-
Being done
与
done
做状语的区别
现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语时，
分词的逻辑主语必须是
句子的主语，
分
词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上
<
/p>
的主谓关系，
否则不能用现
在分词作状语
。
在使
用现在分词时，
要注意它的各种形式变
化：
Hearing the bell, the students began to
enter the classroom.
听
见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。
（听见和进入两个动作同时
发生）
Being struck by the heavy storm, they
felt helpless.
正
受
到
强
暴雨的袭击，
他们感到很无助。<
/p>
(strike
与
feel
两个动作同时
发生，但
strike
与
they
之间逻辑关系是被动的
)
Having done the work, he went home.
完成了工作，他就回家
了。
Having been told many times, he still
repeated the same mistake
.
给他讲过好几回
,
他还是犯同样的错。
分词在句中作状语，
修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的
原因、时间、方
式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。与其它非谓语动词作状语用
法区别简析：
1.
分词在句中不作目的状语
(
表目的状语用不定式
)
。不定式
作状语只在句中表目的、结果、原因、程度
。
2.
现在分词的一般式，表示
该动作与主句谓语动词同时或基
本同时发生；现在分词的完成式，表示该动作先于主句谓
语
动作发生。过去分词表被动完成
3.
现在分词的一般式的被动式
(<
/p>
即
being done)
一般只作
原因
状
语
置
句
首
；
现
在
分
词
的
完
成
式
(
即
having done; having been done)
在<
/p>
句
中
作
时
间
原
因
状
语。
Walking in the street, I
came across an old friend of mine.
表示时间关系的分词短语，可用
when
或
while
引出。
即：
when/while
walking
…
Once published,
this novel will be
very popular. Having
worked for four hours, she stopped to
have
her meal. Lost in the forest, you
should first of all remain where
you
are, waiting for help to come. Having been allowed
to take
a day off, he was happy to
return.
1
）现在分词作时间状语与其它非谓语动词比较
2)
现
在
分
词
作
原
因<
/p>
状
语
与
其
它
非
谓
语
比
较
：
Being
ill, he didn
’
t go to school.
Having smoked too much, he has suffered from
l
ung cancer.
分
词
作
原
因
状
语
:
可
置
前
或
后
,
< br>逗
号
隔
开
Having been separated from other continents for
millions of
years, Australia has many
plants and animals not found in any
ot
her country in the world. The child
learns fast, well brought up b
y his
parents.
由于受到父母良好的教育，这个孩子学得很
快。
Seriously injured, he had to be
taken to hospital.
不定式短
语表原因
，多用于表情绪或情感反应的动词
/
形
容
词
后
面
:
happy/glad/sad/pleased/excited to do 3)
表方式、
伴随情况
的状语
：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是主语的另
一
< br>
动作，或与谓语所表示的动作
(
或状态
)
同时发生，或对谓
语
表
示
的
动
作
(
或
状
态
)
作
进
一
步
地
补
充
说
明
。
He sat on the sofa, watching TV
. =He
sat on the sofa, and
watched
TV
. Four people entered the room
looking around in a c
urious way. = Four
people enter the room and looked around in
a curious way. (
伴
随
动
作
) The
teacher stood there, surrounded by students. She
sat by
the window, not daring to say a
word. He stood there, excited to
cheer
the athlete on.
他
们
笑
着
谈
着
走
进
了
教
室。
__________________ , they went into
the classroom.
他
斜
靠
(lean)
着
墙
站
着
。
(
方
式
状
语
) He
stood leaning against the wall.(
＝
He stood and
lean
ed against the wall.) He came
running back to tell me the news.
Laughing and talking 4)
非谓语动词表结果：分词表结
果，
是伴随谓语动词的发生而同时产生的自然而然的结果，通常
放在句末，置句中前后用标点隔开；有时为突出结果，在其
前面加
thus
。谓语动词与分词的动作是一种必然的因果关
系
，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。
不定式表结果，其
动作发生在谓语动词之后：
1.
表示
未曾预料到的或令人不
快的结果，不定式前常加
only/never,
用以强调惊讶和失
望
。
2.
用
于
too +
adj./adv. + to do
…
adj./adv enough + to do
…
; n.
+ en
ough / enough + n. +to
do
…
; so +adj./adv. + as +
to do
…
; such
+ n.
as + to do
…
; Her only child
was ill at home, causing her a l
ot of
trouble. They went out in such bad weather, caught
in a hea
vy rain half way. He woke up in
the morning, to find the outside
world
greatly changed. When we hurried to the station,
only to b
e told that the train had
left. He jumped off the cliff, killed at
on
ce. She got to the company in a
hurry, dismissed by the manager.
She
went abroad never to return. He was too excited
not to say a
few words.(
程
度
) She is not
experienced enough to take up the job. She is so
l
ovely/such a lovely girl as to be
loved by us. 5)
非
谓
语
动
词
表
条
件
比
较：
Using your head, you will find a way. Not asked
to speak,
you had better keep silent.
Given more time, we would do it mu
ch
better. Seeing from the hill, I find the city more
beautiful. See
n from the hill, the city
looks more beautiful. The child slipped
a
nd fell, hitting his head against the
door. 7)
当非谓语动词逻辑
主语与句子主语不一致时
,
就须在非谓语前面加逻辑主语，
构<
/p>
成
独
立
主
格
结
构：
I
waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard
．
He rushe
d into
the room, his face covered with sweat. All the
tickets havi
ng been sold out, they went
away disappointedly.
所有票卖光了
,
他
们
失
望
离
开
Time
permitting, we'll do another two exercises. It
being Sun
day, we stayed at home and
relaxed. 6)
分
词
作
让
步
状
语
或
词
although, even
if/though +
Working hard as she did,
she still
couldn
分
’
t
succeed. Beaten by the opposite team, the players
were not dis
couraged and practiced even
harder. The key lost, she
couldn
’
t enter the room. So
much work to do, I can
’
t go
camping with you.
有时也用
with
(without)+
名词
/
代词宾
格
+
分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep.
点着灯睡
了
With the
task finished, they went out to play. With this
book
to help you , you can finish your
work as soon as
possible.?????
?????????? 8)
常
见
的
独
立
成
分：
Judging
from/by his appearance, he must be an actor.
从
外
表
看
，
他
一
定
是
个
演
员。
generally/frankly/strictly/roughly/broadly
speaking,
一般
/
坦<
/p>
率
/
严
格
/
大
致
/
广
义
/
说
来
考
虑
到
…
:
considering
…
,
seeing
…
, taking
…
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