法院实用英语词汇

法院实用英语词汇

The International Court of Justice (ICJ)

联合

国国际法院

Jurisdiction

审判权

司法权

the UN Security Council

联合国安全理事会

veto power

否决权

Command theory

指挥理论

customary law

习惯法

jus cogens

强行法

adjourn

：延期再审

alibi

：不在现场证明

appeal

：上诉

appear (in court)

：出庭

bailiff

：庭丁，

(

法庭

)

警卫

by- law

：条例，细则

clause

：法律条款

defendant

：被告

dismerit(traffic offense point)

< br>：

（交通违规记）

缺点

driving under influence

：嗑药后驾驶

driving while intoxicated (DWI)

：

酒醉后驾驶

evidence

：证据

fine

：罚锾

first offense

：初犯

hear

：

(

法官

)

审理

hit and run

：肇事后逃离现场

illegal parking

：违规停车

indict

：起诉

jaywalking

：违规穿越马路

judge

：法官

negligent driving

：不小心驾驶

parallel parking

：平行停车

perjury

：伪证

plead guilty [not guilty]

：认罪

[

不认罪

]

preside

：

(

法官

)

列席

recess

：休庭

reckless driving

：鲁莽驾驶

ruling

：裁决

run the red light

：闯红灯

speeding

：驾车超速

take an oath

：宣誓

testify

：做证

traffic court

：交通法庭

traffic regulations

：交通规则

traffic violation

：交通违规

民商法学与经济法学专业词汇

按

照

出

资

比

例

：

in

proportion

to

one’s

respective contributions to the investment

办理注销登记：

cancel the registration

被代理人：

the principal

被侵权人

the infringed

本人名义：

in one’s name

标的

subject matter

补偿制度

compensation system

不动产登记制

Lot and Block System

财产法

property law

财产的添附

accretion

of

property;

property

accession

财产抵押权

property mortgage

财产继承权：

the right of inheritance

财产关系和人身关系：

property relations

hips and personal relationships

财产管理人

property administrator; cu

stodian of property

财产混同

confusion; hotchpot

财产留置权

encumbrance

采用书面形式：

in writing

仓单

warehouse voucher

草签合同

initial a contract; sign a r

eferendum contract; ad referendum con

tract

长期合同

long-term contract

偿付能力

solvency capability of reimb

ursement

超越代理权：

beyond the scope of on

e’s

power of agency

撤消合同

cancellation of contract

撤销合同

cancel a contract; rescind a

contract; avoid a contract

撤销权

right of rescission; right of

revocation

撤销要约

revocation of offer; revoke

an offer

撤销遗赠

cancellation o will; revocat

ioni of will

承运人

actual fault of the carrier

承运人的留置权

carrier’s lien

诚信原则

principle of good faith

诚实信用原则：

principle honesty and cr

edibility; principle of honestry and

good faith; good faith principle bo

na fide principle

船舶承租人

charterer

船舶抵押权

right of mortgage with res

pect to a ship; mortage of the ship;

ship mortgage

船舶抵押权的设定

establishment of mor

tgage of the ship

船舶抵押的消灭

extinguishments of the

mortgage of the ship

船舶抵押权登记

registration of ship m

ortgage

船舶留置权

possessory lien; lien of s

hip

村民委员会：

the village committee

惩罚性的损害赔偿

punitive damages

乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unf

avorable position

处分财产

dispose of properties

处分权

act of disposition

处分原则

principle of disposition

代理民事活动：

be represented in civil

activities by

代理权终止：

the expiration of one’

s p

ower of agency

单独承担的责任

undivided responsibili

ty

单方法律行为

unilateral obligation

单方行政行为

unilateral administrativ

e act

等价有偿：

making compensation for equa

l value

对等原则

principle of reciprocity

对价

consideration

对抗措施

counter measure

对人权

right in personam; personal rig

ht

对世权

real right; right in rem

恶意串通：

conspire maliciously

恶意行为

ill will mala fides

法人

judicial person; legal body

法人的权利能力

legal capacity of juri

stic person

法人的责任能力

capacity for responsib

ility of juristic person

法人权限

corporate power

法人人格

corporate personality

法人身份

status of a legal person

法人团体

corporation

法人资格

corporate capacity

法人组织章程：

the articles of associat

ion of the legal person

负共同连带责任

liable jointly and sev

erally

负全部责任

bear all responsibilities;

in all charge

负有解释的义务

accountable

负有连带义务的每个债务人：

each of the

joint debtors

附带的条件

incident

附带要求

contingent claim

附带原因

contributory cause; inherent

cause

附条件的民事法律行为：

conditional civi

l juristic acts

附条件的权利

conditional right

赋予权力

entitle

个体工商户：

individual businesses

个人合伙：

individual partnership

各尽所能，

按劳分配

from each according

to his ability, to each according to

his needs

给付定金：

leave a deposit with the oth

er party

工商行政管理机关：

the administrative a

gency for industry and commerce

公民基本义务

fundamental duties of ci

tizens

合同

contract

合同法

contract law

合同副本

copies of the contract

合同规定

contract provisions/stipulat

ions

合同履行地法

lex loci contractus

合同期限

contract period (or contract

term)

合同条款

contract terms (or contract c

lause)

合同有效期

contract life

合同正本

originals of the contract

合伙人：

partners

合议制

collegial system

核准登记的经营范围：

within the range a

pproved and registered

恢复原状

recovery of original state;

restitution; restoration of he origin

al conditions; retitutio in integrum

集体所有制企业：

an enterprise under co

llective ownership

技术合同纠纷案件

controversy over a t

echnology contract

监护人：

guardian

经主管机关核准登记：

approved and regis

tered by the competent authority

居民委员会：

the neighborhood committee

履行监护职责：

fulfill duty of guardian

ship

埋藏物、

隐藏物：

buried or concealed ob

ject

买卖、出租、抵押、转让：

be sold, lease

d, mortgaged or transferred

农村承包经营户：

leaseholding farm hous

eholds

平等主体：

civil subjects with equal st

atus

企业法人被撤销：

the dissolution of an

enterprise as legal person

企业法人分立、合并：

the division and m

erger of an enterprise as legal perso

n

企业法人解散：

disbanding of an enterpr

ise as legal person

契约自由

liberty of contract

取得不当得利：

profits acquired imprope

rly and without a lawful basis

取得法人资格：

be qualified as a legal

person

全民所有制企业：

an enterprise owned by

the whole people

让与

alien; alienate; assign; cede

让与的利益

benefit of cession

让与权

benefit of cessioni

设定义务的规则

rule of imposing duty

设立、变更、终止民事关系：

establish, c

hange or terminate civil relationship

所有权

ownership

书面合同

a written contract

双倍返还定金：

repay the deposit in dou

ble

双方法律行为

bilateral legal transact

ion

擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：

alte

r or rescind one’s act arbitrarily

他物权

right over the property of ano

ther

提供一定的财产作为抵押物：

offer a spec

ific property as a pledge

违反合同

breach of contract

委托代理：

entrusted agency

委托代理人：

an entrusted agent

无过错责任

liability without negligen

ce

无民事行为能力人：

a person having no c

apacity for civil conduct

无因管理：

act as manager or provide se

rvices in order to protect another pe

rson’

s interests when he is not legal

ly or contractually obligated to do s

o

下落不明

one’

s whereabouts have been

unknown

限制民事行为能力人：

a person with limi

ted capacity for civil conduct

享有连带权利的每个债权人：

each of the

joint creditors

行使代理权：

exercise the power of agen

cy

宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：

e … to be a person t

o be without or

with limited capacity for civil condu

ct

遗失物、

漂流物：

lost-and- found objects,

flotsam

以抵押物折 价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优

先得到偿还：

to keep the pledge to offs

et the debt or have priority in satis

fying his claim out of the proceeds f

rom the sale of the pledge

以合法形式掩盖非法目的：

perform under

the guise of legitimate acts which co

nceal illegitimate purposes

以欺诈、

胁迫的手段：

as a result of che

ating or coercion

意思表示

show one’s intention

意思表示真实：

the intention expressed

is genuine

优先购买的权利：

a right of pre- emption

优先权

priority, preemptive right

有过错的一方：

the erring party

有连带责任的

conjunctly and severally

有权向债务人追偿：

have the right to cl

aim repayment from the debto

造成财产损失：

cause any property loss

责任能力

capacity for responsibility

责任年龄

capacity of responsibility;

year of discretion

债的标的

object of obligation

债的发生

creation of obligation

债的消灭

extinction of obligation

占有人有权留置该财产：

the possessor sh

all have a lien on the property

指定代理：

appointed agency

执行合同

carry out a contract, exec

ute/implement/fulfill/perform a contr

act

主要办事机构：

the main administrative

office

追偿：

claim compensation from

住所：

domicile

刑法学和行政法学专业词汇

帮助当事人毁灭、

伪造证据罪

crime of ai

ding a client to destroy or forge evi

dence

绑架妇女儿童罪

crime of kidnapping wo

men and children

包庇、

纵容黑社会性质组织罪

crime of ha

rboring a mafia-style syndicate

包庇毒品犯罪分子罪

crime of harboring

drug criminals

报复陷害罪

case of retaliation and fra

me-ups

必要共同犯罪

indispensable joint crim

e

并科原则

doctrine of cumulating punis

hments

剥夺权利

deprival of rights

不能犯

impossibility; unrealized offe

nse

参加恐怖活动组织罪

crime of taking pa

rt in an organization engaged in terr

orist activities

超越管辖权

excess of jurisdiction

超越职权范围

overstep one’

s authority

惩办和宽大相结合

combine punishment wi