小学语法知识

语法知识

3A - 6B Grammar

1.

人称代词

主格：

I we you she he it they

宾格：

me us you her him it them

形容词性物主代词：

my our your her his its their

名词性物主代词：

mine ours yours hers his its theirs

2.

形容词和副词的比较级

(1)

一般在形容词或副词后

+er

older taller longer stronger, etc

(2)

多音节词前

+more

more interesting, etc.

(3)

双写最后一个字母，再

+er

bigger fatter, etc.

(4)

把

y

变

i

，再

+er

heavier, earlier

(5)

不规则变化：

well-better, much/many-more, etc.

3.

可数词的复数形式

Most nouns + s a book

–

books

Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story

—

stories

Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass

—

glasses a watch- watches

Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano

—

pianos a mango

—

mangoes

Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife

–

knives a shelf- shelves

4.

不可数名词< /p>

(

单复数形式不变

)

bread, rice, water ,juice etc.

5.

缩略形式

I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is

it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc

6. a/an

a book, a peach

an egg an hour

7. Preposition:

on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.

表示时间：

at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakf

ast

on Monday on 15th July On National Day

in the evening in December in winter

8.

基数词和序数词

one

–

first two-second twenty- twentieth

9. Some /any

I have some toys in my bedroom.

Do you have any brothers or sisters?

10. be

动词

(1) Basic form: am/are/is

(2)

肯定和否定句

I am(not) from London.

My eyes are(not) small.

My hair is(not) long.

（

）一般疑问句：

Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

11. there be

结构

肯定句：

There is

a ?

There are ?

一般疑问句:Is there ?? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.

Are there?? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

否定句：

There isn’t ?. There aren’t?.

12.

祈使句

Sit down please.

Don’t sit down, please.

13.

现在进行时

.

通常用“now”.

形式：

be + verb +ing

eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

You/We/They are(not) reading.

He/She/It is(not) eating.

动词

—

ing

的形式

Most verbs +ing walk

—

walking

Verbs ending in e -e + ing come

—

coming

Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run

–

running swim

—

swimming

14

一般现在时。通常用

“usually, often, every day, sometimes”。

形式：

肯定句：

I go to school on foot every day.

She goes to school on foot every day.

一般疑问句

:

Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

否定句：

We don’t go to school on Sundays.

My m

other doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

15. (

情态

)

动词

can ,must, should

后面直接用动词原形。

eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.

2

．

You should keep quiet in the library.

16.

一般过去时态

（

a

）

be

动词的过去式

:

I/He/she/it was(not)?. You/we/they were?.

一般疑问句

was, were

放在句首。

（

b

）

动词过去式：

肯定句：

I watched cartoons.

She visited the zoo.

一般疑问句：

Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.

否定句：

They didn’t go the the part yesterday

.

He didn’t make model ships last week.

(3)

动词过去式的变化：

规则动词的变化：

Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed

。

Verbs ending in e +d eg liked

。

Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied eg : study

—

studied

Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop --stopped

不规则动词的变化：

is/am

—

was,are

—

were,do

—

did,have/has

—

had,make

—

mad e,fly-flew/u:

eat

—

ate,take

—

took,run

—

ran,sing

—

sang,d rink

—

drank

等等

17. “Wh

-

” questions.

What are you doing?

What colour is it?

What time is it? What’s the time?

Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?

Who’s the man with a big nose?

Whose bag is it?

When is your birthday?

Where is my ball pen?

Why do you like summer?

How many books are there in the school bag?

How old is the young man?

How much is the toy bear?

How do you go to school everyday?

一般现在时用法专练

一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often (have) dinner at home.

2. Daniel and Tommy (be) in Class One.

3. We (not watch) TV on Monday.

4. Nick (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

5. they (like) the World Cup?

6. What they often (do) on Saturdays?

7. your parents (read) newspapers every day?

8. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I (take) a walk together every evening.

10. There (be) some water in the bottle.

11. Mike (like) cooking.

12. They (have) the same hobby.

13. My aunt (look) after her baby carefully.

14. You always (do) your homework well.

15. I

(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.

16. She (go) to school from Monday to Friday.

17. Liu Tao (do) not like PE.

18. The child often (watch) TV in the evening.

19. Su Hai and Su Yang (have) eight lessons this term.

20.

－

What day (be) it today?

－

It’s Saturday.

二、按照要求改写句子

1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(

改为否定句

)

2. I do my homework every day.(

改为一般疑问句，作否定回答

)

3. She likes milk.(

改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答

)

4. Amy likes playing computer games.(

改为一般疑问句，作否定回答

)

5. We go to school every morning.(

改为否定句

)

6. He speaks English very well.(

改为否定句

)

7. I like taking photos in the park.(

对划线部分提问

)

8. John comes from Canada.(

对划线部分提问

)

9. She is always a good student.(

改为一般疑问句，作否定回答

)

10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(

改为否定句

)

三、翻译

1.

他在第三小学上学。他每天早上七点上学。

(No. 3 Primary School)

2.

父亲每天早晨都浇花。

3.

我女儿喜欢看电视和听音乐。

4.

桑迪放学后打羽毛球吗？

不。她学习很用功。放学后她总是看书。

四、改错

( )1. Is your brother speak English?

A B C

( )2. Does he likes going fishing?

A B C

( )3. He likes play games after class.

A B C

( )4. Mr. Wu teachs us English.

A B C

(

)5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays.

A B C

语法知识

3A - 6B Grammar

1.

人称代词

主格：

I we you she he it they

宾格：

me us you her him it them

形容词性物主代词：

my our your her his its their

名词性物主代词：

mine ours yours hers his its theirs

2.

形容词和副词的比较级

(1)

一般在形容词或副词后

+er

older taller longer stronger, etc

(2)

多音节词前

+more

more interesting, etc.

(3)

双写最后一个字母，再

+er

bigger fatter, etc.

(4)

把

y

变

i

，再

+er

heavier, earlier

(5)

不规则变化：

well-better, much/many-more, etc.

3.

可数词的复数形式

Most nouns + s a book

–

books

Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story

—

stories

Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass

—

glasses a watch- watches

Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano

—

pianos a mango

—

mangoes

Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife

–

knives a shelf- shelves

4.

不可数名词< /p>

(

单复数形式不变

)

bread, rice, water ,juice etc.

5.

缩略形式

I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is

it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc

6. a/an

a book, a peach

an egg an hour

7. Preposition:

on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.

表示时间：

at six o’clock, at Christmas, at break

fast

on Monday on 15th July On National Day

in the evening in December in winter

8.

基数词和序数词

one

–

first two-second twenty- twentieth

9. Some /any

I have some toys in my bedroom.

Do you have any brothers or sisters?

10. be

动词

(1) Basic form: am/are/is

(2)

肯定和否定句

I am(not) from London.

My eyes are(not) small.

My hair is(not) long.

（

）一般疑问句：

Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

11. there be

结构

肯定句：

There is

a ?

There are ?

一般疑问句:Is there ?? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.

Are there?? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

否定句：

There isn’t ?. There aren’t?.

12.

祈使句

Sit down please.

Don’t sit down, please.

13.

现在进行时

.

通常用“now”.

形式：

be + verb +ing

eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

You/We/They are(not) reading.

He/She/It is(not) eating.

动词

—

ing

的形式

Most verbs +ing walk

—

walking

Verbs ending in e -e + ing come

—

coming

Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run

–

running swim

—

swimming

14

一般现在时。通常用

“usually, often, every day, sometimes”。

形式：

肯定句：

I go to school on foot every day.

She goes to school on foot every day.

一般疑问句

:

Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

否定句：

We don’t go to school on Sundays.

My

mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

15. (

情态

)

动词

can ,must, should

后面直接用动词原形。

eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.

2

．

You should keep quiet in the library.

16.

一般过去时态

（

a

）

be

动词的过去式

:

I/He/she/it was(not)?. You/we/they were?.

一般疑问句

was, were

放在句首。

（

b

）

动词过去式：

肯定句：

I watched cartoons.

She visited the zoo.

一般疑问句：

Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.

否定句：

They didn’t go the the part yesterda

y.

He didn’t make model ships last week.

(3)

动词过去式的变化：

规则动词的变化：

Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed

。

Verbs ending in e +d eg liked

。

Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied eg : study

—

studied

Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop --stopped

不规则动词的变化：

is/am

—

was,are

—

were,do

—

did,have/has

—

had,make

—

mad e,fly-flew/u:

eat

—

ate,take

—

took,run

—

ran,sing

—

sang,d rink

—

drank

等等

17. “Wh

-

” questions.

What are you doing?

What colour is it?

What time is it? What’s the time?

Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?

Who’s the man with a big nose?

Whose bag is it?

When is your birthday?

Where is my ball pen?

Why do you like summer?

How many books are there in the school bag?

How old is the young man?

How much is the toy bear?

How do you go to school everyday?

一般现在时用法专练

一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often (have) dinner at home.

2. Daniel and Tommy (be) in Class One.

3. We (not watch) TV on Monday.

4. Nick (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

5. they (like) the World Cup?

6. What they often (do) on Saturdays?

7. your parents (read) newspapers every day?

8. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I (take) a walk together every evening.

10. There (be) some water in the bottle.

11. Mike (like) cooking.

12. They (have) the same hobby.

13. My aunt (look) after her baby carefully.

14. You always (do) your homework well.

15. I

(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.