-
如何<
/p>
paraphrase
英语句子
余明朝
陕西省商南县高级中学
关于
paraphrase
这个词：
前缀
para-
的意思是
“
差不多，
几乎，
相似
< br>”
，
phrase
的意思是
“
表
达
”
。顾名思义，
paraphrase
就是用不同
的话语或自己的话语表达相同的意思。即“释义，改
述”之意。要忠实、通顺地释义句子
，首先必须对原句有透彻的理解，然后把所理解的东西
用自己熟悉的词汇、
句型加以确切的表达。
透彻的理解和确切的表达实在不易，
< br>但应当是我
们的理想和努力方向。只要专心致志，锲而不舍，不断提高语言知识水
平，不断通过实践，
总结经验，
忠实而又通顺的释义句子的目标
是可以达到的。
那么，
如何
parap
hrase
一个句子？
下面就谈谈技巧。
一、改变词序。
即把句子的前后顺序颠倒，根据情况，个别
词汇要做调整。例如：
She continued to do her job despite her
poor health.
尽管她身体差，还是继续上着班。
→Despite her poor health, she continued
to do her job.
The chaos in
the south was worsening due to ineffective
policies and misuse of power.
由于
< br>无效的政策和乱用权力，南方的混乱局面在加剧。
→Due to ineffective policies and misuse
of power, the chaos in the south was
worsening.
There has been a growth in the number
of starving population in the last decade.
< br>在刚刚过去
的十年里，饥饿人口增加了。
→In the last decade there has been a
growth in the number of starving
population.
Overuse of
ground water would cause widespread dryness.
过度利用地下水会造成普遍干
燥。
→Widespread dryness would b
e
a result of overuse of ground water.
二、
转化词性。
词性的转化指的是一个词不变化其词形或变化其词形，而由一种词类
转化为另一种词类。比如，名词通常被转化为动词来使用：
book
n.
书
→ v.
预定，
diet n.
日
常饮食
→v.
节食，
dress n.
服装
→ v.
给谁穿衣服，
eye n.
眼睛
→ v.
看，
注视，
hand n.
手
→v.
递，
nurs
e n.
护士
→v.
照料，
taste n.
味道
→v.
< br>品尝，尝起来，
solution
n.
解决方案
→solve
v.
解
决，
signature
n.
签字
→sign
v.
签字。例如：
The
company needs to find a solution for this problem.
该公司需要找到一个解决这个难题
的方案。
- 1 -
→The company needs to
solve this problem.
The poor economy has been the cause of
high
unemployment.
不景气的经济导致高失业率。
→The poor
economy has
caused high unemployment.
If you eat rabbit, you will find its
taste like chicken.
如果你吃兔肉，就会发现它的味道如
同鸡肉。
→If
you eat rabbit, you will find it
tastes
like chicken.
Fifty-four men signed the
Declaration of Independence.
五十四个人签下《独立宣
言》
。
→Fifty
-four men put their
signatures on the Declaration of Independence.
三、使用同义词或词组，即
“
词语替代法
”
。
英语
里有很多同义词或词组，它们的意思
相同或相似。
此法是指用词
性相同的同义词、
近义词或同义词组对原句的某些成分进行相应
的替代，
而句子意思保持不变。
比如，
我们可以把
“Movies can be divided into three
categories
.
”
释义为
“Movies can
be divided into three types.”
很明显，用
types
代替了
ca
tegories
。因此，
就要求我们在英语学习过程中尽可能
多地掌握同义词（组）
。例如：
Overuse of ground water would lead to
pervasive drought.
过度利用地下水会造成普遍干
< br>旱。
→
Overuse of ground water
would cause widespread dryness.
She
continued to carry out her duty although she was
in poor health.
尽管她身体不好，还是
继续履
行职责。
→She continued
to
do her job despite her poor health.
The firm has dismissed experienced
staff and substituted them with young people on
lower
salary.
公司已
经解雇了熟练工，取而代之的是薪水较低的年轻人。
→The
company has made
experienced staff leave their job and replaced
them with young
people on lower pay.
四、
使用否定或反义表达。
即把肯定表达变
成否定表达，
把否定表达变成肯定表达。
比
如，我们可以把
“Rather than building a
traditional memorial, the city built a park”
释义为
“The
city did
not build a traditional memorial; instead it built
a park.”
就把肯定形式变成了否定形
式，但句意相同
。例如：
Shaun was disappointed,
beca
use the movie wasn’t very good.
肖恩失望了，因为电影不好
看。
→Shaun wasn’t satisfied, because the
movie wasn’t very good.
- 2 -
Japan is a
large country, compared to European
countries.
与欧洲相比，日本是个大国。
→Japan is not a small
coun
try, compared to European
countries.
Geri wanted some candy, but
the bowl was empty.
格里想要些糖，但碗里却是空的。
→Geri wanted some candy, but there
wasn’t any in the bowl.
五、改
变句子结构。英语句子结构复杂多样，但释义时应用最基本、最简明、最典型
的英语句子
。
1.
使用
“There
+be+
主语
”
句型。
例如：<
/p>
The number of hungry people
has increased in the last decade.
在过去十年中
，
饥饿民众的数
量增加了。
第一步：
→The number of
starving population has grown in the
last decade.
第二步：
→
There has
been a growing number of starving population in
the last decade.
或者：
→
There has been
a growth in the number of starving population in
the last decade.
2.
使用
“It is +adj
.
+for +
名词
/
代词
+
不定式
”
结构。
例如：
It is
+
important/essential/necessary
difficult/hard/easy
common/usual/unusual
probable/possible/impossible/likely/
unlikely
You need the most up-to-date
antivirus programs to ensure your hard drive and
e-mail are not
infected.
你需要最新的杀毒软件来确保硬盘和电子邮件不被病毒感染。
第一步：
→You
must
have the most modern antivirus programs to make
sure your hard drive
and e-mail are not
damaged.
或者：
→You
must have the most modern antivirus programs to
protect
your hard drive and
e-mail.
第二步：
→
It is
necessary (for you) to have the most modern
antivirus programs to protect
your hard
drive and e-mail.
The
power plant would aggravate the shortage of water
in the area if it was given permission
to use up to 50,000 cubic meters of
water a day.
如果允许这座发电厂一天用掉五万立方米的
水，就会使该地区缺水现象更加严重。
第一步：
→The power plant would
worsen the water shortage in the area
if it was allowed to
consume up to
50,000 cubic meters of water daily.
+for+
代词
/
名词
to+
不定式
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