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词汇笔记整理版

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-07 19:01
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2021年2月7日发(作者:chopper)



1.



be absent from


be present at


be far from


be close to


be different from


be indifferent to


be concerned to


be independent of


be dependent on


give consent to sb.


approve of(


表示上级同意下级


)


agree with sb.




agree to sth.


agree on sth.


达成一致(主语为复数)



注意搭配的介词



agreement (agree


的名词形式


)



例如:



resent--- resentment


hate---hatred


disgust---dislike


2.



the use of sth.=the application of


the usage of


用途,用法



misuse





disuse


废弃不用






unused


从来没有用过




反义词




used



e.g.



~car


二手车






reuseable





recyclable





recoverable





overuse





underused






to amuse sb.





amusement(amuse


的名词


)





to tease sb.





to entertain sb.



entertainment



entertain


的名词)






to please sb.






abuse one



s fame/power





accuse sb. of sth.




accusation(accuse


的名词


)





charge sb. with sth.





blame sth. on sb.





sue sb. for sth.





condemn sb. for sth.





同义词:


amusement



entertainment



recreation



leisure


3.



rupt=break





go bankrupt



1






e=out




e.g.



export, essay, elegant, express, exit


4.



acquire



表示建议或者命令的词:



require, request, demand, order, recommend, suggest, advise, propose


用在句 子中,这些词的后面要用虚拟语气,


should


可以省略



requirements


订货量



acquisition




习得




5.



adhere to


adapt oneself to



adjust oneself to


accommodate oneself to


suit oneself to


apt


倾向,有……倾向的



be apt to do sth.


be likely to do sth.


be inclined to do sth.


be prone to doing


aptitude


学能



opt


选择



opt to do=choose to do


option=choice


选修:


selective, elective, optional


必修:


compulsory, required, obligatory


adopted son, adopt parents


注意区别


adopt


的 形式



ept


迅速,敏捷



6.



under- dress


内衣



under wear


under garment


7.



mire


惊讶



admire sb.


敬佩



be jealous of sb.


羡慕,嫉妒



envy sb.


嫉妒(程度比上一个强)



8.



mit=send


admit


承认(不愿承认的事情)



be admitted to


被录取



acknowledge


承认(带着感恩的心情)



recognize


confess


忏悔(承认错了,而且愿意改)



concede


让步(为了保全面子承认)



commit oneself to doing


有关誓言的一组词:


commitment, promise, pledge, oath, swear, assurance


以介词


on


构成的词组举例:



on the committee, on the team, on the compus, on the board, on the phone, on line



2



commission=kickback


表示服务的词组:



on commission, in service


emit


发射



omit


省略



submit:(1)


屈服,


~ to sb.



(2)


提交



submit=present


sub-

前缀表示向下,次一格,


e.g.



urban



suburban


—< /p>


rural


相关前缀见《英语单词词根》




subtract


减去,扣除



subculture


亚文化



give in


submit to


conform to



concede to


yield to





yielding


产量



trans=cross


横跨


,



e.g.



transmit, transplant, translate, transgender


vomit=throw up


呕吐



9.



vent=come


来,发生



advent


降临






convention


会议,集会






invent


发明






prevent


预防






prevent sb. from doing sth.





ban sb. from doing sth.





bar sb. from doing sth.





prohibit sb. from doing sth.





forbid sb. from doing sth.





forbid sb. to do sth.


10.



verse




adverse a.


逆境



ity


converse




sation


diverse



it


y


多样性※




inverse


翻转



perverse



t


变态



reverse


回拨(时间、光阴)



revert=turn back


11.



vis


看(


visual




advise sb. to do sth.


persuade sb. to do sth.


suggest sb. to do sth.


convince sb. of doing sth.



advisable


理智的,劝得进去的,

[



] inadvisable



3



ad vice


有建议的意思,


是不可数名词,


同义词并且是可数名词举例:


suggestions,


recommendations, proposals, tips.

< p>


e.g.



furni ture



information


均 为不可数名词,


信息的可数名词为


messages



devise


design


都有设计的意思。区别在于:


devise< /p>


侧重于图形方面,名词


形式为


devic e


,设备的意思,而


design


表示 的设计有可能是看不见的,名词


形式同动词形式


design,


意为款式。注意区分。



revise



on


复习



supervise


监视



monitor


监视器



oversee


监督,审查,俯瞰



spy on


偷窥



12.



affect one



s eyesight


ef fect



effective



efficient



have a positive effect on


have a negative effect on


have little effect on


have lasting effect on



valid


效力



infections


传染病



defect


缺陷




to improve


to perfect


to better


to enhance





13.



altitude=hight


attitude to


approach to


answer to


access to


solution to


key to



right to


response to


reward to




multitude




a ~ of


大量的







4



14.



表示预期,预见的一组单词:




anticipate, predict, forecast, foresee, foretell, estimate









participate in=take part in


参与





get involved in


卷入


.





participant



a


参与的;有份的

< br>n.


参加者,参与者





participation



n.


参与,参加



15.



apartment



n.


房间,公寓



flat



n.


平地,平面,公寓



16.



吸引某人:



appeal to sb.


interest sb.


fascinates sb.



名词


---------- ---


动词



response






respond


defense







defend


offense








offend


expense







expend


suspense






suspend


17.



approve of sth.


支持



n. approval


prove


证明



disprove sth./sb.


反对



improve


改进



reprove


谴责,批评



18.



scribe


刻,写



ascribe sth. to sb.


归咎于



owe sth. to sb.


归功于



attribute sth. to sb.


归因于



prescribe


开处方



prescription


处方



clinic


诊所



chemist


药剂师



to fill the prescription


按方抓药



description


在当描述讲时,相当于



an account of



acc ount


是名词)



to account for


解释(


account


是动词)



inscribe sth. on



subscribe to sb. for sth.


向某人订购某物



to contribute to


19.



spect




aspect


方面



in this aspect=in this respect




5


< /p>


关于


respect


的讨论:

< p>


respectable(


应该受人尊敬


)


respected(


已经受人尊敬


)


respectful


(饱含敬意的)



respective


各自的,方方面面的


irrespective of=regardless of=with no regard of


不管,不考虑




expect


(


注意介词


)


expect sb. to do sth.


expect sth. from sb.


expect sb. of sth




unexpected=abrupt


beyond one



s expectation


匪夷所思



inspect



tor


suspect n.


嫌疑犯


v.


怀疑



doubt=be uncertain


be doubious about


be skeptical about


be suspicious about


doubt



ul


suspect one



s motive


doubt one



s view


suspect


criminal


jury


witness


judge


victim


lawyer



perspective


from my perspective


from my point of view



prospect


前景



foreground


background


prospective candi date



prospective=hopeful




spectacles=glasses


眼镜



spectator


现场观众



audience


观众,听众



on-lookers


旁观者





6



20.



assemble


装配



install


安装



fix


固定



bear resemblance to sb./sth.


be similar to


be the same as


be identical with




=claim


断言,声称






e.g.



They asserted that


……





他们声称……








They made the assertion that


……




desert



n.


沙漠;抛弃



desert=refreshment


甜点



deserter


逃兵



关于舍:



desert


当抛弃,舍弃讲时,反义词为


obtain





discard


丢弃,反义词


get





abandon


当抛弃讲,后面加抽象名词,理想、信念等, 其反义词为


acquire


关于得:



gain


(后加


fame



fortune


等好的名词)


get


(后面加好与不好的都可以)如:


get punished/fined


win support/election/a game


win her money


不能说


win her


defeat/beat sb.




ment





evalute tion





appraise sal





access to





e.g.



you have no access to


……






to assess the loss


评估损失






possess


拥有



process


处理



processing


data processing


CPU



P



processing


economic recession


economic decline


economic depression


economic crisis



听力中容易出现的关于休息的单词:



recess





break





rest


succeed in doing sth.



7



failed to do sth.(


根本没做


)


fail in doing sth.


(做了,没做成)



be unable to do sth.


succeed to sb.


继承



successive


连续性



successor


继承人



available


正确答案



resource available


available resource


access to


正确答案



accession to


加入




征兆






assign sth. to sb.





assignments=homework



resign from one



s position


辞职



withdraw


退出(比赛,谈判)



step down


下台




帮助






assist sb. in doing sth.





关于< /p>


help


的一组短语:






help sb. in doing sth.





help sb. with sth.





help sb. to do sth.





help sb. toward sth.


帮助某人走向……






help sb. out of sth.


帮助某人走出困境






help sb. to help himself


帮助某人自助






帮助:










assistance









help









aids









support





助手:










assistant









associate


副手










deputy


代理者










vic e



a.



+


职位










attendant


随从






consist







consist of sth.





consist in sth.


取决于,在于






关于取决于的词组:










depend on









rely on



8










rest with









lie in









count on





坚持:



insist on sth.



persist in sth.


stick to sth.


adhere to sth.


cling to sth.


hold on





resist


抵抗






irresistible


不可抗拒的







resistant







virus- resistant


抗病毒的







water- resistant


防水的






water- proof


防水的




假设;承担职务、责任(常考)






in assumption that


以……为前提






consume



ation





consuming





brain-consuming





money-consuming






brain-saving





money-saving









resume +to do/+doing =continue





resume


=PS(personal statement)





presume


可以证明的假设






assume


不需要证明,姑且说……



26. sure







be sure of





be sure that





be certain of






be certain about





be positive of/about









assure sb. sth.





assure sb. that





assurance





ensure=make sure


确保






e.g.



we can do sth. to ensure that


……






insure


投保






insure some money





insurance policy


保单




9






insurance dealer


保险推销员






reassure


反复担保



=hold





attain the first





championship





attain one



s dream









attain



ment





maintain



inance





e.g.



They maintain/insist that


……






sustain


支持,维系







detain


拘留






sustainable





development






28. attend---attendant---attention---attentiveness





to attend one



s funeral





to attend one



s lecture





attendance rate


出勤率






to check the attendance


点名










contend


辩论,争论






extend

< br>延长,使延伸(指长度,线性的延伸)


e.g.



to extend the vacation





expand


全方位延伸(指面积)






increase


(数量的)增长






inf lation


上涨,膨胀(指价格,物价)










extension number


分机号码






operater


总机






put through


接通










intend


打算



~to do sth.





with the intention of doing sth.





with the purpose of doing sth.





with the intent to do sth.






pretend




pretend to do sth.


pretend to be sleeping


t





attractive=eye- catching


,但用于写作中,后者更好一些






con tract



n.


合同


v.


感染,传染






distract


分神






subtract



n.


下拉式菜单


v.


扣除,减 去




10






abs tract



n.


摘要;


a.


抽象的※



(反义词< /p>


concrete


具体的)






general


笼统的(反义词



specific


具体的)



ute





复习:


attribute sth. to sb.


归因于












owe sth. to sb.


归功于












ascribe sth. to sb.


归咎于






contribute







contribute


……


to


投稿






make great contribution to





normal distribution


正态分布






abnormal distribution


非正态分布






retribution


惩罚,责备



sb. up


生理上唤醒






awake


(意识上,感觉上)唤醒


=arouse


,过去式


awoke





stay awake


清醒的状态






stay asleep


熟睡的状态






woke


the car


倒车






park the car


停车






back issue/number


过刊






current issue


现刊






back sb. up


支持某人






back seat driver


指手划脚的人










feedback


反馈






setback


挫折






callback


召回的产品






drawback


缺点,缺陷






benefit






crack


缝隙,间隙






fire cracker


爆竹






hack


用斧子砍






hacker


黑客






jack of all trades


全能人才






the lack of


缺乏






to pack up


整理,打包






package


行李,包裹






snacks


小吃(零食)






flavors


风味






des sert/refreshment


都是


snack

< p>
的一种




tack


别针



tack into



11



track




1


)路径,


track&field events


田径项目



2



v. track sb. down


跟踪某人



3



side- tracked


偏离轨道



sb. behind


把某人落在后面






fall behind


被甩在后面






jet-lag


时差






in rags


衣衫褴褛


=shabby





price tag


价签






关于摇晃,震动的一组词:






wag





shake





earthquake





shiver





~sb.





bailsome


赎金






复习:


fail to do sth.











fail in doing sth.





hail victory


欢呼






mailman=postman





air mail





special delivery





registered mail





ordinary mail





e-mail





express mail service



EMS



black mail


勒索信



kidnap


绑架



nail


钉子



hammer


榔头,锤子



finger nail


指甲



nail oil


指甲油



pail


挤奶时候用的桶



rail


铁条,扶梯,如:


rail way



handrail


sail


帆船,航行



sailor


水手



tail


尾巴,


e.g.

< p>


~coat


燕尾服



tailor



n.


裁缝


v.


裁剪




烤,


e.g.



to ~ a cake





fake identity


fake diploma


false tooth


false smile



12



一组与水有关的词:



lake


sea


ocean


river


stream


溪流



pond


塘(天然的)



pool


池(人工的)




to pool a car=car pooling


拼车



resource pooling


资源共享




make



~faces


the make of a car


汽车的牌子


=brand


make peace with sb.


与某人讲和



rake


用耙子搂,




for its own sack


为了自己的利益



for the sack of



看在……的份上



take up of


占到……,达到……



take up


拿起,开始从事



take in =absorb


take sb. in


收留某人



take on sb.=employ


take away


外卖



take off


起飞,脱下,离开



常用的


11


个动词:


take,make,set ,get,turn,go,come,have,send,bring,give,


相关的


词组非常重要,阅读和完形都容易出现。



sb. from doing sth.





to impose a ban


实施禁令



to lift a ban


解除禁令



canned food


罐装食品




man to man


face to face


man of men


woman of women



pan-pot


panic buying


running nose





schedule


时间表






pest


害虫



pet


宠物




13



tongue


舌头



lung




ambulance


救护车



alcohol


酒精



agony


痛苦



canteen


餐厅



band


:乐队,


music ~


;级别,


~four


handout


讲义



hand in=turn in =submit


上交



at hand=available


second-hand=used


land


着陆



take off


起飞



landlord/landlady


房主



housekeeper


打扫房间的人



beached


搁浅



castle on the beach


空中楼阁



sand in a wheel


害群之马



sandstorm


沙尘暴



desert


沙漠




坏人(一群)






dozen 12


hang


悬挂( 过去式


hung



,绞死(过去分词< /p>


hanged




hung up


hold on


to ring sb. up


to call sb.


to telephone sb.



ring


过去式


rang


sing


过去式


sang



银行



banker


银行家



bank industry


银行业



bankrupt


riverbank


河堤,河岸




rank




1



military rank


军衔



military equipment


军事装备



military personnel


军事人员



military installation


军事设施



2


)排名



ranking


排序




14



be ranked as


sink


过去式


sank


下沉



sinking


下陷,下沉



3


)箱



oil tank


油箱



water tank


水箱





开瓶器






manner


行为(好的)



behavior


行为(好坏兼有)



habit


习惯(好坏兼有)



custom


习俗(一群人)



tradition


传统(一群人)




条状物



a bar of soap


a bar of chocolate


put the bars


把某人送进牢狱



关于车的一组词:



car


vehicle


机动车总称



aotomobile


机动车总称



van


客货两用车



wagon


四轮车



truck


卡车



pickup


皮卡




far


有两组比较级和最高级:



far-father-farthest


far- further-furthest



to further sth.


消化



to better sth.


改善




be far from satisfactory


be far from completed


be far from enough



target


目标



forget


忘记



budget


财政



budget deficit


财政赤字




war


战争



battle


战役




15



e.g.



You may win the battle but you will lose the war.


bare-head


形容没戴帽子



bald


秃头



bare-handed


手无寸铁



bare-foot


赤脚医生



barely


勉强,几乎不(否定副词)放在句首要倒装




关于


care


的一组词:



care share


daycare center


health care


medical care


care taker


take care



关于勇敢的一组词:



dare- daring


courageous


brave


bold



fare



bus~


车费


< p>
toll



~gate


加 油站



tip


小费



fine


罚款



rent


房租



tuition


学费



fee


杂费



scholarship


奖学金



loan


贷款



deposit


存款



postage


邮资



laundry


洗衣服的费用



stock


股票



check


支票



credit card


信用卡




rare species animal


rare earth



ware


器皿



hardware


software


silver ware



16



ware house


仓库



barks





human skin


animal hides


leather



post mark


邮戳



label-logo


tag


parking lot


停车场



park the car


fin


=basis





basement





basics



mean


抠门的,吝啬的,不道德的



vice


不道德的,邪恶的



express train


novel


新颖的



even


公平的




~number


偶数



make it even with sb.


still=quiet


just=fair


minute=tiny


case


案例



in case=lest


以防万一



in case of +n.


in that case


如果那样的话



phase

< p>
阶段


=stage=period


vase


花瓶



-combat-battle





overweight


lose weight


keep figrue


put on weight


be on diet


to keep slim


to watch my weight


to keep fit



take care


fat wallet fat income




17



hat


不带沿的帽子



cap


帽子



straw hat


草帽



关于草的一组词:



straw


稻草



grass


草地,草坪



weed


杂草



hay


干草



e.g.



There is no garden without weeds.


tap water


自来水



tap into


开发,利用



pit




a fall in pit, a gain in wit


吃一堑长一智



tip



,


南端



at the tip of my tongue


tip- pit


pot-top



rat- mouse-mice


mall rats


购物狂



drowned rats


落汤鸡



sat


sit


的过去式)



sit down


坐下



sit up


坐直



slow up


逐渐慢下去



slow down


逐渐慢下来




providing that


provided that



se at



n.


座位



v.


请坐



please be seated.



a cold





catch sight of


瞥见,看见



catch a glimpse of


by bus


on a bus



cast eyes on sb.


递秋波,抛媚眼



cast an eye on sb.


关照,照顾




as a result


in result



18




as a consequence


in consequence


以上几组词要注意介词的搭配




stop the thief


抓贼



catch one



s flight


赶上飞机



miss one



s flight


错过飞机




hatch


孵化




to ~ the egg



latch


门闩



key


lock



match




1)



to ~ sth.


配对,把……连起来




~maker


红娘



2)



比赛


= competition


,另外表示比赛的词:


race



game


3)



火柴



~girl









patch


一片,一块(量词)




a~of





rice patch


稻田






snatch


抢,夺






select


仔细选择



to watch one



s weight


当心自己的体重




牛群






关于牛的一组词:



beef


cow


奶牛,母牛



bull


公牛



ox


公牛




calf


小牛



buffalo


水牛




cowboy


牛仔



jeans


牛仔裤



road bully


路霸



microphone hog


麦霸




rattle


摇晃




~snake


响尾蛇



=gulf


海湾



at bay


put sb. at bay


把某人陷入绝境



clay





19




day




another day


将来哪一天



the other day


过去的那一天




lay-lie-lay-lain


lay out


摆设



lay off


下岗



layoffs


dropouts


辍学的学生



layouts


格局,布局



to lay an egg


per day=everyday



情态动词:


can,may,will,dare


will n.


意愿,愿望,遗嘱



at one



s free will


against one



s will


be willing to do


很愿意做某事



willingness


愿意




may-might


might as well


不妨,倒不如(表示建议)



might =power


might is right


almighty


无所不能的




~God


mighty boy



need


e.g.



A friend in need is a friend indeed.


in need


落魄的




must


e.g.



It is a must that students should pass CET-4.




pay


pay off


付清,还清



payment


付款



paid


pay


的过去式)



paid service


有偿服务




ray



X-ray


a beam of rays



20



say sth.


say in English


speak English


has little say on the child education



way


one-way street


单行道



railway


waterway


subway


airway


freeway


不限速的路



highway


公路



expressway


直达路



by way of =via


通过……



by the way


on one



s way


去……的路



in one



s way


挡住某人的路



in no way


under no circumstance


in no sense


by no means


on no account


in that way


in this way



to sth.





bring about sth.


result in sth.


give rise to


contribute to sth.


有助于



lead sb. to do sth.


引导某人去做




lead a horse to water


lead(< /p>



)-content


铅含量

< p>



reading


r eaders


读物


/


读者



well- read


畅销的,受欢迎的



mind-reader


心里计划好




bean




dean


系主任,院长



president


校长




21



有关裤子的单词:



jeans


trousers


tights


slacks


pants


shorts


brief



lean-learn


lean on/against


mean

< br>(吝啬的,抠门的)


-means


手段,方式

< p>


traffic means


communication means


当工具讲时是抽象的




by no means


by means of


not by any means


记住用法




means=average


hug


熊抱






同音词:


bear-bare


bea r


有生的意思,过去分词为


born



dear


听力中通常是


expensi ve


的意思




fear


害怕,恐惧



fearful


充满恐惧的




表示害怕的一组词组:



be afraid of


by terrified at


be frightened by


be horrified at



gear box


变速箱



geared to success


全速驶向成功



at full gear



hear


(听到)




listen to


(听)



hear say


道听途说



hear of sb.


hear from sb.



22

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