基础英语2(主编何兆熊)Unit4 Cultural Encounters课后练习答案

基础英语

2

第四单元练习答案

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Unit 4 Cultural Encounters

Text comprehension

I.

B

II.

1.

T;

2.

F;

3.

T;

4.

T;

5.

T.

III.

1.

Snail mail.

2.

An essential stepping stone on the road to success.

3.

The profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society.

4.

The means to shape our views of the world.

5.

To negotiate the boundaries between languages and to compromise in translation.

6.

To

use linguistic skills, to think differently, to enter into another culture’s mentality an

d to

shape language accordingly.

IV.

1.

with convenient ways to reach any part of the world.

2.

It seems that everyone is able to always get in touch with anyone else if he or she

can afford to.

3.

is the most important to society.

4.

a fundamental skill in today’s

world, where different cultures interact.

5.

are finding ways to interrelate different cultures.

Structural analysis of the text

1.

The

last

sentence

of

the

3rd

paragraph:

“Most

fundamental

is

the

profound

relationship

between language and culture that lies at the heart of society and one that we overlook at our

peril.”

2.

Paragraph

4:

The

lack

of

an

exact

counterpart

of

the

English

word

“homesickness”

in

other

languages such as Italian, Portuguese, and German.

Paragraph 5: The problem of untranslatability which the early Bible translators encountered.

Paragraph 6: English and Welsh speakers make adjustments regarding the color spectrum in the

grey / green / blue / brown range; The word “democracy” means completely different things in

different contexts; th

e flat breads of Central Asia are a long way away from Mother’s Pride white

sliced toasties, yet the word “bread” has to serve for both.

Part One. Vocabulary Analysis

I. Phrase practice

1.

provided =as long as

假如，倘若

need never be out of touch =can never fail to be reached

从不会失去联系

2.

regardless of =no matter

不管，不顾

3.

overlook at our peril =fail to notice at great risk

忽视……的危险或风险

4.

hovers

somewhere

in

and

around

all

those

words

=may

be

described

by

these

words to varying degrees

5.

hit the problem of untranslatability head-on = were directly confronted with the

problem that something in one language cannot be rendered into another

II.

1.

stepping

stone;

2.

at

their

peril;

3

.

serve;

4.

mentality;

5.

staple;

6.

facilitating;

7.

messaging;

8.

hybrid.

III. Word derivation

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.

1.

The country is trying to move from a centrally planned

economy

(economic) to one basically

geared to the needs of the market.

2.

There are no good roads in the area, so most of the ranches are only

accessible

(access) by

jeep or other off-road vehicles.

3.

The

two

approaches

are

so

fundamentally

(fundamental)

different

that

it

is

surprising

that

they have both been successful.

4.

They spent much time comforting the homesick (homesickness) children at the beginning of

the summer camp.

5.

We are looking for an experienced journalist to join the news teams. The salary is

negotiable

(negotiate).

6.

The amount of any of these ingredients can be

adjusted

(adjustment) according to your taste.

7.

The

remoteness

(remote)

of

the

house

was

the

only

thing

that

made

them

hesitate

about

buying it.

8.

He parked the car and smiled at her,

complacently

(complacent) assuming he had passed the

test.

1. economic a.

经济学的；经济的；有利可图的

economical a.

节俭的；经济的，合算的

economics n.

经济学

economist n.

经济学家

economy n.

节约；经济

2. access n.

通道，入口

accessible a.

可得到的；易接近的，可进入的

accessibility n.

可以得到；易接近

3. fundamental a.

基本的，根本的；重要的

fundamentalism n.

原教旨主义

fundamentalist n.

信奉正统派基督教的人

fundamentally ad.

从根本上；基本地

4. homesick a.

想家的

homesickness n.

乡愁，思乡病

5. negotiate v.

谈判，协商，交涉

negotiable a.

可磋商的，可协商的

negotiation n.

谈判，协商

negotiator n.

磋商者，交涉者

6. adjust v.

调整，调节；使适应

adjustable a.

可调整的

adjustment n.

调整

7. remote a.

偏僻的，遥远的，远程的

remoteness n.

远离，远隔，偏僻

8. complacent a.

满足的，自满的，得意的

complacently ad.

满足地，自满地，沾沾自喜地

complacency n.

自满，沾沾自喜

IV.

1.

D;

2.

C;

3.

A;

4

.

D;

5.

B;

6.

A;

7.

B;

8.

C.

V.

Synonym / Antonym

Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is

used.

1. We live in an age of easy access to the rest of the world.

Synonym:

time, era, epoch

2.

Conferences

and

business

meetings

around

the

globe

are

held

in

English,

regardless

of

whether anyone present is a native English speaker.

Synonym:

meetings

3. English has simply become the language that facilitates communication, and for many people

learning English is an essential stepping stone on the road to success.

Synonym:

basic, fundamental

4. Different cultures are not simply groups of people who label the world differently; languages

give us the means to shape our views of the world and languages are different from one another.

Antonym:

misshape

5. Inevitably, the spread of English means that millions of people are adding another language to

their own and are learning how to negotiate cultural and linguistic differences.

Synonym:

unavoidably

6. Why does the rise of English as a global language cause feelings of uneasiness for some of us?

Synonym:

worry, concern, anxiety

7. But even as more people become multilingual, so native English speakers are losing out, for

they

are

becoming ever

more

monolingual,

and

hence increasingly

unaware

of

the

differences

between cultures that languages reveal.

Antonym:

hide, conceal

4 Prefix

Write in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in the given word.

1. unreliable

unbelievable

2. impatient

imperfect

3. disapproval

disagreement

4. mistake

misplace

5. maltreat

malfunction

enable

7. surmount

surpass

inate

submarine

1. Explanation:

un- : not or the opposite of

e.g.

unable, unhappy, unknown

2. Explanation:

in- / il- / im- / ir- : not or the opposite of

e.g.

i

mpolite, infinite, illogical, irrelevance

3. Explanation:

dis- : not or the opposite of

e.g.

dishonest, disadvantage, disappear

4. Explanation:

mis- : bad or wrong

e.g.

misinterpret, misbehavior, mischance, misconceive

5. Explanation:

mal- : bad or not correct

e.g.

malpractice, malodorous, malformation

6. Explanation:

en- / em- : to cause to be; to put into the thing or condition mentioned

e.g.

encase, empower, enlarge, embolden, enchant

7. Explanation:

sur- : beyond

e.g.

surcharge, surplus, surprise, surmise

8. Explanation:

sub- : less than; under or below

e.g.

subdivision, subconscious, subcontinent, subculture

Part Two. Grammar Exercises

1. the simple present and the present progressive

Simple present is used for activities that are long-lasting habits.

Present progressive is used for activities that occur at the moment of speaking activities.

The present continuous with words such as “always” or “constantly” expresses the idea that

something irritating or shocking often happens.

e. g.

She is always coming to class late.

He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.

Speakers use the present continuous to indicate that something will or will not happen in the

near future.

e. g.

I am not going to the party tonight.

Is he visiting his parents next weekend?

I. Complete the following sentences with the correct verb forms.

1. She’s a dietician —

she __helps__ (help) people to choose the right food.

2. hope; are enjoying; sunbathe; go; are going.

3. is being.

4. The professor ____is typing____ (type) his own letters while his secretary is ill.

5. am not eating.

6.

I

__am

reading_

__

(read)

an

interesting

book

at

the

moment.

I’ll

lend

it

to

you

when

I’ve

finished it.

7. are always leaving.

8. go; belongs; wants; is using.

9. is boiling.

10. is putting; is rewiring; is building.

II.

1. is passing = passes; is shooting = shoots.

2. OK.

3. are crying.

4. OK.

5. am knowing = know.

6. am gathering = gather.

7. work = am working.

8. do =are; sneeze = sneezing.

III.

thank;

are

dispatching; regret;

have;

are

contacting;

hear; enclose/are enclosing;

decide;

have;

are listed; regret; hope; enclose/are enclosing.

IV.

1. a. The speaker is complaining; b. The speaker gives a fact.