’s
attention and searching through the papers for the
folder.
6. Managing to
discover what an old lady was sitting on.
7. Recovering what they had
lost.
Section Two
Task 1:
parking in London
A.
baca
B.
FTT
FFF
C.
1. dying to
tell
2. sensible, on the outskirts of
3. cross
4. went on and on
at
Task 2
A.
baccb
B.
TFTTT
FT
C.
1. has quite a
hold on
2. the powered
remains of the dead Egyptians, many magical soells
3. their curiosity and their
consciences
Section Three
Study Skills: Note-0taking 4
A.
cbcaba
B.
number; no.
credential: cred.
over: +
equipment’ equip.
burglary; burg
electrical: elect
previous
jewellery: jewl
C.
Title:
burglaries
I.
A.
about every two minutes
B. no. of burg.
rise by about 50,000 or 40,000 this y.
C.
last
y.
household
burg.
losses
rise
by
27%
over
the
previous
y.
to
139.2
mm.
pounds.
II.
A. when you are out or away, or be
careless about security
1. lock or
close doors & windows
2. less than 20
minutes
B.
1. a.
milk bottles left on the doorstep
b. papers by
the front door
c. garage doors wide open
d.
curtains drawn in the daytime & undrawn at night
2. a programmed time-switch
C.
1. their cred.
2. don’t let then in
D.
1. serial nos.
on elect. equip. radios, TVs.
2.
valuable jewl. antiques or pictures
E.
Crime prevention office, further tips
III.
cost of security
systems and value of property to be protected
Lesson 16
BBC interviewer: It's probably true to
say that women have been affected more than
men by recent changes in the way we
actually live. Over a hundred years ago people
began to question whether men were
really so much wiser, stronger, altogether more
sensible and simply better than women
as the laws of the country made out. In the end
women
got
the
vote,
and
very
recently
—
in
1975
—
the
Sex
Discrimination
Act
was
passed.
But it's doubtful whether legislation
has changed the way we women actually think.
A lot is heard about the dilemma of
women's two roles. How can a woman be a wife
and mother and have a full-time job as
well?
In this new series we are going to try
to find out what people are really thinking
and feeling about this problem, and how
it affects their personal lives. In the studio
with
me
today
is
Mrs.
Marina
Spiden,
who
recently
experienced
the
problem
of
having too much to do at home. With
Mrs. Spiden are her husband Brian, her mother
Mrs. Vera Cresswell and Mr. Tom Penman,
their local newsagent. Mrs. Spiden ... tell
us what happened will you?
Mrs. Spiden: Well ... you
just said it ... the problem of having too much to
do at home.
I do an afternoon job so I
have to get the housework and shopping ... er ...
done in the
morning. And one morning
you see ... er ... I just couldn't stand it no
more. The ... the
baby was bawling her
head off. Jimmy
—
that's my
little boy ... he's two
—
had
thrown
the radio out of the window ...
Interviewer:
Really!
Mrs.
Spiden: Yes really ... The dog ... you know ...
had made a ... a mess on the carpet.
And there was
Brian
—
my
husband
—
there he was snoring
a way on the settee. Didn't
lift a
finger he didn't ... not a finger to help me.
Mr. Spiden: Now
now love ... Don't get all her up about it again
... I mean that's your
side of the
story ...
Interviewer: Of course Mr. Spiden ...
We'd like to hear your side later. So ... what did
you do about it?
Mrs. Spiden: Well ... What
do you do when you've got something you're fed up
with
or ...
or ...
you
don't
want
like ...
You
put
them
up
for
sale
don't
you?
And
that's
exactly what I did do. Put the whole
damn lot of 'em up for sale.
Interviewer: The family you
mean.
Mrs.
Spiden: Yes ... the family ... including the dog.
Mr.
Penman:
She
came
into
my
shop
that
very
day
and
'Tom',
she
says,
'I've
just
about had enough of it. I'm sick of
slaving for a husband what sleeps all day. So here
you are,' she says. And she gives me an
advert on a card to put up in the window of the
paper shop.
Interviewer: What did it say?
Mr. Penman:
I've got it here.
Interviewer: Read it for us will you?
Mr.
Penman:
'For
Sale
—
One
house-trained
dog,
one
reasonably
trained
boy
of
two
years,
one
baby
girl
of
two
weeks
and
one
man
that
needs
training.
Any
offers
considered. Apply within.'
Interviewer: And were there
any offers?
Mrs
Cresswell: It was me what wrote that advert. You
see ... I live with Marina and
Brian
...
Mr Spiden:
She and her dog ...
Mr. Penman: Oh yes. Caused quite a stir
it did. I should say I had inquiries from ...
from about a couple of dozen housewives
in all.
Interviewer: And what offers did they
make?
Mr.
Penman: Well one woman offered 25p. She said
that's all a man was worth.
Interviewer:
What
about
you
Mr.
Spiden?
What
was
your
reaction
to
the
advertisement?
Mr. Spiden: Well ... you can imagine
... My wife told me about it but I thought she was
joking. Little did I
realize
... I was bloody furious when I saw it there. It
wasn't till
next morning. We live
upstairs of the paper shop and when I come down to
go on my
milk round ...
Interviewer: Yes of course
... you're a milkman ...
Mrs. Spiden: That's right. I often have
a dekko at the adverts Tom puts up. And when
I saw that one sort of ... staring me
in the face ... I nearly blew me top.
Interviewer: What did you
do?
Mrs.
Cresswell: I'll tell you what he did. He came and
blamed me for everything.
Mr. Spiden: Well it was you ... wannit
... that egged her on. It was you that wrote the
advert.
Mr. Penman: It was a big joke really.
Just that Brian took it all the wrong way. Know
what he did? When he come off his milk
round he barges into the shop and he says,
'Take
that
bloody
advert
out
and
put
one
in
for
me.
Ask
some
kind
taxi-
driver
or
someone to come
and take my mother-in-law back to Birmingham.'
Mr. Spiden: But
it's all blown over now ... innit. It's done us a
world of good in a way.
We're the best
of friends again. Even the dog started to ...
Interviewer: I'm going to talk to you
now about the suffragette movement. Were you
yourself ever a suffragette?
Mrs. Bruce: No,
I did not approve of suffragettes. I did not want
to have the vote. I
felt
the
man
of
the
house
should
be
in
charge
of
that
section.
And
the
woman,
of
course, to look after the home and the
children. I think that voting was unnecessary, at
that time. But I'm not going to say
now, that perhaps it has had its advantages.
Interviewer:
How
common
was
your
attitude
at
the
time
that
the
suffragettes
were
being militant?
Mrs.
Bruce:
Oh,
I
was
very
much
against
them.
I'd
be
highly
insulted
if
anybody
called me a
suffragette. I remember walking with my governess
down Downing Street
just past Number 10
and they chained themselves to the railings. Of
course, I had a
good laugh but I
thought it wasn't going to be me.
Interviewer: Were they a
popular movement in their day?
Mrs.
Bruce:
Well,
with
a
certain
number
of
course.
And
they
tried
very
hard
and
eventually they got the
vote, er through their efforts, so I suppose their
efforts were
good in quite a lot of
ways. Er, I think women in
Parliament
—
there aren't
many, but
those that've been there have
done a lot of good.
Interviewer: So you think in the long
term ...
Mrs.
Bruce:
In
the
long
term,
no
harm
was
done.
As
long
as
their
demonstrations
were peaceful.
Interviewer:
Do
you
think
it
would
matter
very
much
if
women
didn't,
hadn't
achieved the vote, if they hadn't got
the vote at all and still didn't have it?
Mrs. Bruce: I
don't think it would've made a great deal of
difference, no, but there are
certain
things
they've
done
—
those
that've
been
Members
of
Parliament
—
that
have
been very useful in
helping women in their jobs, in other vocations. I
think it's good
that it happened. But I
wish it happened a little bit more peacefully,
perhaps.
Interviewer:
What
sort
of
things
can
you
remember,
what
other
sorts
of
demonstrations do you
remember?
Mrs.
Bruce:
Marching,
they
were
marching.
But
of
course
those
were
much
more
peaceful days, nobody interfered with
their marches. There were a few boos here and
there and a lot of clapping. Yes.
Interviewer:
Did you, did you actually know any suffragettes
yourself?
Mrs.
Bruce: Well, my friends, my close friends, were
not suffragettes but I had one or
two
friends, not very close friends, that were. And we
used to have great arguments
and I used
to say I didn't want the vote, I don't want to
vote.
Interviewer: How did they react to
that?
Mrs.
Bruce: They didn't like that. They said I ought to
join the movement but I said,
no I
don't want to vote.
Interviewer: But, and yet you've done
so many exciting things. You've done so many
things that in your day, were probably
the exclusive preserve of the man
Mrs. Bruce: Well, yes. But
voting didn't make any difference because that's a
political
thing, voting, I never, I
don't care about women entering into politics
particularly. Ah,
no harm's been done
with the few that have entered the House of
Commons but, in
fact, some have done a
great deal of good. But that's quite different to
beating men at
their own job. Now
that's nothing to do with votes. Now, for
instance, I always got a
great thrill
on the race track at Brooklands, if I could beat,
well, Sir Henry Seagrave,
for
instance,
in
a
race,
I
never
did
beat
him
but
I
did
beat
Frazer
Nash,
a
famous
racing
driver in a race, and I was thrilled to death. I
thought that was super.
Interviewer: So you don't mind actually
joining men in their world of work and sport
but you're happy to leave politics to
them.
Mrs.
Bruce: No. I would rather really leave politics to
them.
Jan: Changes are very gradual.
They're too slow. I mean if you sit under a tree
long
enough the apple'll fall off and
you can eat it but sometimes you've got to stand
up
and
do
something.
You've
got
to ...
Um,
I
think
the
law
is
there
to
protect
people.
Because women were
being discriminated against, it was necessary for
the law to stop
that, um, at least to
some extent. But you can't change the way people
think.
Duncan:
People's discrimination is based on the fact ... a
lot of it, that they don't think
women
are capable of making decisions or have any
intelligence at all. I mean a lot of
people believe that ... and if that ...
provided ... once that's proved wrong, that
removes
the
valid
grounds
for
the
discrimination
and
you
know
you
...
the
belief
is
then
unjustified. You've got to stamp it
out. I mean, it's as simple as that.
Keith: But just in the same
way that if I want to become a managing director,
I have
to look at the company in which
I work and prove certain elements of my behaviour
or ... or my skills to these people, so
must women.
Jan: Yes, but if they're not given the
chance, then how can they? I mean it's very sad
that
the
law
has
to
be
there
at
all.
I
mean
that
you
have
to
say
to
somebody
who's
employing
someone
you
must
give ...
you
must
interview
men
and
women ...
it,
it
seems a great shame ... you have to
tell people to do that. It's also a great shame
that
you
have
to
tell
people
not
to
go
around
murdering
other
people.
I mean,
the
law's
there
because people do stupid things.
Duncan: As I say, the law
is ... is not that you have to sort of ... I mean
you basically all
you have to do is
give women the right to apply and the right to be
considered in the
same
way
as
everybody
else
and
if
the
law
was
effective
as
it
should
be,
there'd
be
nothing
wrong
with
that.
I
mean,
what's
wrong
with
giving
women
the
chance
to
apply for a job and
giving them the right to be considered on equal
terms with men.
Keith: Women could always ... women
could always apply.
Duncan:
That's
not
true,
though.
I
mean
there
are
employers
who
just
would
not
consider them.
David:
A
woman
would
not
apply
if
the
job
was ...
if
the
job
advertisement
was
couched in such terms.
Keith: I mean
... the leading example ...
Duncan:
I
mean
the
whole
point
about
the
...
an
advertisement
asking
for
a
draughtsman
being against the terms of the act, is that it
gives the imp ... it's implied
that
only men will be considered and that's why that
would be a legal advertisement if
you
put at the bottom, um, applications from men and
women will be considered ...
the same
with postmen and all the other jobs.
David: Interesting point.
How important is the language, Jan, do you think?
Jan: I ... it's
symbolic. Um, I personally don't find it
particularly important. Er, if you
have
a
meeting
and
you
call
the
man
or
the
woman
who
chairs
the
meeting
the
chairman, it just doesn't matter I
don't think at all.
1. When a teacher
or lecturer recommends a student to read a book
it's usually for a
particular
purpose.
The
book
may
contain
useful
information
about
the
topic
being
studied or it may be
invaluable for the ideas or views that it puts
forward, and so on.
In many cases, the
teacher doesn't suggest that the whole book should
be read. In fact,
he
may
just
refer
to
a
few
pages
which
have
a
direct
bearing
on
the
matter
being
discussed.
2. On Many occasions, however, the
student does not come to the library to borrow a
book,
or
even
to
consult
a
book
from
the
shelves.
He
may
well
come
to
the
library
because it provides a suitable working
environment, which is free of charge, spacious,
well-lit and adequately heated.
3. Learners of
English usually find that writing is the most
difficult skill they have to
master.
The
majority
of
native
speakers
of
English
have
to
make
an
effort
to
write
accurately
and
effectively
even
on
those
subjects
which
they
know
very
well.
The
non-native
learner,
then,
is
trying
to
do
something
that
the
average
native
speaker
often finds difficult himself.
4. Students,
however, often work out a sentence in their own
language and then try to
translate
it
in
this
way.
The
result
is
that
very
often
the
reader
simply
cannot
understand what the student has
written. The individual words, or odd phrases, may
make sense but the sentence as a whole
makes nonsense. The student should, therefore,
always try to employ sentence patterns
he knows are correct English.
5.
Many
students
seem
to
think
that
simplicity
is
suspect.
It
is,
on
the
contrary,
a
quality which is
much admired in English. Most readers
understand that a difficult
subject
can
only
be
written
up
'simply'
if
the
writer
understands
it
very
well.
A
student
should,
therefore,
organize
all
his
points
very
carefully
before
he
starts
to
write.
6. Non-native speakers of
English, like their native counterparts, usually
find that the
opportunity to
participate in group discussions is one of the
most valuable aspects in
their whole
academic programme. But in order to obtain full
value from this type of
activity
the
student
must
be
proficient
in
asking
questions.
If
he
isn't,
then
any
attempt
to
resolve
his
difficulties
may
lead
to
further
confusion,
if
not
considerable
embarrassment.
Lesson 17
Here is a summary of the news.
Shots are fired
in a south London street by escaping bank robbers.
Four rock fans die in a
stampede at a concert Chicago.
And
how
an
Air
France
Concorde
was
involved
in
the
closest
recorded
miss
in
aviation
history?
Shots were fired
this
morning in the
course of an
80
m.p.h.
chase along
Brixton
High
Road
in London.
A
police
constable
was
injured
by
flying
glass
when
a
bullet
shattered
his
windscreen
as
he
was
pursuing
a
car
containing
four
men
who
had
earlier
raided
a
branch
of
Barclays
Bank
at
Stockwell.
Police
Constable
Robert
Cranley
had
been
patrolling
near
the
bank
when
the
alarm
was
given.
The
raiders
made their getaway
in a stolen Jaguar which was later found abandoned
in Croydon.
Officials of the bank later
announced that
￡
16,000 had
been stolen.
Four people were killed and more than
fifty injured when fans rushed to get into a
stadium
in
Chicago
yesterday
where
the
British
pop
group
Fantasy
were
giving
a
concert.
The
incident
occurred
when
gates
were
opened
to
admit
a
huge
crowd
of
young
people
waiting
outside
the
stadium
for
the
sale
of
unreserved
seat
tickets.
People were knocked
over in the rush and trampled
underfoot
as
the crowd surged
forward.
The concert later went ahead as planned with
Fantasy unaware of what had
happened.
A
police
spokesman
said
that
they
had
decided
to
allow
the
concert
to
proceed
in
order
to
avoid
further
trouble.
There
has
been
criticism
of
the
concert
organizers for not
ensuring that all the tickets were sold in
advance. Roy Thompson,
leader
of
Fantasy,
said
afterwards
that
the
whole
group
was
'shattered'
when
they
heard
what
had
happened.
They
are
now
considering
calling
off
the
rest
of
their
United
States tour.
The United States Air Force has
admitted that a formation of its fighters
and an
Air
France
Concorde
recently
missed colliding by as little as 10
feet. The Air Force
accepts
the
blame
for
what
was
the
closest
recorded
miss
in
aviation
history.
According to the
Air Force spokesman, when the Concorde was already
70 miles out
over
the
Atlantic,
on
a
scheduled
flight
to
Paris
from
Dulles
International
Airport,
Washington,
four
US
Air
Force
F-15s
approached
at
speed
from
the
left.
The
lead
plane missed the underside of
Concorde's nose by 10 feet while another passed
only 15
feet in front of the cockpit.
Forest fires in the South of France
have claimed the life of another fireman as they
continue to rage in the hills between
Frejus and Cannes. Fanned by strong westerly
winds the flames are now threatening
several villages and many holiday homes have
had to be abandoned. The French army
was
called in yesterday
to
assist the fifteen
hundred
fire fighters that have so far been unable to
contain the spread of the blaze.
A
demonstration
against
race
prejudice
drew
thousands
of
people
to
central
London
this
morning.
It
was
organized
by
the
Labour
Party
and
the
Trades
Union
Congress under the banner 'United
against Racialism'. The march was led by several
leading Labour Party and Trades Union
officials. It was a column that stretched for
over two miles and it took the
demonstrators nearly three hours to cover the
distance
from
Speakers'
Corner
to
Trafalgar
Square.
There
were
representatives
from
more
than twenty major
unions, as well as community workers and various
ethnic groups.
By the time the march
reached Trafalgar Square an estimated fifteen
thousand people
had joined it.
Heathrow
Airport
Police
are
investigating
how
a
mailbag
containing
nearly
￡
750,000
worth
of
jewels
went
missing
between
Geneva
and
London.
The
mailbag
was believed to be
on its way to a London dealer from a jeweller in
Geneva five weeks
ago, but it was
not realized it was
missing
until the
Post Office reported the fact
to
Scotland Yard two days ago. The
mailbag contained a diamond, an emerald and two
rubies
valued
at
￡
635,200
plus
a
number
of
stones
of
lesser
value,
according
to
a
police
spokesman at Heathrow.
Football.
The
draw
for
the
semi-final
of
the
F.A.
Cup
was
made
earlier
today.
Liverpool will play
Manchester City while Arsenal will meet Nottingham
Forest. And
that's the end of the news.
Today I would
like to tell you about the effects of old age on
health. Actually today
a
lot
of
improvements
have
taken
place
in
the
care
of
old
people
and
old
people's
health is not nearly so bad as it used
to be.
Probably
many
of
the
fears
that
people
have
of
growing
old
are
greatly
exaggerated.
Most
people,
for
example,
dread
becoming
senile.
But
in
fact
very
few
people
become
senile.
Perhaps
only
about
15%
of
those
over
65
become
senile.
Actually a much more common problem is
in fact caused by we doctors ourselves. And
that is over-medication. Nearly 80% of
people over 65 have at least one serious illness,
such
as
high
blood
pressure,
hearing
difficulty
or
heart
disease.
And
very
often
to
combat
these
they
take
a
number
of
drugs
and
of
course
sometimes
there
are
interaction among those
drugs as well as simply being too many. And this
can cause a
lot
of
complications
from
mental
confusions,
very
commonly,
to
disturbance
of
the
heart rhythm. So this is
a problem that doctors have to watch out for.
Probably the most ignored disorder
among old people is depression. Maybe about
15%
of
older
people
suffer
from
this
condition.
A
lot
of
it
is
caused
by
this
over-medication which we mentioned.
Although
it
is
better
now
for
old
people,
we
have
to
admit
that
the
body
does
change as we grow
older. The immune system starts to decline and
there are changes
in metabolism, lungs,
the senses, the brain and the skin.
So what
should an old person do to counter-act these
changes?
He or she should eat a balanced
diet
—
not too much
fat
—
chicken or fish should
be
eaten rather than eggs or beef. Eat
more high fibre and vitamin rich foods, such as
vegetables and fruit.
The old
person should give up smoking if he hasn't already
done so. He should also
do
regular
exercise
—
at
least
half
an
hour,
three
times
a
week.
No
section
of
the
population can benefit more from
exercise than the elderly.
Carl: I hope
I'm not interrupting your work, Mr. Thornton. You
must be very busy at
this time of the
day.
Paul: Not
at all. Come in, come in, Mr. Finch. I'm just
tasting a few of the dishes we'll
be
serving this morning.
Carl: That looks interesting. What
exactly is it?
Paul: That one is
fish
—
in a special sauce. One
of my new creations, actually.
Carl: I'm looking forward
to trying it.
Paul: I do hope you've enjoyed your
stay with us.
Carl: Very much, indeed. We both find
it very relaxing here.
Paul: Well, I'm sure there's lots more
you'd like to ask, so, please, go ahead.
Carl: Thanks. I
notice that you have a sort of team of helpers.
How do you organize
who does what?
Surely it's difficult with so many talented
people?
Paul:
Everyone
contributes
ideas,
of
course,
and
to
a
certain
extent
shares
in
the
decision-making.
We
all
have
our
different
specialities
and
different
ways
of
doing
things, but that's a great advantage in
a place like this. If there is any disagreement, I
have the final word. After all, I own
the business and I'm the boss. But it happens very
rarely. I'm glad to say.
Carl: Have you had them
with you for long?
Paul: Not all of them, no. Alan's been
with me for about five years. I used to have a
restaurant on the east coast. Then I
got the offer to do a lecture tour of Australia
and
New
Zealand,
you
know,
with
practical
demonstrations,
so
I
sold
the
business,
and
then Alan and I looked around for two
young chefs to take with us. Tom and Martin
have
been
working
for
me
ever
since
(Laughs.)
Chefs
are
not
a
problem,
but
I'm
having a lot of trouble
at the moment finding good, reliable domestic
staff.
Carl:
How long did the tour last?
Paul:
We
were
away
for
over
two
years
in
the
end
because
more
and
more
organizations wanted to
see the show, and one thing led to another.
Carl: Had you
been considering this present venture for long?
Paul: For some
time, yes. During the tour I began to think it
might be interesting to
combine the
show idea with a permanent establishment. And so
here we are.
Carl: And what made you choose this
particular spot?
Paul: Quite a few people have been
surprised
—
you're not the
first. It does seem a bit
out of the
way, I know, but I didn't want to start up in
London. There's far too much
competition. Then I decided to go for a
different type of client
altogether
—
the sort of
person who wants to get away from it
all; who loves peace and quiet, and beautiful
scenery but also appreciates good food.
When I saw the farmhouse I couldn't resist it.
I was brought up not far from here so
everything just fell into place.
Carl: To go back to the
food, Paul. Do you have a large selection of
dishes to choose
from or are you always
looking for new ideas?
Paul: Both. A lot of the dishes had
already been created on the tour, but I encourage
my staff to experiment whenever
possible. I mean I can't keep serving the same
dishes.
The people who come here expect
something unusual at every course, and some
guests,
I hope, will want to return.
Carl: I know
two who certainly will.
Paul: It's very kind of you to say so.
Is there anything else you'd like to know?
Carl:
As
a
matter
of
fact,
there
is.
Your
grapefruit
and
ginger
marmalade
tastes
delicious. Could you
possibly give me the recipe?
Paul: It isn't really my
secret to give. It belongs to Alan, but I'm sure
if you ask him
he'll be glad to oblige
you
—
as long as you promise
not to print it in your magazine!
Shelagh: Um, it's
another
one of my adventures
as a tourist, um,
finding out things
you really didn't
expect to find out when you went to the place! I
went to Pompeii and
of course what you
go to Pompeii for is, er, the archaeology.
Liz: To see the
ruins.
Shelagh:
To see the ruins. And I was actually seeing the
ruins but, um, suddenly my
attention
was caught by something else. I was just walking
round the corner of a ruin,
into a
group of trees, pine trees, and I was just looking
at them, admiring them and
suddenly I
saw a man halfway up this tree, and I was looking
at him so all I could see
was his hands
and his feet and he was about 20 or 30 feet up. I
thought, 'Goodness,
what's going on
here. Has he got a ladder or hasn't he?' So I
walked round to see if he
had a ladder.
No, he had just gone straight up the tree.
Liz: He'd
shinned up the tree.
Shelagh:
He'd
shinned
up
the
tree.
Like
a
monkey,
more
or
less,
except
he
was
a
rather
middle-aged monkey ... He was, er, he was all of
50 and (Oh God), what's going
on
here?
Anyway,
I
walked
a
bit
further
and
saw
other
people
either
up
trees
or
preparing to go up trees,
and then I noticed a man standing there directing
them, a
sort of foreman, and began to
wonder what on earth was going on, and then on the
ground I saw there were all these
polythene buckets and they were full of pine cones
and of course what they were doing was
collecting
pine cones, and I
thought, 'Well,
how tidy of them to
collect pine cones to stop the ruins being, um,
made, um, made
untidy with all these
things.' Then I saw there was a lorry ... full of
pine cones ... This
was getting
ridiculous ... They were really collecting them in
a big way. So I, um, asked
the, er,
foreman what was going on and he said, 'Well you
know, um, pine nuts are
extremely
sought after and valuable in the food industry in
Italy.'
Liz:
For food (Yeah). Not fuel! I thought you were
going to say they were going to put
(burn) them on a fire. Yes.
Shelagh:
Well,
they
might
burn
the,
er,
cones
when
they've
finished
with
them
but
inside
these cones are little white things like nuts and,
er, I realized that they're used in
Italian cooking quite a lot in, er,
there's a particular sauce that goes with
spaghetti, em,
from Genova, I think,
called 'pesto' in which these nuts are ground up
and of course
they come in cakes and
sweets and things like that.
Liz: So it's quite a
delicacy.
Shelagh: It's quite a delicacy. And of
course I'd never thought of how they actually got
them 'cos you can't imagine having a
pine nut farm. So what he said happens is that
private firms like his buy a licence
off the Italian State for the right to go round
places
like
Pompeii
—
archaeological sites
and things
—
and
systematically collect all the pine
cones that come off the trees and
similarly in the, in the forests.
Liz: And of course they
have to go up the tree because by the time it's
fallen the, the
food isn't any good.
Shelagh: That's
right. They're pulling them down and he said they
were very good at,
um, recognizing
which ones were ready and which ones were a bit
hard and etc. And
each of them had a
sort of stick with a hook at the end which they
were using to pull
the pines off, off
the trees but clearly it wasn't enough to sit
around and wait till they
fell down.
You, you had to do something about it. There they
were. So that was, er, the
end of my
looking at the ruins for about half an hour. I was
too fascinated by this, er,
strange
form of er, agriculture.
Liz: Well, what you don't intend to see
is always the most interesting.
Shelagh: Much more
interesting.
1. In all humility, I
accept the nomination ... I am happy to be able to
say to you that I
come to you
unfettered by a single obligation or promise to
any living person.
(Thomas
Dewey 24/06/48)
2. I'll never tell a lie. I'll never
make a misleading statement. I'll never betray the
trust
of
those
who
have
confidence
in
me.
And
I
will
never
avoid
a
controversial
issue.
Watch me closely, because I won't be
any better President than I am a candidate.
(Jimmy Carter 13/11/75)
3.
I
believe
that
this
nation
should
commit
itself
to
achieving
the
goal,
before
this
decade is out, of landing a man on the
moon and returning him safely to the earth. No
single
space
project
in
this
period
will
be
more
impressive
to
mankind,
or
more
important
for
the
long-
range
exploration
of
space;
and
none
will
be
so
difficult,
or
expensive to accomplish ... But, in a
very real sense, it will not be one man going to
the
moon. If we make this judgement
affirmatively, it will be an entire nation ... I
believe
we should go to the moon.
(John F. Kennedy 25/05/61)
4. Those of us
who loved him, and who take him to his rest today,
pray that what he
was to us, what he
wished for others will some day come to pass for
all the world. As
he said many times,
in many parts of this nation, to those he touched
and who sought
to touch him:
never were and say 'Why
not?'
(Edward M. Kennedy
(08/06/68)
5.
Because if they don't awake, they're going to find
out that this little Negro that they
thought was passive has become a
roaring, uncontrollable lion right in right at
their
door
—
not at
their doorstep, inside their house, in their bed,
in their kitchen, in their
attic, in
the basement.
(Malcolm X.
28/06/64)
6. I
guess I couldn't say that er I wouldn't continue
to do that, because I don't want
the
Carter
Administration,
and
because
I
don't
want
Secretary
Vance
er
to
have
to
take the blame for the
decisions that I felt that I had to make,
decisions which I still
feel
were
very
much
in
the
interest
of
this
nation,
er
I
think
it
best
that
I
remove
myself
from
the
formal
employ
of
the
government
er
and
pursue
er
my
interests
in
foreign and domestic policy as a
private citizen.
(Andrew
Young 15/08/79)
Lesson 18
Host
(Michael
Parkhurst):
Good
evening,
and
welcome
again
to
the
'Michael
Parkhurst
Talkabout'.
In
tonight's
programme,
we're
looking
at
the
problem
of
energy.
The
world's
energy
resources
are
limited.
Nobody
knows
exactly
how
much
fuel is left, but
pessimistic forecasts say that there is only
enough coal for 450 years,
enough
natural gas for 50 years and that oil might run
out in 30 years. Obviously we
have to
do something, and we have to do it soon!
I'd like to welcome our first guest,
Professor Marvin Burnham of the New England
Institute of Technology. Professor
Burnham.
Prof.
Burnham:
Well,
we
are
in
an
energy
crisis
and
we
will
have
to
do
something
quickly.
Fossil
fuels
(coal,
oil
and
gas)
are
rapidly
running
out.
The
tragedy
is
that
fossil
fuels are far too valuable to waste on the
production of electricity. Just think of
all the things you can make from oil!
If we don't start conserving these things now, it
will be too late. And nuclear power is
the only real alternative. We are getting some
electricity from nuclear power stations
already. If we invest in further research now,
we'll be ready to face the future.
There's been a lot of protest lately
against nuclear
power
—
some people
will protest at anything
—
but
nuclear power stations are not as
dangerous as some people say. It's far
more dangerous to work down a coal mine or on
a North Sea oil-rig. Safety regulations
in power stations are very strict.
If we spent
money on research now, we could develop stations
which create their
own fuel and burn
their own waste. In many parts of the world where
there are no
fossil fuels, nuclear
power is the only alternative. If you accept that
we need electricity,
then
we
will
need
nuclear
energy.
Just
imagine
what
the
world
would
be
like
if
we
didn't
have
electricity
—
no
heating,
no
lighting,
no
transport,
no
radio
or
TV
.
Just
think about the ways you use
electricity every day. Surely we don't want to go
back to
the Stone Age. That's what will
happen if we turn our backs on nuclear research.
Host:
Thank
you,
Professor.
Our
next
guest
is
a
member
of
CANE,
the
Campaign
Against Nuclear
Energy, Jennifer Hughes.
Jennifer Hughes: Right. I must disagree
totally with Professor Burnham. Let's look at
the
facts.
First,
there
is
no
perfect
machine.
I
mean,
why
do
aeroplanes
crash?
Machines
fail.
People
make
mistakes.
What
would
happen
if
there
were
a
serious
nuclear
accident?
And
an
accident
must
be
inevitable
—
sooner
or
later.
Huge
areas
would be evacuated.
And they could remain contaminated with
radioactivity for years.
If it happened
in your area, you wouldn't get a penny in
compensation. No insurance
company
covers nuclear risks. There are accidents. If the
nuclear industry didn't keep
them
quiet,
there
would
be
a
public
outcry.
Radioactivity
causes
cancer
and
may
affect future generations. Next,
nuclear waste. There is
no technology
for absolutely
safe
disposal.
Some
of
this
waste
will
remain
active
for
thousands
of
years.
Is
that
what you want to leave to your
children? And their children's children? A reactor
only
lasts about 25 years. By the year
2000 we'll have 'retired' 26 reactors in the UK.
Next,
terrorism.
Terrorists
could
hold
the
nation
to
ransom
if
they
captured
a
reactor.
In
the
USA
the
Savannah
River
plant,
and
Professor
Burnham
knows
this
very
well, lost (yes, 'lost') enough plutonium between
1955 and 1978 to make 18 (18!)
atom
bombs. Where is it? Who's got it? I consider that
nuclear energy is expensive,
dangerous,
and evil, and most of all, absolutely unnecessary.
But Dr. Woodstock will
be saying more
about that.
Host: Thank you Jennifer. Now I'm very
pleased to welcome Dr. Catherine Woodstock.
She is the author of several books on
alternative technology.
Catherine
Woodstock:
Hello.
I'd
like
to
begin
by
agreeing
with
Jennifer.
We
can
develop alternative sources of power,
and unless we try we'll never succeed. Instead of
burning fossil fuels we should be
concentrating on more economic uses of
electricity,
because electricity can be
produced from any source of energy. If we didn't
waste so
much
energy,
our
resources
would
last
longer.
You
can
save
more
energy
by
conservation
than
you
can
produce
for
the
same
money.
Unless
we
do
research
on
solar
energy,
wind
power,
wave
power,
tidal
power,
hydroelectric
schemes
etc,
our
fossil
fuels
will
run
out,
and
we'll
all
freeze
or
starve
to
death.
Other
countries
are
spending much more than us on research,
and don't forget that energy from the sun,
the waves and the wind lasts for ever.
We really won't survive unless we start working
on cleaner, safer sources of energy.
Host: Thank you
very much, Dr. Woodstock.
Our final
speaker, before we open
the
discussion to the studio audience, is
Charles Wicks, MP, the Minister for Energy.
Charles
Wicks:
I've
been
listening
to
the
other
speakers
with
great
interest.
By
the
way, I don't agree with some of the
estimates of world energy reserves. More oil and
gas is being discovered all the time.
If we listened to the pessimists (and there are a
lot
of them about) none of us would
sleep at night. In the short term, we must
continue to
rely
on
the
fossil
fuels
—
oil,
coal
and
gas.
But
we
must
also
look
to
the
future.
Our
policy must be flexible. Unless we
thought new research was necessary, we wouldn't be
spending
money
on
it.
After
all,
the
Government
wouldn't
have
a
Department
of
Energy unless they thought it was
important. The big question is where to spend the
money
—
on
conservation of present resources or on research
into new forms of power.
But I'm fairly
optimistic. I wouldn't be in this job unless I
were an optimist!
Mal
Carrington:
Good
morning.
Welcome
to
years
to
Come
I'm
Mal
Carrington, and every
week at this time Channel 5 brings you information
on life in
the future from an expert in
the field.
Today's
expert
is
Dr
Reginald
Healy
from
MIT,
the
famous
Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. Good morning,
Dr Healy. Welcome to The years to come.
Dr Healy: Thank
you.
Mal
Carrington: Well, what are your predictions about
the world? What is it going to
be like
in the year 2000?
Dr Healy: Hum, if present trends
continue, I'm afraid the world in 2000 will be
more
crowded and more polluted than the
world we live in now.
Mal
Carrington:
Yes,
however,
food
production
is
constantly
increasing.
Don't
you
think we will be able to
cope with the increase in world population?
Dr
Healy:
I
don't
think
so.
Even
though
production
is
constantly
increasing,
the
people of the world will be poorer than
they are today. For hundreds of millions of the
desperately poor, the supply of food
and other necessities of life will not be any
better.
And
for
many
they
will
be
worse,
unless
the
nations
of
the
world
do
something
to
change the current trends.
Mal Carrington: What is
your estimate of world population in AD 2000.
Dr
Healy:
Well,
already,
world
population
is
about
5,000
million.
If
present
trends
continue, that is with the number of
births by far exceeding the number of deaths in
2000 the world population could
approach 6,500 million people.
Mal Carrington: How many
people are born every day?
Dr Healy: About 250 every
minute, but only 100 people die. This
means there is
an
increase
of
216,000
people
per
day,
and
ninety
per
cent
of
this
increase
is
in
the
poorest countries.
Mal Carrington: That's
worrying! And what about energy? Will there be
enough oil to
satisfy our needs in the
year 2000?
Dr
Healy:
During
the
1990s,
world
oil
production
will
reach
the
maximum
and
the
price of
oil will begin to increase. At the end of the
century, the available supplies will
not be sufficient for our needs. So at
least part of these needs will have to be met by
alternative sources of energy.
Mal Carrington:
Yes, water is becoming a problem too.
Dr Healy: Yes,
unfortunately. Water shortage will become more
severe in the future,
and
due
to
the
increase
of
births
there
will
be
enough
water
only
for
half
of
the
population.
Mal Carrington: Which of the present
trends do you think will continue over the next
decade?
Dr Healy: Well, significant loss of the
world's forests will continue over the next ten
years as the demand for wood for fuel
and manufacturers increases. Also atmospheric
concentration of carbon dioxide and
other chemicals is expected to increase at rates
that could alter the world's climate
due to the 'greenhouse effect'.
Mal
Carrington:
The
'greenhouse
effect'?
Could
you
explain
what
the
'greenhouse
effect' is?
Dr
Healy:
Sure.
Well,
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air
is
progressively
increasing and it traps more of the
heat of the sun in the lower atmosphere. This has
a
warming
effect
which
could
change
the
climate
and
even
melt
the
polar
ice
caps,
which
would cause disastrous flooding.
Mal Carrington: I see. Is
this the only effect of carbon dioxide?
Dr Healy: No,
it isn't. Carbon dioxide and other chemicals which
derive from the use
of fossil fuels
will also increase the quantity of acid rain which
is already damaging or
even destroying
plants, trees and other parts of our environment.
Also, there will be a
dramatic increase
in the number of species becoming extinct.
Hundreds of thousands
of species will
be lost because of the loss of their habitat.
Mal Carrington:
That's appalling! What about nuclear plants?
Aren't they a constant
menace to life
on our planet?
Dr Healy: Definitely. And apart from
the more obvious danger of accidents, like the
one
at
Chemobyl,
there's
the
problem
of
the
disposal
of
nuclear
waste,
that
is
the
waste which is produced by nuclear
power stations.
Mal Carrington: Oh, yes. I know that
some of the materials keep their radioactivity
for hundreds or thousands of years.
Dr Healy: Yeah,
for example, strontium 90 needs storing for 500
years, being kept cool
all the time.
Plutonium-239 may need storing for up to half a
million years!
Mal Carrington: So, what is going to
happen to the Earth in the next few years? Will
we be able to reverse this trend
towards destruction? What is your prediction?
Dr Healy: Well,
I don't want to be pessimistic, but I'm afraid
that if this trend doesn't
change
within five or ten years we won't be able to do
very much to save the earth.
Mal Carrington: Well,
that's a warning that we all need to take
seriously. And with
that warning, we
end part one of this week's The years to come.
We'll be back soon
after the break.
Mal Carrington: Here we are again with
about and to show you the pictures of
an exciting new project which is the result of the
cooperation of scientists, engineers
and technicians from virtually all over the world.
Towards the end of the 90s, a bright
new celestial body will appear in the night sky
like
an
immense
shining
star,
fully
visible
from
38
degrees
north
or
south
of
the
equator.
It will be a space station, Freedom. The idea for
Freedom originated in the
USA, but
eleven other nations have agreed to contribute a
few of the station's many
parts.
The
space
station
is
not
going
to
be
launched
into
orbit
in
one
piece
—
the
thousands
of
parts
which
make
up
Freedom
are
going
to
be
assembled
directly
in
space. Twenty trips by
the shuttle and two rockets will be needed to
deliver Freedom,
piece by piece, into a
low orbit around the Earth. Then, 250 miles above
the Earth,
construction
crews
are
going
to
bolt
together
the
space
station's
many
components.
The first batch
of parts is going to be launched in 1995. By the
end of 1996, the first
crew of eight is
going to enter the living module to begin what
NASA hopes will be a
continuous
human
presence
in
space.
The
station
has
been
designed
to
remain
occupied and
operational for up to thirty
years
—
a whole generation of
living in space.
Considering that the
first man-made object reached orbit just thirty
years ago, that
will
be
quite
an
accomplishment.
The
design
of
a
space
station
must
combine
the
excitement of space with the necessity
for safety and comfort. Freedom will be the best
solution
to
date
and
will
also
be
the
most
complex
computerized
house
ever
built
—
either on
Earth or in space. There will be accommodation for
eight people and
each
crew
member
will
have
his
or
her
own
room,
a
shower,
a
toilet,
exercise
equipment,
a
washing
machine,
a
pantry,
and
a
sick
bay.
Add
a
television,
video,
phone and computer to
each of the eight private sleeping rooms, then top
it off with
the best view on Earth. Is
this some wild new 'luxury house' of the future?
Exactly.
Life on board will also be
brightened by a plan to fill twenty percent of the
larder with
fresh refrigerated fruit,
vegetable and dairy products.
Behind every
space station lies the dream that is at least 120
years old: a colony in
space. Freedom
is not going to be that colony, for it will always
depend on the Earth
for supplies. But
it is going to be the place where scientists
discover how to establish
healthy and
productive human habitation in space. When new
technology is developed
to make it less
risky, we will see more civilians in space. So an
eighteen-year-old can
look forward to
visiting space by his or her sixty-eighth
birthday, in 2050.
And
that's
the
end
of
this
week's
programme.
Tune
in
next
week
for
another
edition of The years to come. The years
to come is a Channel 5 production and this is
Mal Carrington.
1. Two years
ago, ... when I landed on your soil, I said to the
people of the Philippines.
'Whence I
came I shall return.' Tonight, I repeat those
words. I shall return.
(Douglas MacArthur 17/03/44)
2. I have a
dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia,
sons of former slaves and
the
sons
of
former
slaveowners
will
be
able
to
sit
down
together
at
the
table
of
brotherhood.
I
have
a
dream
that
one
day,
even
the
state
of
Mississippi,
a
state
sweltering
with
the
heat
of
injustice,
sweltering
with
the
heat
of
oppression,
will
be
transformed into an oasis
of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my
four little
children will one day live
in a nation where they will not be judged by the
colour of
their skin, but by the
content of their character.
(Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. 28/08/63)
3. One thought
him indestructible, so over-powering was he in his
energy, warmth and
his
deep
faith
in man's
inherent
goodness.
For 25 years he had been
my friend,
my
older brother, my inspiration and my
teacher.
(Henry Kissinger
02/02/79)
4. I
have said this before, but I shall say it again,
and again, and again. Your boys are
not
going to be sent into any foreign wars.
(Franklin D. Roosevelt
30/10/40)
5. I
have never been a quitter. To leave office before
my term is completed is abhorrent
to
every
instinct
in
my
body.
But,
as
President,
I
must
put
the
interests
of
America
first. America needs
a full-time President and a full-time Congress.
Particularly at this
time,
with
problems
we
face
at
home
and
abroad.
To
continue
to
fight
through
the
months ahead for my personal
vindication would almost totally absorb the time
and
attention
of
both
the
President
and
the
Congress
in
a
period
when
our
entire
focus
should be on the great issues of peace
abroad and prosperity without inflation at home.
(Richard M. Nixon 08/08/74)
6. In the past
several months I have been living in purgatory. I
have found myself the
recipient
of
undefined,
unclear,
unattributed
accusations
that
have
surfaced
in
the
largest and the most
widely circulated organs of our communications
media. I want to
say, at this point,
clearly and unequivocally: I am innocent of the
charges against me.
(Spiro
T. Agnew 29/09/73)
Killing Me Softly
With His Song
I
heard he sang a good song
I
heard he had a style
And so
I came to see him to listen for a while.
And there he was this young
boy
A stranger to my eyes
Strumming my
pain with his fingers
Singing my life with his words
Killing me softly with his
song
Killing me softly with
his song
Telling my whole
life with his words
Killing
me softly with his song
I felt all flushed with fever
Embarrassed by the crowd
I felt he found my letters
and read each one out loud
I prayed that he would finish
But he just kept right on
Strumming my pain with his
fingers
Singing my life
with his words
Killing me
softly with his song
Killing me softly with his song
Telling my whole life with
his words
Killing me softly
with his song
He sang as if he knew me in all my dark
despair
And then he looked
right through me as if I wasn't there
And he just kept on singing
Singing clear and strong
Strumming my pain with his
fingers
Singing my life
with his words
Killing me
softly with his song
Killing me softly with his song
Telling my whole life with
his words
Killing me softly
with his song
Lesson 19
Presenter:
This
week's
financial
talk
will
be
given
by
our
property
expert,
James
Milligan, who is here
to tell us about some surprising new developments
in the London
area.
James
Milligan:
Good
afternoon.
Not
so
very
long
ago
it
would
have
been
really
unusual to pay
￡
1 million for a house.
Unfortunately this is no longer so. Decline in
the real value of money over the past
few years has made property values rocket. The
cheap
house
is
a
thing
of
the
past.
Now,
the
sale
of
a
￡
1
million
house
no
longer
causes surprise, nor
is it likely to be the subject of a newspaper
article.
What exactly can we expect to get for
￡
1 million today? Well,
first of all, space, of
course.
Living
in
large
cities
has
made
us
all
tired
of
living
in
those
cramped
little
houses and flats
built just after the war. We now want space; space
to live and relax in,
preferably
with
a
garden.
And
this,
of
course,
is
what
puts
the
price
up.
Another
reason for needing space is the fact
that we have larger families growing up under one
roof and even quite small children
demand their own room these days, while teenagers
may demand an extra room where they can
entertain their friends privately. Also the
trend of going out to eat is dying out
due to rising prices of restaurant and transport,
so
people
are
once
more
beginning
to
entertain
and
dine
at
home,
which
requires
a
larger dining room. There are numerous
new developments in London at the moment
which can provide all this and
more
—
if you have the money!
At
the
moment
the
most
fashionable
places
seem
to
be
the
Barbican,
St
John's
Wood, Morgan's Walk
in Battersea. People wanting quiet in the evening
tend to prefer
the
Barbican
situated
in
the
business
heart
of
the
city
and
therefore
fairly
free
of
traffic
in
the
evenings,
although
several
theatres
have
opened
there
lately.
The
Barbican
is
also
for
those
who
like
living
high
up,
accommodation
being
situated
mostly
in
tower
blocks.
St
John's
Wood,
on
the
other
hand,
is
favoured
mostly
by
upper-middle
class
families
who
prefer
a
detached
house
surrounded
by
a
walled
garden,
thus
ensuring
their
privacy.
Gardens
of
course
tend
to
raise
the
price
of
a
property. Those not
interested in gardening can choose from the grand
mansions
in
Battersea
where
you
get
a
wonderful
view
of
the
Thames
and
are
still
only
a
few
minutes away from London's theatres and
shops.
Look around and take your pick. Oh ...
just make sure that you have that million
pounds first!
Interviewer:
Now you're the First Lady of Jazz; probably the
greatest blues singer the
world has
ever known. Just what is it that makes you sing as
you do?
Singer:
I
don't
know;
one
night
it's
a
little
bit
slower,
the
next
night
it's
a
little
bit
lighter. It's all according to how I
feel. I never feel the same way twice. The blues
is a