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英汉互译政治、经济、文化、生活常用词汇
1.
民族国家
nation state
“
台独
”
台湾当局
Taiwan
authorities
台湾同胞
Taiwan compatriots
台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
Taiwan is an
inalienable part of the Chinese territory.
“寄希望于台湾人民”
place
hopes On Taiwan
people
／
people in Taiwan
以法制“独”，启动反分裂国家法立法程序
setting
in
motion
the
legislative
process
of
an
anti-secession law to
forestall
／
check pro-
< br>“
independence
”
activities
两岸同属一个中国
two sides of the Taiwan Straits belong
to one and the same China
社会治安情况
law-and-
order situation
严打斗争
Strike-
Hard Operation, campaign to crack down
relentlessly on criminal activities
保持先进性
maintain
／
keep the
advanced nature
；
keep
vanguard character
提高党员素质
improve
the
quality
／
caliber
Of
Party
membersh
ip
；
betterment
Of
membership
quality
加强党的执政能力建设
build the
Party
’
s capacity to govern;
to
enhance the
Party
’
s
administrative
／
governing
capacity
／
capability
坚持为人民执政、靠人民执政
serve the people and rely on the
people; exercise power for the
benefit
of the people and with the support of the people
提高发展社会主义民主政治的能力
improve our capability to promote
socialist democracy
正面教育为主
education by positive examples
学习型社会
a learning-
inclined society
；
a pro-learning society
坚持以人为本
stick
to
the
human-
centred
/people-first
approach;
always
be
people-oriented;
human factors come first
组织群众、宣传群众、教育群众、服务群众
< br>mobilize
，
inform
，
educate and serve the people
作风上过硬
have a
sound working style; to develop a first-grade work
style
党要管党的方针
the
principle
that
the
Party
organizations
should
oversee
／
discipline
their
members
；
the
principle of stricter oversight of Party
membership
党管人才
Party
supervision
over
personnel
／
human
resources
work;
/
Party
takes
charge
／
in
charge of human resources work
2.
德才兼备，年富力强：
people who possess
both political integrity and ability
肝胆相照，荣辱与共
treating each other with all sincerity
and sharing weal or woe.
爱国卫生运动
Patriotic
Public Health Campaign
社会公德，职业道德和文明礼貌
social and
professional ethics, and civility
拥政爱民
The army’s
supporting the government and cherishing the
people
拥军优属
the
civilians’
supporting
the
army
and
giving
preferential
treatment
to
families
of
revolutionary soldiers and martyrs.
1
移风易俗
transforming
outmoded habits and customs.
德高望重
high integrity and prestige
经济全球化
economic globalization
教育产业化
to build a market-
oriented education
知识社会化
to
build a knowledge-driven society
国民经济信息化
to build
an information-based national economy
保证决策的科学化、民主化
to
ensure the decision-making more scientific and
democratic
领导核心
（班子）
年轻化
to bring younger
people into the core of the leadership; make the
ranks
of cadres younger in average age
国际关系民主化
to
exercise (practise) democracy in international
relations
科研成果产业化
apply scientific research results to
industrial production
对学校实行企业化管理
to
manage a school in the same manner as what is done
to an enterprise
男女平等制度化，同工同酬定规化
The equality between men and women is
here to stay, and
equal work for equal
pay is the order of the day.
重型装备的驮运已经从骡马化发展到机械化。
The
moving
of
heavy-
duty
weaponry
has
undergone the stage from the use of
draught animals to mechanized haulage.
干部队伍要革命化、
知识化、
专业化、
年轻化。
The contingent of cadres should be
composed of
staunch revolutionaries who
are better educated, better trained,
独立
于企业单位之外、
资金来源多元化、
保障制度规范化、
管理服务社会化的社会保障体系
a
social security system that is independent of
enterprises or institutions, funded by several
sources,
properly regulated and
commercially managed
人才市场
human resources pool
社会公德
standards of social behaviour
全心全意为人民服务，
立党为公，
执政为民
Our Party serves the people heart and soul,
works for
the public and assumes power
for the people
始终保持党同人民群众的血肉联系
Enable
the
Party
to
maintain
its
flesh-and-blood
contacts
with the people
所有党员干部，
都应该先天下之优而优、
后天下之乐而乐，
吃苦在
前、
享受在后
All Party cadres
should
be
concerned
about the
country
and
the
people before
anything
else;
they
should
be
the
first to
bear hardships and the last to enjoy themselves
领导干部要有识才的慧眼、用才的气魄、爱才的感情、聚才的方法，知人善任、广纳群
贤
Leading officials should have
the insight to spot capable people, the resolve to
use them, the
heart to cherish them and
the ways to attract them; they should know how to
bring out the best in
their
subordinates and to call talented people of talent
to the service of the Party and the state
3.
弘扬民族优秀文化
advance
and enrich the fine cultural heritage of the
nation
振奋民族精神
inspire national pride (enthusiasm)
集体主义教育
education
in community spirit
活跃人民群众的精神文化生活
enliven the cultural life of the people
全面提高劳动者素质
improve
the overal quality of the work force.
尊师重教
to respect
teachers and emphasize education
2
商业界杰出青年
a business whiz-kid
电脑杰出青年人才
a
computer whiz-kid
证券交易杰出人才
a stock exchange whiz-kid
中华文明与其它文明间的交流和融合
the exchange and convergence of the
Chinese civilization
and other
civilizations
建立节水型的社会
to build a water-saving society
带头廉洁自律
to set a good example
in performing one’s duty honestly
扶持高雅艺术和民族文化精粹
to
support
art
of
refined
taste
and
style
and
the
cream
of
our
national culture
团结奋斗，开拓进取
to work
hard with a united and pioneering spirit
中华民族的凝聚力
the
cohesion/ cohesiveness of (the Chinese nation)
发扬正气
encourage
healthy trends
身教重于言教
Examples are better than rules
形成良好的社会风尚
create
a society with high ethical standards; foster
healthy social conduct
纠正不正之风
to correct
unhealthy practices (tendencies)
弘扬体育精神
,
促进国际往来。
Promote
sportsmanship and international exchange.
老老实实做人，
认认真真做事。
Be
honest in all of our personal behaviors, Be
scrupulous in
all our business
dealings.
发展是硬道理。
Development
is the top priority. / Development is of
overriding importance. /
Development is
the absolute need.
廉政，勤政，务实，高效政府
An
honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient
government
加速科技成果商品化、产业化进程
to accelerate the progress of the
commercialization and
industrialization
of scientific and technological achievements
发展社会主义民主
to
improve socialist democracy; to build a socialist
democratic system
解放思想、实事求是的思想路线
ideological line of emancipating the
mind and seeking
truth from facts
法治国家
a
country
under
the
rule
of
law
法制国家
a
state
with
an
adequate
legal
system
黑店
gangster inn
黑客
hacker
黑社会
Mafia-style organizations; gangland
科教兴国
rely on
science and education to rejuvenate the nation
科研攻关
scientific research and tackle the key
research project
4.
学分制
the
credit
system
三学期制
the
trimester
system
双学士制
a
double
BA
degree
system
主副修制
a
system
of
a
major
field
of
specialization
plus
a
minor
field
定向招生
students
are
admitted
to
be
trained
for
pre-determined
employers
包分配
guarantee
job
assignments
示范试点
demonstration pilot project
多学科的
multi-
disciplinary
重点大学
key
university
授予（学士）
confer
被授权
be authorized
to do
博士后科研流动站
center for post-doctoral studies
毕业论文
thesis;
dissertation
毕业实习
graduation
field
work
毕业设计
graduation
design
毕业典礼
graduation
ceremony;
3
commencement
毕业证书
diploma;
graduation
certificate
毕业鉴定
graduation
appraisal
升级
to be promoted to a higher grade
留级
to repeat the
years work; to stay down
自学成才
to become
educated through independent study
启发式
elicitation
method (of teaching); heuristic method
填鸭式教学法
cramming/forced-feeding method of
teaching
普及教育
universal education
义务教育
compulsory
education; free education
学前教育
preschool
education
初等教育
elementary education
中等教育
secondary
education
高等教育
higher/tertiary education
普遍教育
general
education
成人教育
adult education
职业技术教育
vocational
and technical education
培养独立分析问题和解决问题的能力
to cultivate the ability to analyze and
solve concrete problems independently
启发学生独立思考的能力
to help develop the ability of the
students to think things out for themselves
培养学生自学能力
to foster the students
ability to study on their own
发挥学生主动性、创造性
to
give scope to the students initiative and
creativeness
5
难得糊涂
Where ignorance is bliss, it's folly to
be wise
能进能出，能上能下
competent
to work both at the top and at the grass roots
能进能出，能上能下
,
方谓好汉
He who knows how to fight and
how to retreat deserves to be
called a
brave man.
内耗
in-
fighting
扭转局面
reverse the tide, turn the table
配套政策
supporting
policies
碰头会
brief
meeting
(
A
brief,
small-
scale,
informal
meeting
with
no
fixed
agenda,
the
main
purpose of which is to exchange
information.)
贫富悬殊
polarization of rich and poor
勤工俭学
part-work
and part-study system; work-study program
情有独钟
show special
preference (favor) to …
裙带关系
networking
through petticoat
influence
人浮于事
overstaffing
人海战术
huge-crowd
strategy
人情债
debt
of gratitude
群言堂
allow everybody to air his view; let
everyone have his say; speak one's mind freely
失恋
be
disappointed in love; be jilted
适者生存
survival of the fittest
甩卖
clearance sale; be on sale
铁哥们
faithful pal<
/p>
；
buddies
；
sworn friend
统筹安排
comprehensive arrangement
透过现象看本质
see
through the appearance to perceive the essence
推
广
科
研
成
果
turning
laboratory
achievements
into
commercial/mass
production;
commercialization of laboratory
achievements
4
退耕还林还草
grain for
green
稳定压倒一切
Maintaining stability is of top
priority
文明街道
model community
洗钱
money laundering
项目立项
approve and initiate a
project
养路费
road toll
小康
a comfortable level of
living; a better-off life; moderate prosperity
小康之家
well-off family;
comfortably-off family
效益工资
achievements-related
wages; wages based on benefits
言情小说
romantic fiction;
sentimental novel
以质量求生存、求发展、求效益
strive
for
survival,
development
and
efficiency
on
the
basis of equality
以质量求发展
strategy of
development through quality; win the market with
quality
products
6.
计划经济
planned
economy
指令性计划
mandatory plan
指导性计划
guidance plan
市场调节
market
regulation
外向型经济
export-oriented
economy
创汇型企业
foreign
exchange-earning enterprise
劳动密集型
labor intensive
技术、
智力、
资本密集型
technology, knowledge or capital intensive
关系民生的产品
products vital to
the people's livelihood
经济过热
overheated economy
提高经济效益
enhance economic
performance/returns
社会效益
social effect/returns
加大改革力度
intensify reforms
一条龙服务
one package service
一支笔审批
one-chop approval
保持发展后劲
bring
about a sustainable development; sustain momentum
of development
经济实力
economic capabilities
以工养农
use industrial income to finance agriculture
以路养路
use tolls to repay
investment in road projects
上不封顶，下不保底
set no ceiling
limit and give no minimum guarantee
企业“工效挂钩”
link total payroll
with the performance of an enterprise
质量信得过单位
quality trustworthy
organization
批量生产
mass
production
以销定产
limit production to
market ability
行情看好
Favorable price/market can be expected.
行情看涨
/
跌
anticipate lower market price/rising price
粗放
/
集约经营
extensive/intensive operation
市场疲软
a market
slump
规范价格秩序
standardize
the price order
简化流通环节，增加随机检查
simplify circulation and add more random checks
国家指令性计划
state mandatory
planning
紧缩银根
tighten the money
supply
生意兴隆
/
冷淡
Business is booming/sluggish
统而不死，活而不乱
ensure a flexible
control
5
良性循环
positive cycle
国民经济的支柱
mainstay of the
national economy
格局初步形成
Pattern has taken initial shape.
同国际惯例接轨
follow
the international codes of practice; bring
…in
line with the
international usage
统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、
unified
policy, liberalized operation, and equal
competition
宏观调控
macro-
economic control
经济杠杆
economic levers
7.
三好（身体好，学习好，工作好）
to keep fit
，
study
hard and work well
三热爱
to love the
motherland
，
to
love socialism
，
to love the Party
他的光辉形象
his
brilliant image
医风医德
medical ethics
表彰见义勇为的英雄人物
commend
justice-upholding
volunteers
(heroes)/
public
security
volunteers
立功
render (perform) a meritorious service;
do meritorious work
盲目崇拜流行歌星
a blind worship of pop stars
XX
职工积极向灾区人民奉献爱心
XX
compony employees donating for flood victims
把人民群众的安危冷暖放在心上，
关心群众疾苦，
努力为群众办实事好事
to keep in mind the
security and well-being of the people,
show concern for their sufferings, and try hard to
do useful
and good things for them
党的作风关系党的形象，关系人心向背，关系党的生命
The
Party’s
work
style
bears
on
the
image of the Party, the
trend of popular support and the survival of the
Party
要自重、自省、自警、自励，始终注意讲学习、讲政治、讲正气
to maintain a high degree of
self-discipline, self-examination,
self-caution and self-motivation, and always
attach importance to
study, political
awareness and integrity
他满面春风
His face
lit up with joy.
她总是满面春风
She always has a happy expression on
her face.
始终保持党同人民群众的血肉联系
Enable
the
Party
to
maintain
its
flesh-and-blood
contacts
with the people
惩治腐败
to combat
corruption
推进廉政建设
promote a clean government
要
坚持从实际出发，因地制宜，分类指导，搞好规划；要尊重农民意愿，不能搞形式主义和
强迫命令，
防止一哄而起；
要发扬自力更生、
< br>艰苦奋斗精神，
求真务实，
真抓实干。
< br>We need
to
proceed
from
reality,
take
measures
suited
to
local
conditions,
give
guidance
tailored
to
the
situation
and
plan
carefully.
We
need
to
respect
the
wishes
of
farmers,
oppose
formalism
and
coercion,
and
avoid
the
herd
mentality.
We
need
to
advocate
a
spirit
of
self-reliance
and
hard
struggle, be realistic
and pragmatic, and work diligently.
实施人
才强国战略，
加强人才队伍建设，
要多渠道增加人力资源开发的
投入，
推进市场配置
人才资源，
规范人
才市场管理。
We will follow the strategy of
reinvigorating the country through
human resources and intensify
development of a well-trained workforce. We will
increase funding
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