-
U3(
选修六
)
<
/p>
1
滥用
,
妄用;
虐待,辱骂
○
2
弊病,陋习
n.
○
vt.
滥用
,
妄用
,
虐待
e.g. He
abused
his power
while in
office.
他在职时滥用权力。
Those captives were physically
< br>abused.
那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残
drug abuse
滥用毒品
child abuse
虐待儿童
abuse one’s
position /
power
滥用职权
< br>/
权利
abuse a
privilege
滥用特权
2. stress
1
压力
;
重音
,
重读
1
)
n.
○
be under (the) stress (of)
在压力下
suffer from
stress
遭受压力
The
stresses and strains
of
modern
life
现代生活的
压力和紧张
.
2
强调
,
重要性
○
e.g. Some school
lay / put /place stress on
foreign language education.
2
)
vt.
加压力于
;
重读
;
强调
e.g. He
stressed
the importance of the task.
1
)
n.
禁令
,
禁止
a ban on
sth
2
)
vt.
< br>禁止
,
取缔
ban sb. from (doing) sth.
颁布禁令
Put/impose a
ban
颁发
/
解除禁令
lift a
ban
确立禁令
e.g. Our
government has
put/ imposed a ban
on
plastic bags.
4.
due to
归因于
,
归功于
e.g. The accident
is due to
your careless driving.
那意外事故归因于你驾驶不小心。
be due to do sth
定于某时做某事
e.g.
He
is due to
speak at the
meeting tomorrow
(可以被
caused
by
所代替)
The train
is due
in five
minutes.(
预定的,预期的)
My rent
isn’t
due
till
Wednesday.
(到期的,立即支付的)
In due course
在适当的时候
after due
consideration
经适当考虑之后
拓展:
because of “
由于
”,
较口语化,只作状语
owing
to
较正式,须用逗号与主句隔开
thanks to “
多亏了
”
,多用于正面的意义
as a
result of “
因为
”
as a result
副短
,
“
因此
”
therefore
副词
,
“
因此
”
so
并列连词
,
“
因此
”
because of ,due to , owing to , on
account of
和
thanks to
的用法比较
这一词都表示
“
由于
”
的意思,在使用时应该注意以下区别:
1
.
because of
意为
“
由于,因为
”
p>
,强调因果关系,在句中仅作状语,修饰句中的一部分,与
其他成分
不用逗号隔开
。
如:
We must not get
discouraged
because of
such
a minor setback
.
?
我们决不可因为这样一个小小的挫折而灰心丧气。
2
.
owing
to
与
because of
一样,也
强调因果关系,除作状语外,也可作表语。作状语时修饰
整个句子,可在句首或句末,用
逗号隔开。
如:
They decided to cancel the
flight
,
owing to
the storm
.
由
于
这
场
暴
风
雨
,
他
们
决
定
取
消
这
个
航<
/p>
班
。
His
death
was
owing
to
an
accident
.
他
死
于
一
场
事
p>
故
。
3
.
due
to
引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语和定语。作表语和状语时与
owing
to
同义,作状语时,一般不与其他成
分隔开。不用于句首。
如:
This
accident
was due
to
(
owing
to
)
his careless
driving
.
这
次
车
祸
是
由
于
他
开
车
疏
忽
大
意<
/p>
造
成
的
。
He
arrived
late
due
to
(
owing
to
)
the
storm
.
由
于
< br>暴
风
雨
他
来
晚
了
。
Mistakes
due
to
carelessness
may
have
serious
consequences
.
由
于
疏
p>
忽
大
意
造
成
的
错
误
可
能
带
来
< br>严
重
的
后
果
。
4
.
on account
of
与
because
of
,
owing to
同义,但语气
较为正式。可作状语、表语,不作定
语。
如:
< br>?
He could not
come
on account of
his
illness
.他因病不能前来。
That was
on account of
l
ack of
exercise
.那是由于缺乏锻炼。
5
.
thanks to
表示
“
幸亏,多亏
”
多用于表达正面意思,相当于感谢,在句中作状语和表语。
如:
Thanks to y
our
advice
,
much trouble was save
d
.
?
多亏你的建议,减少了许多麻烦
。
1
)
The wire
金属丝
is
tougher
than that.
(
坚韧的,不易磨损的)
2
)
You need to
be
tough
enough
to survive
生存
in the
jungle.
(坚忍不拔的,吃苦耐劳的)
3
)
a
tough
criminal
罪犯(粗暴的,凶暴的)
< br>4
)
tough
measures to deal with
terrorism
恐怖主义(强硬的,严厉的)
5
)
a
tough
assignment
任务
/ problem /
choice
(棘手的,困难的)
6
)
a
tough
steak
牛排(硬的,老的)
1)V.
dress doesn’t
fit
me.
(适合)
can’t
fit
any
more chairs into the
room.
(容纳)
3.
be
fitted with
handles
(安装)
4. His ideas did not quite
fit
in with our aims.
他的想法和我们的目标不完全一致。
(
与
…
相一致
,相协调)
2)Adj.
keep fit
保持健康
be fit for / to do
对
..
合适
The book
is fit (suitable) for
children.
The fresh
air
is fit to breath
.
反义词:
unfit
be
unfit for / to do
区分
fit , suit, match
These shoes don’t fit me. Have you
got
a larger size?
这鞋我穿不合适。你们有大点的吗?
That haircut suits you.
那种发型很适合你。
The
carpets should match the curtains.
地毯应该和窗帘相配。
You
can’t match him in his knowledge
of
wild plants.
在野生植物知识方面,你无法与他相比。
7.
addicted adj.
“
对某某上瘾
”,
“
沉湎于某某
”
e.g. My children have become
hopelessly addicted to
television.
我的几个孩子都成了电视
迷
,
简直不可救药了。
构词法:
addict
n.
吸毒成瘾的人
addiction
n.
沉湎、成瘾
addictive
adj.
使人上瘾的
addict
常用于下列结构:
addict oneself to sth.
沉溺于某物
be addicted
to sth.
专心做某事
;
上了<
/p>
…..
的瘾
be addicted to doing sth.
parents felt helpless when they found
their son had ____ drug for long.
A.
addicted
B. addicted to
C. addicted himself
D. been addicted to
D
8. accustom
v.
使人习惯于、养成习惯
e.g.
She found it necessary to
accustom
her child
to getting up
early.
她觉得有必要让孩子养成早
起的好习惯。
常用句式:
1)
accustom+
名词
/oneself +
to+
名
en are quick
to
accustom themselves to
new surroundings.
孩子们很快就会
适应
p>
新环境。
2) be
accustomed to +
名词
e.g. I am
accustomed to
walking
long distances.
我<
/p>
习惯
与长距离步行。
3) get/become/be accustomed to
+
名词
e.g. You will
soon get
accustomed to
the
job.
你将会
习惯
于这个工作。
同义词组:
be / get /
become used to
注意
:
在英语中
,
to
有时为动词不定式符号
,
后跟动词原形
;
有时用作介词
,
后跟名词、
代词、
或动
名词。下面的这些短语中的
to
均为介词。
stick to
坚持
lead to
导致
,
通向
pay a visit to
参观
sentence sb. to
宣判某人
come to
谈到
,
涉及
see to
处理,负责
be up to
总计
devote…to
致力于
get down to
开始
/
着手
be
opposed to / object to
反对
be devoted to
致力于,献身于
be
attached to
adjust (adapt)… to
be
exposed to
look
forward to
pay
attention to
attend to
contribute to
turn to
admit to
when it
comes to
aw
v.
withdrawal
n.
The general refused to
withdraw his troops.
(收回,撤回)
She withdrew all her savings and left
the country.
(取钱,提款)
10. quit
v.
过去式和过去分词—
quit,
现在分词—
quitting,
+doing
形式
,
表
“
停止做
”
e.g. She
quit
smoking
when she got pregnant.
她一怀孕就戒了烟。
归类记忆
:
下列动词只能用
-ing
形式作宾语
admit,
advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny ,
forbid(
禁止
),
fancy(
想象
), finish, keep,
mention,
mind,
miss,
pardon,
permit,
prevent,
delay,
dislike,
enjoy,
escape,
excuse,
imagine,
postpone(
推迟
),
practice, quit, resist(
抵制
),
risk , suggest, tolerate, understand
eg
:
I knew it was
time to
quit smoking.
It is/was time (for sb) to do
sth.
t’s time for us to study hard.
该是我们认真学习的时候了
It
is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth.
p>
(
should
不可省)
< br>
It
is/was)the first
(second…) time that sb. have/has/had
done sth.
It’s
high time that
we
studied/should study
hard.
It’s the first time that
my
classmates and I
have got
together.
昨天晚上是我们第一次同学聚会。