-
.
.
.
如何掌握长难句
复杂长句是考研阅读
理解短文的最显著特点之一，
是文章语言难度所在，
也是命
题者常常出题之处。
因此具备较好的剖析复杂长句的能力，
对于考研阅读理解至
关重要。
复杂长句典型的特
点是，
多个语法现象或特殊句式同时出现在一个较长
的句子中，
使句子修饰词很多，句中套句，成分中套成分，从而造成考生对其准
确意义的理解困难。
对于复杂长句，
< br>不管其结构多么复杂多变、
盘根错节，
只要把握住句子结
构的主
脉络抓住句子的关键词和关键信息，
再根据自己所掌握的
各种语法知识及一些特
殊句式的构成规律，就可理清头绪，找到思路。由于复杂长句很难
理解，考生在
平时阅读时应多加练习。
下面分
8
类总结了最典型的
70
句真题长难句，希望考生复习时能多揣摩，如能
将其中英文全部背熟
，长难句肯定过关。
第一节
比较结构
are already
robot systems that can perform some kinds of
brain and bone surgery with
submillimeter accuracy
—
far
greater
precision than highly skilled
physicians can achieve with their
hands alone.
【参考译文】
现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的脑部和骨骼手
术
---
这要比极具技巧的医生单单用手精确得多。
word
格式资料
.
.
.
2.I have
discovered
，
as perhaps Kelsey
will after her much-publicized
resignation from the editorship of She
after a build-up of
stress
，that abandoning the
doctrine of “juggling your life”，
and
making the alternative move into
“downshifting” brings with it far
greater rewards than financial success
and social status
．
【参考译文】
或许正像凯尔西在不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在
《她》
杂志社的
编辑一职之后—样，我已经发现，放弃那种
“为生活忙碌”的人生信条并转而追
求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和
社会地位。
in America the trend
started as a reaction to the economic
decline
—
after the
mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the
late’80s—
and is still linked
to the politics of thrift
，
in
Britain
，
at
least
among the middle-class down shifters of my
acquaintance
，
we
have different reasons for seeking to
simplify our lives.
【参考译文】在美国，这一返朴趋势是以经
济衰落的反应为开始的
---
那是在
8
0
年代末期裁员而引起大量的失业之后
---
< br>现在依然与提倡节俭的政纲相关；而在
英国，
最起码在我
所熟识的中产阶级返朴归隐者中，
追求简约生活的原因就多种
多
样了。
nly people do not seem
less interested in success and its
signs now than
formerly
．
Summer
homes
，
European travel
，
BMWs
—
the
locations
，
place
names and name brands may
change
，
but such items do
word
格式资料
.
.
.
not seem less
in demand today than a decade or two years
ago
．
【参考译文】
当然，
人们现在对成功及其各种标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。
消
夏别墅、欧陆旅行、宝马车
---
地点、地各以及品牌或许会有变化，但这类事物
在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不
会亚于一二十年前。
is entirely
reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists
who know exactly where they are going
and how they will get there
should not
be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye
on the
cash register while the other
eye is on the microscope
．
【参考译文】
审查者完全有理由相信，
知道
自己准备做什么、
怎么做的科学家不
应该因为必须一只眼盯着收
银机，—只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。
experiments are planned and carried out according
to plan as
faithfully as the reports
in the science journals
indicate
，
then it
is perfectly logical for management to
expect research to produce
results
measurable in dollars and
cents
．
【参考译文】
如果试验是像科学杂志上的报告所示的那样如实地根据计划规划和
实施的
话那么对管理层来说，
期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量的结果是完全合
理的。
current passion for
making children compete against their
classmates or against the clock
produces a two-layer
system
，
in which
competitive A-types seem in some way
better than their B type
fellows
．
word
格式资料
.
.
.
【参考译文】
< br>现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，
在这个结构里
面善于竞争的
A
类好像在某个方面要比他们
B
类的同辈更胜一筹。
第二节
非谓语结构
to say,
this project has turned out be mostly low-level
findings about factual errors and
spelling and grammar
mistakes
，
combined
with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what
in the world those readers really
want
．
【参考译文】
遗憾地讲，
这次新闻机构可信度调查计划结果只获得了一些十分低
层次的发现，
比如新闻报道中的事实错误，
拼
写或语法错误
(
和这些低层次发现
)<
/p>
交织在一起的还有许多令人挠头的困惑，譬如读者到底想读些什么。
examples of Virtual Vineyards
，
Amazon
．
com
，
and other pioneers
show that a web site selling the right
kind of products with the
right mix of
interactivity, hospitality, and security will
attract
online customers.
【参考译文】像
Virtual
V
ineyards
，
这样的先驱网站表
明，一个将交互性、热情服务和安全
性合理结合以销售同类商品的网址是可以吸引网上客
户注意的。
invisible border
divides those arguing for computers in the
classroom on the behalf
of
students’ career prospects and those
arguing for computers in the classroom
for broader reasons of
radical
education reform
．
word
格式资料
.
.
.
【参考译文】
< br>有些人为了学生的就业前景为教室里放置电脑而辩，
有些人为教育
的彻底改革中更为广泛的理由为教室早放置电脑而辩，
这两群人之间有一条无形
的界线。
，
for a small
group of
students
，
professional
training might be
the way to go since
well-developed skills
，
all
other factors being
equal
，
can be the
difference between having a job and
not
．
【参考译文】但是，对一个
小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为
在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴
熟是得到工作与否的关键。
e current
federal law already forbids the use of federal
funds to create embryos (the earliest
stage of human offspring
before birth)
for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's
life
，
NBAC will
remain silent on embryo
research
．
【参考译文】因
为现今的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆胚胎
(
人类后裔在
出生前的最早阶段
)
用于研究或者有意
地威胁胚胎的生命，
NBAC
在胚胎研究上将
< br>保持沉默。
colleague
，
Michael Beer, says
that far too many companies have
applied re-engineering in a mechanistic
fashion, chopping out costs
without
giving sufficient thought to long-term
profitability.
【参考译文】他的同事迈克尔
•
比尔说，有太多的公司已经用一种机械的
方式
实行公司内部的重新设计，在没有充分考虑长期赢利的能力下削减了成本。
word
格式资料
.
.
.
ers of science
have also voiced their concerns at meetings
such as
“The Flight from
Science and Reason”
，
held in
New York City
in 1995
，and
“Science in the Age Of ( Mis )
information”，
which
assembled last June near
Buffalo
．
【参考译文】科学
卫士们在会议上也表述了他们的关注，比如．
1995
年在纽约
市举行的“逃离科学与理性”会议，以及去年
6
月在布法罗附近召开的“(错误
)
信息时代的科学”会
议。
six months of arguing
and final 16 hours of hot
parliamentary
debates
，
Australia's Northern
Territory became the
first legal
authority in the world to allow doctors to take
the
lives of incurably ill patients
who wish to die
．
【参考译文】
经过了六个月的争论以及最后
16
个小时的激烈的议会辩论
,
澳大利
< br>亚北部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立法当
局。
are
，
of course
．
exceptions
．
Small-
minded officials
，
rude
waiters
，
and ill
mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the <
/p>
U
．
S
．
Yet it is an observation made so
frequently that it deserves
comment
．
< br>【参考译文】当然，例外是存在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员，粗鲁的侍者，和
没
有礼貌的出租车司机也并不少见。
然而人们常常得出这样的观察意见，
< br>这使得
它值得被讨论一下。
word
格式资料
.
.
.
of the
language used to describe monetary policy, such as
“steering the economy to a soft
landing” of “a touch on the
brakes
makes it sound like a
precise science
．
Nothing
could be further from
the truth.
【参考译文】有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如“轻踩刹车”以“操纵经济
< br>软着陆”
，
使货币政策听起来象是一门精确的科学。
没有什么比这更远离实际情
况的了。
Fulton once wrote, “The
me
chanic should sit down among
levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc like
a poet among the letters of
the
alphabet
，
considering them as
an exhibition of his
thoughts
，
in
which a new arrangement transmits a new
idea”．
【参考译文】罗伯特
.
法欧特曾经这样写到：“一个技师会坐在杠杆，螺丝钉，
楔子，
轮子等等当中就像一个使人沉浸在字母表的字母中，
把这些字母
看成自己
思想的展现，在这样的展现中，每种新的次序安排都传达了一种新的思想。”<
/p>
serves directly to assist a
rapid distribution of goods at
reasonable
price
，
thereby establishing a
firm home market and so
making it
possible to provide for export at competitive
prices.
【参考译文】
它
(<
/p>
广告
)
能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价
格被迅速分销出去，
因
此可以
(
使公司
)
建立一个坚固的国内市场，
同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出
口变得可能。
word
格式资料
.
.
.
the American
economy, the concept of private property embraces
not only the ownership of productive
resources but also certain
rights,
including the right to determine the price of a
product or
to make a free contract
with another private
individual
．
【参考译
文】在美国经济中
,
私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有
权，也
指其他—些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体
(
经济单位
)
自由签订合同的
权利。
the same time these
computers record which hours are busiest
and which employers are the most
efficient
，
allowing personnel
and
staffing assignments to be made
accordingly
．
And they also
identify
preferred customers for
promotional campaigns
．
【参考译文】
同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，
< br>哪些员工工作效率最高，
这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。
而且它们
(
计算机
)
也能为促销活动找到那些
拥有优先权的顾客。
第三节
定语从句
another
level, many in the medical community acknowledge
that
the assisted-suicide debate has
been fueled in part by the despair
of
patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the
physical agony
of dying.
【参
考译文】
在另一个层面上，
很多医疗界的人承认，
关于医生帮助下的自杀的
word
格式资料
.
.
.
讨论部分是因为病人的绝望情绪
，
对他们来说，
现在医学已经延长了死亡的身体
痛苦。
other
words
，
there is a
conventional story line in the newsroom
culture that provides a backbone and a
ready-made narrative
structure for
otherwise confusing new
．
【参考译文】
换句话说，
在媒介机构的新闻采编室文化中存在着一套约定俗成的写作模式，
为
新闻报道提供了主干框架以及可直接套用的叙述结构。
若没有这些，
新闻内容就
会一团混乱，让人摸不着头脑。
it is a little upsetting to read in
the explanatory notes
that a certain
line describes a fight between a Turkish and a
Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which
they both fall into the
river---and
then to find that the line consists of the noise
of
their failing and the weights of
the officers
，“Pluff! Pluff! A
hundred and eighty-five
kilograms
．”
【参考译文
】
但当我们先是从注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保
加利亚军官在桥上动手打架并双双掉进河里，
而后却发现该行诗中不过只充斥着
“扑通，扑通，
185
公斤重”这类对他们
落水时的动静以及对军官们体重的描写
时，我们不免感到困惑不安。
coming of age of the postwar baby
boom and an entry of women
into the
male-dominated job market have limited the
opportunities of
word
格式资料
.
.
.
teen-agers who
are already questioning the heavy personal
sacrifices
involved in climbing
Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and
jobs
．
【参考译文】
战后婴儿潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主导的劳动力市场使
得青少年的发展机会变得极为有限，
他们已经在不停地质疑日本国内为了
爬上那
通往优秀学校和体面工作的严酷的社会阶梯而做出的巨大的个人牺牲。
d
，
we are
treated to fine hypocritical
spectacles
，
which now
more than ever seem in ample
supply
：
the critic of
American
materialism with a
Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical
books who takes his meals in three-star
restaurants; the journalist
advocating
participatory democracy in all phases of life,
whose own
children are enrolled in
private schools
．
【参考译文】
相反，
我们有幸看到这样一些虚伪的壮观景象，<
/p>
他们似乎比以前的
任何时候都更供应充足：
美国式物质主义的批判者却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山
庄；
激
进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用—日三餐；
倡导在人生各个阶段的参
与民主制的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。
ways of organizing the
workplace
—
all that re-
engineering and
downsizing
—
are
only one contribution to the overall productivity
of
an
economy
，
which is driven by
many other factors such as joint
investment in equipment and machinery,
new technology
，
and
investment
in education and training.
word
格式资料
.
.
.
【参考译文】
< br>企业重组的新方法
---
所有那些重新设计、
缩小规模的做法
---
只是
对一个经济的整体生产力做出了一方面的贡献。
这种经济还受许多其他因素的驱
动，比如联合设备和机械上的投资、新技术，以及在教育和培训上的投资。
live in a society in which the
medicinal and social use of
substances
(drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a
headache
，
some
wine to be sociable, coffee to get
going in the morning, a cigarette
for
the nerves.
【参考译文】
在我们生活的社会，<
/p>
物质
（药物）
在医疗和社交方面的使用很
广泛：
服用阿司匹林以减缓头痛，
喝点酒以增进友谊，
早上喝点咖啡提神，
吸烟以消除
紧张情绪。
most thrilling explanation
is unfortunately
，
a little
defective
．
Some
economists argue that powerful structural changes
in
the world have upended the old
economic models that were based upon
the powerful link between growth and
inflation
．
【参考译文】
很不幸，
这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。
一些经济学家认为世界
经济结构的强有力的变化已经结束了那个以经济增长和通货膨
胀的历史关联为
基础的旧的经济模式。
Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A
technologist thinks about
objects that can not be reduced to
unambiguous verbal
descriptions
：
they
are dealt with in his mind by a
visual
，
nonverbal
process...The designer and the
inventor...
，
are able to
assemble and
word
格式资料
.
.
.
manipulate in
their minds devices that as yet do not exist”.
【参考译文】正如尤金
•
;
弗格森所指出的那样：“一个技术专家思考那些
不能被简化成
能被清楚的语言描述的东西。
这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视
觉的、
非语言表述的过程处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中装配
并操作那些还不存在的装置。”
American economic system is, organized around a
basically
private-
enterprise
，
market-oriented
economy in which consumers
largely
determine what shall be produced by spending their
money in
the marketplace for those
goods and services that they want
most
．
【参考译文】
美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，
在这种
经济中消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务来决定
制造什么产品。
great interest in
exceptional children shown in public
education over the past three decades
indicates the strong feeling
in our
society that all citizens, whatever their special
conditions
，
deserv
e the opportunity to fully develop their
capabilities
．
【参考译文】在过去的
30
年中，公共教育中
显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明
了我们社会中的一种强烈的感情，
那就是所有的公民，
不管其情况有多特殊，
都
应享有充分发展其能力的机会。
word
格式资料
.
.
.
第四节
状语从句
d
，
the best
strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip
service to keep abreast of jobs in a
particular database
；
when you
get
E-mail
，
consider it a
reminder to check the database
again
．
【参考译文】
事实上，
运用这些搜索工具的最佳策略是将其看成为
“提醒服务”
，
借助它使自己保持对网站中职业机会的最新
了解：
收到邮件时，
将邮件看作是一
个
提醒，提醒自己去重新查阅网站。
34. If
railroads charged all customers the same average
rate
，
they
argue
，
shippers
who have the option of switching to trucks or
other
forms of transportation would do
so, leaving remaining customers to
shoulder the cost of keeping up the
line.
【参考译文】
他们争论说，
如果对所有的客户都收取一样平均的费用，
那些可以
转向公
路或者其他交通手段的发货商就会这么做，
致使剩余的客户承担维持铁路
经营的成本费用。
you are part
of the group which you are
addressing
，
you will be
in a position to know the experiences
and problems which are common
to all
of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a
passing
remark about the inedible
canteen food or the chairman's notorious
bad taste in
ties
．
【参考译文】
如果你是你讲话对象中的一员，
那么你就身处一种
(
有利
)
位置来了
word
格式资料
-
-
-
-
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