-
.
.
. .
不定式
不定式有六种形式:
主动
被动
一般式
to
do
to be done
进行式
to
be doing
完成式
to have done
to have been done
完成进行式
to
have been doing
不定式一般式的主动和被动,
在句中除了谓语动词,
能做其他一切成
分。
< br>主动表示不定式与逻辑主语间是逻辑主动关系;
被动表示不定式
< br>与逻辑主语间是逻辑被动关系。
1.
一般被动式:不定式的语态是由
逻辑主语与不定式的关系决定的,
被动关系就要用被动式。
在句
中作与主动式一样的成分。
作定语时
与所修饰的名词有
逻辑主谓和逻辑解释这两种关系,
主要是逻辑主
谓关系
He likes to be
flattered
(宾)
他喜欢被人奉承。
You are
lucky to be guided by Professor White
(
状)你们由怀特教
授教授作指导,真幸运。
She asked to be sent to work in
Tibet
(宾)
她要求去西藏工作
He
ordered the work to be started at
once
(宾补)
他下令马上开始工
作。
It might not be a bad idea for this
word to be deleted
(主)
删去这个
字,倒是一个不错的主意。
The books are not allowed to be taken
out of the room
(主补)
这些
书不许带到室外。
Please tell me the subjects to be
discussed at the next session
(定)请
告诉我下次会议要讨论的题目。
He seems
to be taken to
America
(表语)他好像要被带去美国。
w.
.
.v
.
.
. .
He had no
chance to be sent aboard
(定)
他没机会被派往海外。
2.
进行式:
表示动作正在发生,
与所在句子的谓语动词所表示的动作
同时
发生。
在句中可以做主、宾、表、
补、状(原状)
,不能作定语
It is nice to
be sitting here with you
(
做主语
)
在这里陪你坐着是
非常愉快的。
He
pretended to be sleeping
soundly
(做宾语)
他假装睡得很甜。
He seems to be
recovering
(做表语)
看来他正在复原。
I
didn
’
t expect her to be
crying bitterly
(做宾补)
我没想到她竟会
哭得如此伤心。
He
supposed she was glad to be having her holiday now
(做原因状
语)他猜想她现在很高兴在度假。
< br>
He is believed to be
coming
(做主补)据说他正要来。
She
is said to be writing a
novel
(做主补)据说她正在写一部小说。
注:
1.
不定式的进行式做补语时,必须是该动词后面只跟不定式
做补语
,不能跟分词做补语,这时如果表示与谓语动词同时发生就
用不定式的进行式。
I saw him sleeping
不能说
I saw him be
sleeping
因为
see
后面可
以跟分词作补语。
2.
不定式的进行式作状语时,只能做原因状语,此时,可以
和现
在分词互换。
3.
完成式
(主动与被动)
:
表示动作发生在所在句子的谓语动词之前。
在句中可以做主、表、宾、状(原
状)
、补,不能做定语
It is nice to
have sat here with you
(主语)跟你坐在一起是非常愉
快的。
He intended to have told
you earlier
(宾语)
他曾试图早一些告诉
你。
w.
.
.v
.
.
. .
He pretended to have
finished his homework
(宾语)他假装已经完
< br>成了作业。
They reported a star to
have appeared in the east
(宾补)
他们报告一
颗星已在东方出现
He
appears to have made a small
mistake(
表语
)
他看起来象是犯了
一个小错误。
He is said to have broken the window ye
sterday
(主补)据说昨天他
把窗子打破了。
I am so happy to have received
your letter
(状语)
已收到你的信,
我很高兴。
He was reported to have been awarded
the Noble Prize
(主补)据报
道他已获得诺贝
尔奖。
We believed the task to
have been finished
(宾补)
我们相信任务已
经完成了。
He hoped to have been invited to the
party
(宾语)
他希望自己已经
被邀请参加晚会了。
We know him to have once been arrested
by the enemy
(宾补)我们
知道他被敌人逮捕过。
It is a great honor for him
to have been elected as a model worker for
three
years
(主语)他连续三年被评为劳模,非常光荣。
The manuscript seems to have been
written by Shakespeare
(表语)
这<
/p>
份手稿好像是莎士比亚写的。
注:
p>
1
、
在
seem
appear
后面所跟的不定式可看
做表语
2
、在
be said
be
reported
等后面可看作主补
3
、
intended to
have done
本打算
was/were to
have done
原计划
The plane was to have taken
off at six
,
but owing to the
fog
w.
.
.v
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