名词解释74847

．裂孔现象：白血病患者骨髓象有核细胞显著增生，以原始细胞为主，而较成熟中间阶段

细胞缺如，并残留少量成熟粒细胞，形成所谓裂孔现象。

7

．

Chronic

bronchitis:

This

disease

is

characterized

by

the

symptoms

such

as

cough,

sputum or wheeze for at least 3 months of the year for more than 2 consecutive

years,without any indication of other lung and heart diseases (such

as tuberculosis, asthma,heart failure,etc.).

8

．心室重构：在心脏扩大、心室肥厚的过程中，心肌细胞、胞外基质、胶原纤维网等均有

相应变化，如心肌细胞坏死、纤维化导致心肌收缩力和顺应性下降。

(2

分

)

9

．

thyroid

crisis

：

Thyroid

crisis

is

a

sudden

exacerbation

of

symptoms

of

thyrotoxicosis. A complication usually occurs

in patients with

poorly

controlled

or

unrecognized

hyperthyroidism which precipitated by intercurrent illness,

in particular

infection

、

trauma

、

surgery etc.

Clinical

features:

hyperpyrexia,

tachycardia

、

vomiting

、

vomiting

、

diarrhoe

、

dehydration

、

del irium

、

and coma.

10

．

Hepatorena1 syndrome

：

Hepatorenal syndrome is a syndrome of advancing renal

failure

in

a

patient

with

severe

hepatocellular

failure,

usually

advanced

cirrhosis.

In most instances, the uremia and oliguria that characterize this syndrome arise

either

spontaneously

or

in

response

to

changes

in

blood

volume

or

fluid

shifts

with

body

compartments.

The

histology

of

the

kidneys

is

virtually

normal,

with

the

renal

failure being a functional failure.

11

．

肾病综合征：

肾病综合征是指大量蛋白尿

（

>3.5g/d

< br>）

、

低蛋白血症

（血浆白蛋白< /p>

<30g/L

）

、

水肿、高脂血症的一组综合征。

gastrointestinal

hemorrhage< /p>

：

上消化道大出血：

指屈氏韧带以上的消 化道出血，

短时间内出血量超过血容量的

20%

或

1000ml

以上。

13

Horner

综合征：肺上沟瘤 （

pancoast tumor

）是一种位于肺尖部的肺癌。 癌肿侵犯或

压迫颈交感神经，引起患者眼睑下垂、瞳孔缩小、眼球内陷，同侧额部与胸壁 无汗或少汗，

感觉异常。

14

．

Ph

染色体：即

t (9;22)(q34;q11),

因

9

号染色体长臂上（

-abl

）原癌基因易位至

22

号

染色体长臂的断裂点集中区（

< br>bcr

）

，形成

bcr/abl

融合基因。

15 .Variabe asthma

：变异性哮喘：以顽固性咳嗽为唯一的临床表现，无喘息症状。

c encephalopathy

：

Hepatic encephalopathy is a potentially-reversible

。

1

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neuropsychiatric abnormality in the setting of liver failure, whether chronic (as

in

cirrhosis),

or

acutely.

Signs

can

include

impaired

cognition,

a

flapping

tremor

(asterixis),

and

a

decreased

level

of

consciousness

including

coma,

cerebral

edema,

and, ultimately, death.

系严重的肝 功能失调或障碍所致、以代谢紊乱为主要特征的中枢

神经系统功能失调的综合征，主要临 床表现为意识障碍、行为异常及昏迷。

17.

白血病裂孔现象：

急性白血病骨髓有核细胞显著增多，

主要是白血病性的原始和幼稚细

胞，残留少量成熟粒细胞，而较成熟中间阶段细胞缺如 ，形成所谓裂孔现象。

18

．蛋白尿 ：蛋白尿是肾脏疾病最常见的表现，健康成人尿中排出总量不超过

150mg/24h< /p>

，

若高于

150 mg/24h

，则称蛋白尿。

19

．

Paraneoplastic syndrom

：

A paraneoplastic syndrome is a disease that is the

consequence

of

the

presence

of

cancer

in

the

body,

but

is

not

due

to

the

local

presence

of

cancer

cells.

These

phenomena

are

mediated

by

humoral

factors

excreted

by

tumor

cells or by an immune response against the tumor. Paraneoplastic syndromes are

typical among middle aged to older patients and they most commonly present with

cancers of the lung. Sometimes the symptoms of paraneoplastic syndromes show even

before the diagnosis of a malignancy.(

中文回答得一半分

)

20

．

subclinical

hyperthyroidism(

亚临床甲亢

):

Subclinical

hypothyroidism

is

defined

as a serum TSH concentration above the statistically defined lower limit of the

reference range when serum free T4 (FT4) and free T3(FT3) concentration is within

its reference range(1.5). Other causes of a low serum TSH must be excluded(0.5).

Subclinical hyperthyroidism may result from endogenous overproduction of thyroid

hormone or intended or inadvertent overadministration of thyroid hormone. This

condition reflects the fact that before clinical features of thyrotoxicosis are

apparent(0.5)

21.

Zollinger-Ellison

综合症：是胰腺非细胞瘤分泌大量胃泌素所致，大量胃泌素刺激壁

细胞增生和 大量胃酸分泌，

使上消化道浸浴于高酸环境，

在胃十二指肠及不 典型部位如：

十

二指肠降段、横段、甚至空肠发生难治性溃疡， 可伴有腹泻。肿瘤往往很小（

<1cm

）

,

生长

慢，半数为恶性。

22.

Evans

综合征：即自身 免疫性溶血性贫血伴免疫性血小板减少，是由于自身免疫机制同

时破坏了血小板和红细胞 ，引起溶血性贫血和血小板减少的一种病症。

23

．

Community- acquired

pneumonia

(CAP)

：

is

a

disease

in

which

individuals

who

have

not recently been hospitalized develop an infection of the is also a

disease

in

which

the

hospitalized

individuals

who

develop

an

infection

in

the

latent

peroid of the pathogens.

24

．

慢性肾 功能衰竭：

是指各种原因慢性肾脏病引起的肾小球滤过率下降及其与此相关的代