情态动词(讲义及答案)

’

t

，注意不用< /p>

could

来回答。

—

May I speak to you for a moment in private

，

please?

May

表示请求许可时，

常常与第一人称

I

连用，

构成

“

May I

…

?

”

< /p>

句

式，表示“我可以?

?

吗？”

肯定回答用

Yes

，

you may. / Yes

，

please. / Yes

，

of course.

否定回答用

N

o

，

you can

’

t. / No

，

you mustn

’

t. ( )

—

May I smoke here?

—

，

you

. It can be dangerous.

A.

Yes

；

can

B. No

；

can’t C.

Yes

；

may D. No

；

needn’t Might I come

in?

Might I borrow some money?

might

用于礼貌的询问是否能 做某事，常出现在口语中，用法稍

显过时。

肯定回答通常用

may

，否定回答可以用

can

’

t

或者

mustn

’

< br>t

。

练习：

(

)

—

Can I get you a drink?

—

A.

That’s

very nice of you

C. Yes

，

please

(

—

No

，

you

. I am not thirsty.

B. No

，

you don’t have

to

D. With pleasure

1

)

—

May I leave the classroom now?

. You

shouldn’t leave until the bell

rings.

第

1

页

/

共

13

页

A. may not

B.

can’t

C.

needn’t

D.

couldn’t

第

页

/

共

13

页

(

)

—

A. Need

you pass me a pen? I’d like to write

down

the

B. Could

.

C. can

D. should

C. Must

D. Should

telephone number.

(

)

—

Could I use your eraser for a while?

—

Yes

，

of course you

A. could

B. will

二、情态动词和短语情态动词

1.

情态动词

need

The little girl needs to get some sleep.

I needed two more days to finish the work.

Do you need to have some coffee?

need

作实义动词，有人称，时态的变化。接动词时，用动词不定

式。

—

Need I come here before eight tomorrow morning?

—

No

，

you needn

’

t.

need

作情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句中。判

断下列句子中的< /p>

need

属于实义动词还是情态动词

Tom needs to have a rest after a

day’s

working.

Need I pay the dishes now?

He didn’t need to

go the hospital.

He needn’t have gone to hospital—

he only had a cold.

dare

v.

敢

于

I would never dare to steal things from stores.

Do you dare to tell her what I said?

I didn’t dare to look at him.

I daren’t tell my mother the truth.

dare

后面接动词不定式

（口语中

to

可以省略）

也

可做情态动词，常用于否定句和疑问句。

shall

We shall be away next week.

I shall be in Henan next Friday.

I/we shall

，用于表示未来要做的事。

Shall I open the window?

Shall we meet at six

，

OK?

What shall I make for dinner?

第

3

页

/

共

13

页

shall I/we

< br>，?

?

好吗？要不要?

?

？用于提建议或要求他

人做

请补充完整下面的 对话

A: How can we go there?

B: We can go there by bus.

A: How long will it take us to get there?

B: About half an hour.

A:

?

B: Let’s meet at the bus stop at 7 o’clock.

2.

短语情态动词

have to

“不得不”，使用时有人称和时态的变化。

My

brother has to eat an egg every day.

Y

ou don’t have to be here tomorrow.

had better

“最好”

You had better stay at home tomorrow

，

for it will rain heavily.

Tina had better not put off the plan because it is very important.

否

定形式为

had better not

would rather

“宁愿”

I would rather go there with you.

我宁愿不去电影院。

I would rather not go to the cinema.

否

定

形

式

为

would rather not

ought to

1

）表义务，意为

应该

（因责任 、义务等该做）

，口气比

should

稍重。

You are his father. You ought to take care of him.

You ought not to smoke so much.

2

）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱，可翻译为“应该?

< br>?

吧”。

Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.

There’s a fine sunset

；

it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.

三、情态动词加完成时

1.

情态动词表示对现在情况的推测

It’s just five o’clock. Mary must be staying on bed now.

肯定推测

3

That can’t be Tom. He went to Beijing yesterday.

否定推测

第< /p>

4

页

/

共

13

页

He may/might be in China now.

可能性推测

2.

情态动词表示对过去情况的推测

must have done

He must have arrived in Henan at that time.

Lucy must have finished the book before she returned it.

昨晚一定有人进来这个房间了。

Somebody

in the room last night.

must have done

对过去的肯 定推测，翻译为“一定?

?

了”。

can’t have done

Miss Li can’t have gone to Shanghai. I met her yesterday.

He can’t have done that because he stayed with me at that time.

can

’

t have done

，对过去的否定推测，翻译为

“不可能做了?

?

”

。

Jimmy

不可能打扫了房子，因为他昨天就不在家。

Jimmy can’t have cleaned up the house because he was not at hom

e

yesterday.

3.

情态动词表示对过去情况的虚拟

should have done

Tom

，

you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterda.

You should have told me about it earlier.

My father should have got home at seven but his car broke off on the

way.

should have done