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英语三级语法词汇

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-07 12:53
tags:

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2021年2月7日发(作者:zipcode)


v1.0


可编辑可修改






Grammar and Vocabulary for PRETCO



目的要求


1. Master grammar points



2. Possess a vocabulary of about 3,000 words



教学重点


Master grammar points



教学难点


Application of language points



教学课时


6 period



教学方法


Multil-media teaching; practice method



教学内容:



一、虚拟语气考点



(一)

< p>


if


”引导从句



假设类型



if


从句谓语


v.



主句谓语


v.



与现在事实


v.


过去式


< p>
would/should


(第一人称)


相反




be



were


不用


/could/might + do



was




与过去事实


had + done


< /p>


would/should


(第一人称)


相反



/could/might


+


have


done



与将来事实


were to/should +


would/should


(第一人称)


相反



do



/could/might + do



1


、省略


if


倒装,变化

< p>
if


从句




1



had +


主语


+ done


与过去事实相反



< br>2



should +


主语


+ do


与将来事实相反



< br>3



were +


主语


+ to do


与将来事实相反



以上均省略


if


,将


had



should



were

< br>提前,句子倒装。



2


、含蓄虚 拟,用介词短语代替


if


从句引导的虚拟




1



w ithout = but for


若不是,要不是,如果没有



3


、错综(混合)虚拟,主从句事态不在一个时间段(只考过


1


次)



技巧:对号入座,主套主,从套从



如 :如果我是你(现在)


,我早把这书买了(过去)


< p>



我要赶上那趟车(过去)


,现在就坐这上课了(现在)





﹡(二)其他形式虚拟(单选、挑错常考到,非常重要)



从句后是现在时即与现在相反,


是过去时即与过去相反,

< p>
是将来时即与


将来相反。



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wish




过去式








< /p>


wishes



实相反

< br>



wished


would/could + do







as


if/as


实相反





though




1



had


done



2






事< /p>


if only



would/could + have done



实相反



would rather




would rather +


句子用虚拟,不加句子用


v.


原形



had better


not



do + V.


最好做…




4



if only

< p>
一般省略主句,用法与


wish


相同



5


、用表示建议、命令、要求等词引导的虚拟从句 中,


am



is



are



形即

be



解题方法:找出标志词;找出动词原形:

< p>
do


(主动)



be done


(被动)




1


)用表示建议、命令、要求等


V.

< br>引导的宾从中



公式:主语


+


谓语


v.


(必认词)

< br>+


主语


+



should



+ do/be done





v.



suggest



propose



order



ask



require



request


desire demand insist command recommend move urge advise




2

< br>)用于与建议、命令、要求等


V.


意义类似的形容词所引 导的从句



公式:


It


is


+


adj.


(必认词)


+


that


+


主语


+



should



+


do/be


done





adj.



suggested



proposed



ordered



asked



required


requested



desired


< br>desirable





demanded



commanded


recommended urgent advisable important vital essential


necessary




3



与表示建议、


命令、< /p>


要求等


v.


相类似的

n.


引导的表语从句和同位


语从句



表从公式:主语


+


系词


+ that +


主语(


should



+ do/be done



同位从公式:


n. + that +


主语(


should



+ do/be done





n.



suggestion



proposal



order



requirement



request


desire




demand


insistence


requirement



request



desire


demand insistence command motion recommendation advice



6



It's/was/ + time + that +


主语


+ did


(过去


式)



早该到…的时间了



/high time/



2


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about time



7


、跳层虚拟



公式:



真实,


otherwise / or +


虚拟




虚拟,


but +


真实(一般考过去时)



特点:真实——过去时或


must have done


,对过去肯定猜测




虚拟——


would / could + have done



(三)情态


v. + have done


,表示对过去事情的推测



must + have done


肯定,没有


mustn't


(表禁


止…)



could + have done


本能够,



可能做(但未做)



couldn't + have done


一定未发生,一定没能



may + have done


本可能,或许



might+ have done


本可能



should = ought to + have done


本应做,而未做(含责备)



shouldn't = oughtn't to + have done


本不应做而做了(含责备)



未考过的



needn't


+


have


done


没有必要做而做了(无责备)



need


情态


v.


“必要”


+ v.




实义


v.


“需要”


+ need doing


(形式主动,实际被动)


=


need to be done




“需要”


need + to do





二、非谓语动词



(一)不定式:


to do / not to do



1


、形式(时态


/


语态)



vt.



vi.


只有主


动)基 本形式:





主动



被动





to do



to


be




done







to


have


to


have




done



been




done



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to


be


×





doing





to


have


×





been




doing



注意:

< br>不定式的一般式表示动作与主句的


动作将要发生或同时发生,

而不定式的完


成式表示动作要先于主句的动作前发生,


不定 式的完成式不能作定语。



2


、考固定搭配



ask/expect/get/ sb. to do



warn sb. not to do


警告


sb.


别做某




warn sb. of/against sth.



expect of sb./sth.



only to do


发现一个不好的结果,


意想不到的结果



seem to do


似乎



做题时多注意哪些


v.



+to do



3


、接省略


to


的 不定式(裸不定式)



※(


1


)使役


v.


常考主动



make/have/let sb. do



变形:


have/get sth. done



make oneself done


让某人被理




keep sb. doing



inform sb. of sth.


通知某



注意:一旦变成被动语态,原 省略的


to


要加上,如


be


made


(被动)



b e


made


to


do


(主动)




2


)感官动词,常考被动。



see



hear



watch



notice



feel



+


sb.


do


(将要,同时发生)


/doing


(正进行)



一旦变被动,原省略


to


加上。



4


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< p>


3


)特殊搭配



can't help doing



can't help but do



can't but do



had better



not



do


宁愿做



would rather do



have no choice but to do


除了…别


无选择



4


)不定式的成份,做主宾表,定状补

< br>


1


)作定语



to do/to be






n.



+



done





doing/being



done






done








2


)作状语,表目的(放哪都成)和结< /p>


果(一般放后面)



为了:


in order to do


句首



so as to do


句中,不能放


句首




to do



3


)作主语



It is + adj. for sb. to do sth.



形式主语



真正主语



that +


句子


/doing


发现做某事某样



4


)作宾语



Find / make / think /consider it +


adj. + to do sth.






宾语



真正宾语



如:


Find it useful to study English.



5


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< p>
词:


make



thin k



consider



find


(在


挑错中常考)




(二)动名词


doing / not doing



1


、时态语态




Vt.


(及物)


vi.




及物)



主动



被动



主动




doing



being


going




done






having


having


having



done



been


gone





done



doing


完成式不能做定语。



2



doing


完 成式强调表示动作要先


于主句的谓语动作发生。



例:


Having


had


supper



I


went


out


for


a walk.




形式



动名词:主语、宾语、表语、定语



现在分词:状语、补语、表语、定语



(不是重点)作表语时的区别,看是否可


变成主语,可变主语是动名词。




3


、动名词




1


)常考:固定搭配(动宾关系或介宾


关系)


;固定句型



固定搭配,动词后面是


doing


< /p>


总结词:


admit


< br>mind



enjoy



risk



appreciate

< p>


suggest



co nsider



escape



vi.


逃跑,


vt.


逃避)



endure



consider


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doing


(考虑)


/to do


(认为)



avoid


deny



delay



involve



p ostpone



favor



in


favor


of


< br>支撑)



miss


< p>
resist



understand

< p>


object



动词









doing + one



s


doing

< p>
(例如:


my



























或宾代



allow/advise/ forbid/encourage/permi


t + doing / sb. to do



suggest + doing/



或(


that


)主


+



should



+ do




suggest


=


show


=


indicate


当“表明”


讲时该什么时态就用什么时态。



keep sb. doing


让某人做某事




be/get/become + used to doing



渐习惯



be used to do


用途(几乎不考)



used to do


过去常常



固定句型



1



There


is


no


point



in



doing



某事无意义



2



It


is


no


use

< br>(


good



doing



某事无用(无好处)



3



sb.


+


spend


(花费)


+


时间


+


in


doing



+ on sth.



·


It take sb. +


时间


+ to do sth.



·




cost sb.




·


pay sb./for sth.




4



be busy doing


忙于做某事



have


difficulty



in



doing


sth.


做某事有困难



7


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trouble



in



doing


sth.


做某事有麻烦



5



have a time doing


做某事渡过的


时期



6



feel like doing


愿意做某事



7



take


one



s


time


doing


sth.



慢地做某事



8



need doing = need to be done



式主动



be worth doing


意思被动





2



V. + doing/to do


的区别



1



remember/forget + to do


记住


做某事(未做)



2



remember/forget + doing sth.



得做过某事



3



regret


(遗憾、后悔)< /p>


+ to do sth.


遗憾未做某事



+ doing sth.


后悔做某事



4



mean + to do


打算



+ doing


意味着



5



go on + to do


接着做另一件事



+ doing


接着做未做完事



6



stop + to do


停下来做另一件事



+ doing


禁止做此事(正在


做的)



7



try + to do


试做某事



+ doing = do


试一试,尝一尝




(三)分词:现在分词与过去分词



现在分词:作补语、补语、定语、表语、



5


种形式:


n.


+


to


do


(主动)


/to


be


done



+


doing


(主动)


/being


done


(正在被动)



+ done


(被动完了)



8


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作状语:



1


、连词


+


分词,主谓宾(连词时,主句


主语和分词主语一致)



2


、主谓宾,分词


+


doing


(主动)


/being


done.


(被动)



+


having


done


/having


been done./done



分词放前面,一般作状语,表示时间、 条


件、原因。



分词放后面,一般作状 语,表示伴随、方


式、结果。




回想:


To do


,主谓宾



不定式放


句首表“目的”



主谓宾


+ to do


表“目的”




主谓宾,


to do


表“结果”



解题方法:提到分词,就要想到



2< /p>


主:


doing



having


done



3


被:


being


done



having been done



done





1


)先判断主被动关系, 即主句的主语


与分词的逻辑关系,


若是逻辑上的主谓关


系,


分词用主动式:


doing



having


done



若是逻辑上的动宾关系,分词用被动式:


being done



having been done



done




2


)再判断动作先后,即非谓语的动作


若发生在主句的谓语动作之前,


非谓语要


用完成式:


having done



having been


done



﹡﹡(

3


)逗号原则,在英语句子中,逗


号是不能连接两个独立完 整的句子。



如:主句是树干(主干)


,从句是树枝,


连接主从句之间的词是连词,


如果没有就


找非谓语。




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3


、独立主格结构



(with) + n. +


分词,主谓宾



总结:连词

< p>
+


分词,主谓宾




主谓宾,分词



with



+ n. +


分词,主谓宾



﹡连词后只跟分词或句子



1If you want ----you have to get the


fund



A


that


the


job


is


done




bthe


job


done


c


to


have


done


the


job d


the


job


that is done



2.


Peter


regretted


-----to


the


meeting


yesterday



going having been going to go


to be going



is no use------me not to worry



tell b.


your


telling c.


for


you


to


have told d. having told



will


be


50


proposals


----


at


the


meeting



c. to be discussed d. having to


be discussed



students were made ----in the dorms


after



a. staying b. stay c. to stay d. be


staying



is


nothing


that


we


can


do now


but


---to God for help



be praying b .pray d. prayed



you


remember


----to


the


professor


during your last visit



be


introduced




introduced


introduced to have introduced



a good chance, he planned to learn


more



10


10




v1.0


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give




given




been


given



d.


giving



had to postpone -----to his plan to


a late date



to listen am listening listening


d. mine listening



a


great


pleasure to


his


parents



to


come home come home `s


coming home d.


coming home


< /p>


名从、定从、状从,名从和定从常放在一


起考


(一)名从:主从、宾从、表从、同位从




1


、名从句中的连接词




连接词



词义



在从句中




是否起从


省略

< br>


句作用



That





不充当











If



只引




不充当





导宾从)



是否





whether





不充当





是否





whether

< br>与


if


的区别,


whether


后可


+


or not



or






词义


< /p>








代词







省略



句作用



what



什么




当< /p>





宾表



who










11


11



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-


-


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