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中英习语解释性翻译或形象具体互译
一、以《浮生六记》为例
1.
一灯如豆
…The light of a
rapeseed oil lamp was then burning as
small as a pea.
2.
但李诗宛如姑射仙子，有一种落花流水之趣，令人可爱。
…
but Li
Po
’
s poems have the wayward
charm of a nymph. His lines come naturally like
dropping petals and flowing waters, and
are so much lovelier for their spontaneity.
3.
兼之玉碎香埋，不堪回首矣。
…
and the woman I loved is
dead, like broken jade and buried incense. How sad
indeed to
look back upon these things.
4.
芸初缄默，喜听余议论。余调其言，如蟋蟀之用纤草，渐
能发议。
Yun was at
first very quiet and loved to hear me talk, but I
gradually taught her the art of
conversation
as
one
leads
a
cricket
with
a
blade
of
grass.
She
then
learned
the
art
of
conversation.
5.
??有女名憨园
。
。
。亭亭玉立，真一泓秋水照人寒。
She had a girl by the name of
Hanyuan, who was a very sweet young maiden, still
in her teens.
Her eyes
looked
“
like an autumn lake
that cooled one by its cold
splendor
”
.
【
2
】
二、
Double-way:
literal translation; borrowing; paraphrase
1.
过街老鼠
（直译）
like a rat crossing the
street
(
意译
) the object
of universal condemnation; a bad man hated by
everybody
2.
门庭若市
(
直译
) the
courtyard is like a market.
（意译）
a much visited house; a
busy town; bustling; crowded
3.
望梅止渴
（直译）
to gaze at plums to
quench one’s thirst
（意译）
to
console
oneself
with
false
hopes;
to
feed
on
fancies
(illusion);
imagined
satisfaction; a Barmecide
（<
/p>
《一千零一夜》中一个口惠而实不至的人物）
feast.
4.
危如累卵
（直译）
as dangerous as a pile
of eggs
（意译）
hazardous in the
extreme; great insecurity; in a precarious
condition; at stake, at risk; at
hazard; in peril; in danger; perilous;
risky; critical...
5.
山雨欲来风满楼
（直译）
The wind sweeping
through the tower heralds a rising storm in the
mountains.
（意译）
A
turbulent situation foretells a big event; Coming
events cast their shadows before.
6.
树倒猢狲散
（直译）
When the tree falls, the
monkeys scatter.
（意译）
Members run away when
the family (constitution) falls; when an
influential person falls
from power,
his hangers-on disperse; Rats leave a sinking
ship.
7.
三个臭皮匠顶得上诸葛亮
（直译）
Three cobbers with their
wits combined equal ZhuGeliang the master mind.
(
意译
)
eamwork; Brainstorming;
Many hands make light work.; Two heads are better
than one.
(
拙译
)
wits combined are wits of great mind;
Wits combined are wits that satisfy;
8.
螳螂捕蝉
,
黄雀在后
（直译）
The mantis stalks the
cicada but behind them lurks the oriole
(
金莺；黄莺儿
).
(
意译
) Be careful
about the hidden/implicitpotential risks; hazards;
9.
比上不足，比下有余
（直译）
worse off than some,
better off than many; to fall short of the best,
but be better than the
worst; better
off than the worst and worse off than the best;
（意译）
fairly well-
off; fairly contented life;
10.
不以物喜，不以己悲
（直译）
not pleased by external
gains, not saddened by personal losses;
（意译）
take one’s
personal gains lightly; to be philosophical about;
be open
-minded;
11.
金无足赤
,
< br>人无完人
(
直译
) Gold can't
be pure and man can't be perfect;
（意译）
Human beings are human
beings
三、形象
—
具体
1.
哭得泪人似的
A.
B.
C.
D.
The child was in floods of tears.
Be drenched in tears
He became a wretch of tears
While Mother was feeling so wrought,
the slightest cross word or ill-judged
remark could reduce her to tears.
当母亲感到过分劳累紧张时，哪怕是听到一点点令人生气的话或不妥之
词，
都会使她伤心得落下泪来。
2.
唉声叹气
a. To moan
and groan
b. Heave deep sighs
c. Sigh in despair
3.
矮子里拔将军
A. Pick or
single out a general from among the dwarfs
b. Choose the best person
available
c. In the country
of the blind, the one-eyed man is king.
d. To settle for an
undesirable candidate or alternative.
4.
碍手碍脚
a. be obstructed by one's hands and
feet
b. To be or stand in the way
c. To be a hindrance
d. To
be cumbersome
5.
爱不释手
a. like [love] sth. so much that one
cannot bear to part with it
；
b. be fond of and unwilling to part
with
；
c. be so
delighted with it that one could hardly bear to
put it down
；
d.
be too fond of sth. to let go of it
e.
To fondle sth admiringly
f.
I can always lose myself in a good book.
来自《简明英汉词典》
g. The
novel is so instructive that I can hardly tear
myself away from it.
这部小说很有意义，简
< br>直使我爱不释手。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
h.
He indulges in a new hat.
他对一项新帽子爱不释手。来自辞典例句
i. The book is a page-turner.
这本书引人入胜，叫人爱不释手。
6.
爱屋及乌
a. Love for a person extends even to
the crows on his roof.
b.
Love me, love my dog.
7.
画蛇添足
a. if you are telling a lie, keep it
simple
—
never overegg the
pudding.
b. draw a snake
and add feet to it
c. ruin the effect
by adding sth superfluous
d. leave
enough alone
不要画蛇添足
7.
花前月下
a.
before the
flowers and under the moon
b.
ideal setting
for a couple in love
c.
romantic
circumstances
d.
romance
8.
花容月貌
a.
one
’
s face is
like flowers and one
’
s
features like the moon
b.
fair as a
flower and beautiful as the moon
9.
囫囵吞枣
a.
to swallow
dates whole
b.
lap up
（照单全收；欣然接受）
information without digesting it
c.
read without understanding
10.
呼风唤雨
a.
summon wind
and rain
b.
control the forces of nature
c.
stir up trouble
11.
洪水猛兽
a.
fierce floods
and savage beasts
b.
great scourges
（祸害；灾难）
c.
formidable
disasters
三、释义
1.
辞旧迎新
bid farewell to the old and usher in
the new; ring out the old year and ring in the
new; wind up the
old, unfold the new
2.
过犹不及
going too far is as bad
as not going far enough; Beyond is as wrong as
falling short;
too much is as bad as
too little
Overdoing is underdoing.
More is less; less is more
四、练习
英译汉
1.
Unless you’ve
got an ace up your sleeve, we are dished.
< br>除非你有锦囊妙计，否则，我们是
输定了。
2.
He went
through fire and flood to save his mother.
他赴汤蹈火去救他的母亲。
3.
You have a
lucky star above you.
你真是吉星高照。
4.
She is now
between the devil and the deep sea on this matter.
她在这个问题上真是进退维
谷。
5.
He is reaping
what he has sown.
他这是咎由自取。
6.
She is an
easy-going woman. She always throws her cares to
the winds.
她是个大大咧咧的女
人，总是把忧愁抛至
九霄云外。
7.
That fellow is always fair without but
foul within.
那个家伙总是口蜜腹剑。
8.
That little
girl has a ready
tongue.
那个小姑娘真是伶牙俐齿。
9.
The light-
fingered gentry frequented these shops.
梁上君子经常光顾这些商店。
汉译英：
1.
这些国家的经济形势每况愈下。
The
economic
situation
in
these
countries
is
on
the
downgrade; worsening; is
through undergoing downturn; on the decline;
2.
为了
迷人眼目，
他们把自己打扮成革命者。
In order to
throw dust into the eye of the public,
they
decked
themselves
out
as
revolutionaries;
in
order
to
confuse
the
public
…
;
puzzle;
in
order
to perplex the public; throw the public into the
dark;
3.
扪心自问，
他不得不承认自己是错了。
By
searching his heart he could not but admit that he
was in the wrong; by introspecting
himself, he
…
; his
introspection led to his
admitting…
;
4.
我们必须全力以赴，拿下这场球。
We must do
our level best to win the game.
5.
照当时情况，他除了忍气吞声又能怎么办呢？
As
things stood, what else could he do but
swallow the insult?
6.
侵略者已经走投无路。
The invaders had
come to the end of their tether.
7.
我讨厌游手好闲的人。
I dislike the
people eating the bread of idleness.
8.
你为什么要引狼入室？
Why did you set
the wolf to keep the sheep?
9.
他是信口开河，
他对经济一窍不通。
He is shooting off his
mouth. He does not know the first
thing
of economy.
10.
鸡毛蒜皮
trifling; trifles; odds
and ends
11.
开门见山
come straight to the
point; get down to business
12.
公事公办
business is business
13.
狗急跳墙
do sth desperately
14.
顺手牵羊
walk off with sth
15.
守株待兔
trust to chance and
stroke of luck
16.
唇枪舌剑
engage in a battle of
words
17.
黔驴技穷
at
one
’
s
wit
’
s end
18.
单枪匹马
all by oneself
19.
生龙活虎
bursting with energy
英译汉：
1.
I was
practically on my knees but he still refused.
苦苦哀求
2.
The two
sisters were usually in agreement on most issues,
but they were at swords
’
point on
the matter of abortion.
3.
He
is a rolling stone. I
don’t
think he can go far.
他是个见异思迁的人，我想他不会有多大
出息。
4.
Since I only got the news at second
hand, I took it with a grain of salt.
半信半疑
5.
I’
ll break my
neck to get this done by Friday, but I
can
’
t promise for sure.
竭尽全力
既往不咎
let bygones
be bygones
活到老，学到老
One is never too old
to learn.
脚踩两只船
sit on the fence
君子之交淡如水
a hedge between keeps
friendship green
礼尚往来
Courtesy calls for
reciprocity.
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