Paraphrase and Quotation 释义和引用

Purdue1(for students)

Paraphrase: Write It in Your Own Words

Summary:

This

handout

is

intended

to

help

you

become

more

comfortable

with

the

uses

of

and

distinctions among quotations, paraphrases, and summaries. This handout compares and contrasts the

three terms, gives some pointers, and includes a short excerpt that you can use to practice these skills.

Contributors:

Dana Lynn Driscoll, Allen Brizee

Last Edited:

2010-06-16 01:46:25

Paraphrasing

is

one

way

to

use

a

text

in

your

own

writing

without

directly

quoting

source

material.

Anytime you are taking information from a source that is not your own, you need to specify where you got

that information.

A paraphrase is...

?

?

?

Your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a

One legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate documentation) to borrow from a source.

A more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses concisely on a single main idea.

new form.

Paraphrasing is a valuable skill because...

?

?

?

It is better than quoting information from an undistinguished passage.

It helps you control the temptation to quote too much.

The mental process required for successful paraphrasing helps you to grasp the full meaning of

the original.

6 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing

?

Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.

?

Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.

?

Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision

using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate

the subject of your paraphrase.

?

Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately

expresses all the essential information in a new form.

?

Use

quotation

marks

to

identify

any

unique

term

or

phraseology

you

have

borrowed exactly from the source.

?

Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it

easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper

.

Some examples to compare

The original passage:

Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in

the final [research] paper

. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly

quoted matter

. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials

while taking notes. Lester

, James D.

Writing Research Papers

. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.

A legitimate paraphrase:

In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable

level. Since the

problem usually originates

during note taking, it is

essential to minimize the material

recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).

An acceptable summary:

Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of

quoted material in a research paper (Lester 46-47).

A plagiarized version:

Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the

final research paper

. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted

material. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes.

Sample

Essay

for

Summarizing,

Paraphrasing, and Quoting

Summary:

This

handout

is

intended

to

help

you

become

more

comfortable

with

the

uses

of

and

distinctions among quotations, paraphrases, and summaries. This handout compares and contrasts the

three terms, gives some pointers, and includes a short excerpt that you can use to practice these skills.

Contributors:

Dana Lynn Driscoll, Allen Brizee

Last Edited:

2010-04-21 07:48:06

The following is a sample essay you can practice quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. Examples of

each task are provided at the end of the essay for further reference.

So

That

Nobody

Has

To

Go

To

School

If

They

Don't

Want To

by Roger Sipher

A decline in standardized test scores is but the most recent indicator that American education is in trouble.

One reason for the crisis is that present mandatory-attendance laws force many to attend school who

have no wish to be there. Such children have little desire to learn and are so antagonistic to school that

neither they nor more highly motivated students receive the quality education that is the birthright of

every American.

The solution to this problem is simple: Abolish compulsory- attendance laws and allow only those who are