生物工程专业英语翻译

Beijing University of Chemical Technology

化学工业出版社

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Exercise for Chapter 1

Line 1-10, P. 1

生物工程是属于应用生物科学和技 术的一个领域，

它包含生物或其亚细胞组分在制造

业、服务业和 环境管理等方面的应用。生物工程利用细菌，酵母，真菌，植物细胞或培养的

哺乳动物细 胞作为工业加工的组分。只有将微生物学、生物化学、遗传学、分子生物学、化

学和化学 工程等多种学科和技术结合起来，生物工程的应用才能获得成功。

Biotechnology is an area of applied bioscience and technology which involves

the

practical application of biological

organisms,or their subcellular

components

to

manufacturing

and

service

industries

and

to

environmental

utilizes

bacteria,yeasts

，

fungi

，

alg ae

，

plant

cells

or

cultured

mammalian

cells

as

constituents

of

industrial application

of

biotechnology

will

result

only

from

the

integration

of

a

multiplicity

of

scientific

disciplines

and

technologies,including < /p>

microbiology,biochemistry,genetics,molec ular biology,chemistry and chemical and

process engineering.

line3 ---line7,

生物 科学和生物工程之间有一个很明显的区别。

生物科学对应于

（是 指）

生物知识的

获得，而生物工程强调的是生物知识的应用。在 大部分情况下，生物工程的（加工）过程在

低温下进行，消耗极少的能量，在通常情况下 利用廉价的原料作为底物。

A

clear

distinction

must

be

drawn

between

bioscience

and refers

to

acquisition

of biological knowledge whereas biotechnology refers to application of biological

processes

will,in

most

cases,function

at

low

temperatures,will

consume

little

energy and rely in general on inexpensive raw materials as substrates.

line22---line25,

每个 生物工程的方案都需要持续地评价资源的可获得性，经济效益和对环境的影响，

以及对操 作者和使用者的健康和安全。如果计划得当，生物工程将有助于取得在自然资源，

人类的 需求以及环境之间的平衡。

Each

biotechnological

scenario

will

require

continuous

assessment

of

the

resources available,the economics and the impact on the environment,together with

the

health

and

safety

of

operators

and if

correctly

planned

should

help

to

achieve

a proper balance between natural resources,human needs and the environment.

Exercise for Chapter 2

Line 11-17,

新陈代谢是两个紧密联系但又不同 的行为的发源地。

合成代谢过程与形成细胞的材料

有关，这些细 胞材料不仅包括细胞的主要组分（蛋白质，核酸，脂，糖类等）

，还包括它们

---

氨基酸，嘌呤和嘧啶，脂肪酸 ，各种糖和磷酸糖。合成代谢过程不是自发

进行的，

对于大多数 微生物来说，

它们必须由一种能量流来推动，

这种能量流是由“ 产生能

量”的分解代谢过程所提供的。

Metabolism

is

a

matrix

of

two

closely

interlinked

but

divergent processes

are

concerned

with

the

building

up

of

cell

materials,not

only

the

major

cell

constituents(proteins,nucleic

acids,lipids,.)but

also

their

intermediate

precursors-amino

acids,purine

and

pyrimidines,fatty

acids,various

sugars

driven

by

an

energy

flow

that

for

most

microorganisms

is

provided

by

a

series

of

“energy

-

yielding”

-catabo lic processes.

Line 33---line35,

复杂句拆分

Transforming sugar at the same rate, aerobic yeast gives CO2, water, and a

relatively

high

yield

of

new

yeast,

whereas

yeast

grown

anaerobically

has

a

relatively

slow

growth

which

is

now

coupled

to

a

high

conversion

of

sugar

into

ethanol

and CO2.

① Transforming sugar at the same rate, aerobic yeast gives CO2, water, and a

relatively high yield of new yeast.

② Yeast grown anaerobically has a relatively slow growth.

③ It is now coupled to a high conversion of sugar into ethanol and CO2.

Line7---11,

复杂句拆分

The

molecular

constitution

of

this

enzyme

is

such

that

its

catalytic

activity

can be modulated

according to the prevailing metabolic

status of

the cell: if more

energy

is

required,

activity

of

PFK

is

increased;

if

the

cell

has

sufficient

energy

or sufficient amounts of C3 metabolites then the activity of PFK is decreased.

① The molecular constitution of this enzyme is such.

②

Its

catalytic

activity

can

be

modulated

according

to

the

prevailing

metabolic

status of the cell.

③ More energy is required.

④ Activity of PFK is increased.

⑤ The cell has sufficient energy or sufficient amounts of C3 metabolites.

⑥ The activity of PFK is decreased.

Exercise for Chapter 3

在生物工程各方面，在通过筛选产 生新生物体方面，人们作了许多的努力，这些新生物体

或者是来源于自然资源，

或者是来自于利用突变或杂交过程

（包括基因工程）

等方法建立的

培养物。为了产生有用的产品，

这些微生物必 需被筛选，

并且它们以相当大的规模生长，以

产生和提取理想产 品，并且要使产品经过严格的评价。

In

all

aspects

of

biotechnology

major

efforts

are

directed

to

screening

programmes

to

generate

new

organisms,either

from

some

natural

source

or

from

established cultures by way of mutation or by hybridization programmes,including

genetic organisms must be screened for useful products and grown up on a large

enough scale to produce and extract the desired product and then to subject the

product to critical evaluation.

Line31-35,

尽管许多新的自养微生物都是野生 型的，但它们都已经从自然环境中被分离出来了，

在运用实验室操作从已经存在的基因组 产生新基因组方面，

人们尽了许多努力。

生物体可以