游泳英语

奥运英语

1

（游泳项目上）

奥运会

2 8

个大项中，游泳（

Aquatics

）包括游泳（

Swimming

）、跳水

（

Diving

）、花样游泳（

Sy nchronized Swimming

）和水球（

Water Polo

）。

游泳

Swimming

共包括

34

个小项（上）：

Men's

50m Freestyle

男子

5 0

米自由泳

Men's

100m Freestyle

男子

100

米自由泳

Men's

200m Freestyle

男子

200

米自由泳

Men's

400m Freestyle

男子

400

米自由泳

Men's

1500m Freestyle

男子

1500

米自由泳

Men's

100m Backstroke

男子

100

米仰泳

Men's

200m Backstroke

男子

200

米仰泳

Men's

100m Breaststroke

男子

< br>100

米蛙泳

Men's

200m Breaststroke

男子

< br>200

米蛙泳

Men's

100m Butterfly

男子

100

米蝶泳

Men's

200m Butterfly

男子

200

米蝶泳

Men's

200m Individual Medley

男子

200

米混合泳

Men's

400m Individual Medley

男子

400

Men's

4×

100m Freestyle Relay

男子

4×

< br>100

米自由泳接力

Men's

4×

200m Freestyle Relay

4×

200

米自由泳 接力

Men's

4×

100m Medley Relay

< br>男子

4×

100

米混合泳接力< /p>

Part 3

Glossary of Swimming Terms

游泳运动词汇

Age

Group

Swimming:

Program

through

which

USA

provides

fair

and

open

competition for its younger members. Designed to encourage maximum participation,

provide

an

educational

experience,

enhance

physical

and

mental

conditioning

and

develop a rich base of swimming talent. Nationally recognized age groups are 10 and

under, 11-12, 13-14, 15- 16, 17-18 and 15-18. Local meets may include events for 8

and unders.

Backstroke:

In

the

backstroke

the

swimmer

must

stay

on

his

or

her

back,

except

during

the

turns.

The

stroke

is

an

alternating

motion

of

the

arms

--

much

like

the

crawl

stroke

--

with

a

flutter

kick.

Since

April

of

1991,

a

swimmer

is

no

longer

required to touch the wall with his or her hand before executing the turn maneuver.

The

key

to

proper

interpretation

of

the

backstroke

rule

is

the

phrase

turning action

interpretation,

after

the

shoulder

rotates

beyond

the

vertical

toward

the

breast,

a

continuous simultaneous double arm pull may be used to initiate the turn. There shall

be no kick, arm pull, or floatation that is independent of the turn. The position of the

head is

not

relevant.

In

all U.S.

Swimming and FINA competition,

each swimmer's

head must surface within 15 meters of the start of the race. This is a change from the

1988 FINA rule change which stated that a swimmer must surface within 10 meters of

the

start

of

a

race.

The

rule

was

passed

after

America's

David

Berkoff

set

a

world

record in Seoul using a 35-meter underwater start, nicknamed the

by NBC swimming commentator John Naber. Backstroke race distances are 100 and

200 meters.

Block: The starting platform

Breaststroke:

Perhaps

one

of

the

most

difficult

strokes

to

master,

the

breaststroke

requires

simultaneous

movements

of

the

arms

on

the

same

horizontal

plane.

The

hands are pushed forward from

the breast

on or

under the surface of the water

and

brought backward in the propulsive stage of the stroke simultaneously. The kick is a

simultaneous

thrust

of

the

legs

called

a

or

breaststroke

kick.

No

flutter

or

dolphin

kicking

is

allowed.

Swimmers

must

touch

the

wall

with

both

hands

at

the

same

time

before

executing

their

turn.

Breaststroke

race

distances

are

100

and

200

meters

Bulkhead:

A

wall

constructed

to

divide

a

pool

into

different

courses

such

as

a

50

meter pool into two 25 yard courses.

Butterfly:

The

most

physically

demanding

stroke,

the

butterfly

features

the

simultaneous

overhead

stroke

of

the

arms

combined

with

the

dolphin

kick.

The

dolphin kick features

both

legs moving up and down together. No flutter kicking is

allowed. As in the breaststroke, swimmers must touch the wall with both hands before

turning. The butterfly was

rules

and

in

1956

became

an

Olympic

event

in

Melbourne,

Australia.

In

all

U.S.

Swimming

and

FINA

competition,

each

swimmer's

head

must

surface

within

15

meters of the start

of the race. This

rule was passed at

the 1998 FINA

Congress

in

Perth,

Australia.

USA's

Misty

Hyman,

among

other

swimmers,

had

utilized

an

extended underwater start prior to the restriction. Butterfly races are swum in 100 and

200 meter distances.

Circle

Swimming:

Performed

by

staying

in

to

the

right

of

the

black

line

when

swimming in a lane, to Enable more swimmers to swim in each lane.

Coach: A person who trains and teaches athletes in the sport of swimming

Code of Conduct: An agreement signed by a swimmer prior to travel stating that the

swimmer will abide by certain behavioral guidelines.

Cut: Slang for qualifying time. A time standard necessary to attend a particular meet

or event.

Distance: Term used to refer to events over 400 meters/500 yards.

DQ: Disqualified. This occurs when a swimmer has committed an infraction of some

kind

A

disqualified

swimmer

is

not

eligible

to

receive

awards,

nor

can

the

time

be

used as an official time.

Drill: An exercise involving a portion or part of a stroke, used to improve technique.

Dryland Training:

Training done out of the water that aids and enhances swimming

performance

Entry Form: Form on which a swimmer enters a competition. Usually includes USA

number, age, sex, event number and time.

Failed Swim: Where a meet calls for proof of a time standard and the swimmer fails

to meet that standard in a particular race.

False Start: Occurs when a swimmer is moving at the start.

Finals:

The

championship

heat

of

an

event

in

which

the

top

six

or

eight

swimmers

from the preliminaries compete, depending on the number of lanes in the pool.

Flags:

Backstroke

flags

placed

five

yards

(short

course)

or

5

meters

(long

course)

from the end of the pool. They enable backstrokers to execute a backstroke turn more

efficiently by counting their strokes.

Freestyle: In the freestyle, the competitor may swim any stroke he or she wishes. The

usual stroke used is the Australian Crawl. This stroke is characterized by the alternate

overhand

motion

of

the

arms

and

a

flutter

kick

which

can

be

either

a

six- beat-per

stroke or two-beat-per-stroke cycle rhythm. The slower two-beat kick is used in the

distance races, while the faster, six-beat

kick is

used in

the sprint

events and at

the

very

end

of

the

distance

races.

In

all

U.S.

Swimming

and

FINA

competition,

each

swimmer's head must surface within 15 meters of the start of the race. This rule was

passed at the 1998 FINA Congress in Perth, Australia. The freestyle is swum in 50-,

100-,

200-,

400-,

800-

and

1500-meter

distances

at

the

Olympic

Games.

Women's

events

do

not

include

the

1500-meter

freestyle,

while

the

men's

schedule

of

events

does not include the 800-meter freestyle.

Freestyle Relays: There are two freestyle relays -- 400 and 800 meters. In the freestyle

relays, four swimmers each swim one fourth of the total distance. As in the medley

relay, no individual may swim more than one leg of the relay.

Goal:

A

specific

time

achievement

a

swimmer

sets

and

strives

for.

Can

be

short

or

long term.

Gutter: The area along the edge of the pool in which water overflows during a race

and is recirculated through the filtration system.

Individual

Medley:

The

individual

medley,

commonly

referred

to

as

the

features all four competitive strokes. In the I.M. a swimmer begins with the butterfly,

changes

to

the

backstroke

after

one-fourth

of

the

race,

then

the

breaststroke

for

another quarter and finally finishes with the freestyle. The

comes into play in the individual medley events in that the new turn may be used in

the 400-meter IM (100 meters of each stroke) only in the middle of the backstroke leg.

The new turn may not be used in the backstroke to breaststroke turn, however, and is

therefore not allowed in a long course 200-meter individual medley race. The IM is

swum in 200 and 400 meter distances.

IM:

Slang

for

the

Individual

Medley,

an

event

in

which

the

swimmer

uses

all

four

strokes in the following order: butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke and freestyle.

Lap

Counter:

A

set

of

plastic

display

numbers

used

to

keep

track

of

laps

during

a

distance race. Also, the person who counts for the swimmer stationed at the opposite

end from the start.

Long

Course:

A

pool

50

meters

in

length.

USA

conducts

most

of

its

summer

competition in long course.

Long Distance: Any freestyle event over 1500 meters, normally conducted in a natural

body of water, Such as a lake, river or ocean. Also known as Marathon swimming.

LSC: Local Swimming Committee. Governing body for swimming on a local level.

1

2

3

4

Medley

Relay:

In

the

medley

relay,

all

four

strokes

are

swum

by

four

different

swimmers. No swimmer may swim more than one leg of the relay, which is swum in

backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle order. Additionally it is possible to see

a world record in the 100-meter backstroke (the first leg) in this race. Jeff Rouse, the

current

men's

world

record

holder

in

the

100-meter

backstroke,

set

that

mark

swimming the lead-off leg for the 1991 U.S. team at the Pan Pacific Championships

in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and again on the `92 Olympic team in Barcelona. The

medley relay is 400 meters -- or 4x100 meters

Meet: Competition

designed to

be a learning experience by implementing what

has

been learned in practice. The swimmer tests himself against the clock to see how he is

improving.

Meet

program:

Contains

pertinent

information

regarding

event,

heat

and

lane

assignments for all participating swimmers at a meet. Parents should purchase one at

the beginning of each meet.

Middle

Distance:

Term

used

to

refer

to

events

of

200

yards/meters

to

400

yards/meters in length.

National Age Group Time Standard: Time standards derived from the previous years'

results

that

are

broken

down

by

age

and

sex

as

well

as

B,

A,

AA,

AAA,

AAAA

divisions.

Theses

designations

are

NATIONAL

and

may

be

used

for

qualifying

purposes. Many LSC's have their own time standards.

National Age Group Top 16: Time standards set for both short and long course based

on

previous

years'

achievements.

Only

times

meeting

these

standards

may

be

submitted for consideration each year.

Negative Split: Swimming the second half of the race equal to or faster than the first

half.

Official: A judge on the deck of the pool at a sanctioned competition who is there to

enforce USA rules. There are stroke and turn judges, administrative officials, starters,

timers and referees.

Pace Clock: Large clock with a large second hand and a smaller minute hand, used to

check pace or to maintain intervals in practice; may also be digital.

Prelims:

Slang

for

preliminaries,

also

called

Heats

or

Trials.

Those

races

in

which

swimmers qualify for the championship and consolation finals in events.

Proof of Time: A requirement at some meets to make certain that all swimmers have

legally met the time standards for that meet. Parents must pay $$25.00 for any failed

swim at a Southeastern championship meet.

Q-Time:

Qualifying

time

necessary

to

compete

in

a

particular

event

and/or

competition.

Referee: The official who has the authority over all other officials at a meet. He/She

makes all final decisions and sees to the efficient running of the meet.

Relay: An event in which four swimmers compete together as a team to achieve one

time.

Safety:

The

condition

of

being

safe.

Safety

procedures

are

designed

to

prevent

accidents.

Scratch: To withdraw from an event in a competition.

Seeding Times: The time a swimmer uses to enter a meet. This time, which is written

on the entry card, determines ones position and lane in a particular meet.

Set: A group of drills put together to form a complete practice.

Senior

Swimming:

The

program

through

which

USA

provides

fair

and

open

competition in National Swimming championships. It is designed to afford maximum

opportunity

for

participation,

provide

an

educational

experience,

enhance

physical

and

mental

conditioning

and

develop

a

pool

of

talented

athletes

for

International

competition. There are no age restrictions in Senior competition.

Short

Course:

A

pool

25

yards

or

25

meters

in

length.

USA

conducts

most

of

its

winter competition in short course.

Split: A swimmer's intermediate time in a race. Splits are registered every 50 yards or

meters

and

are

used

to

determine

if

a

swimmer

is

on

record

pace.

Under

certain

conditions, splits may also be used as official times.

Sprint:

Describes

the

shorter

events

(50

and

100).

In

training,

to

swim

as

fast

as

possible for a short distance.

Starts and Turn: Many races are lost in poor starts and turns. In the start, the swimmer

is called to starting position by the starter who visually checks that all swimmers are

in the down positions and still. Then, once the starter is satisfied, the race is started by

either

a

gun

or

electronic

tone.

If

the

starter

feels

that

one

of

the

swimmers

has

jumped early, the race will be recalled and the offending swimmer disqualified. Quick

turns are essential to a good race. In all events the swimmer must touch the wall, but

in the freestyle and the backstroke, the swimmer may somersault as he or she reaches

the

wall,

touching

only

with

the

feet.

In

the

other

two

competitive

strokes,

the

swimmer must touch the wall with one or both hands before executing the turn.

Starter: The official at a meet responsible for starting each heat and calling the next

heat to the blocks.

Streamline: The position used to

gain maximum distance during a start and/or push

off from the wall in which the swimmer's body is as tight as it can be.

Stroke

and

Turn

Judge:

The

official

who

determines

the

legality

of

a

swimmers'

strokes

and

turns

and

who

disqualifies

those

swimmers

who

do

not

conform

to

the

rules.

Taper:

The

final

preparation

phase

prior

to

major

competition.

An

older

more

experienced

swimmer

will

shave

his

entire

body

to

reduce

resistance

and

heighten

sensation in the water.

Time Trial: A time only swim which is not part of a regular meet.

Touch Pad: A large sensitive board at the end of each lane where a swimmer's touch is

registered and sent electronically to the timing system.

USA Swimming: United States of America Swimming, Inc. The national governing

body for amateur competitive swimming in the United States.

USA

Card

number:

Unique

number

assigned

to

a

swimmer

when

they

join

United

States of America Swimming.

Warm

Down:

Low

intensity

swimming

used

by

swimmers

after

a

race

or

main

practice. It rids the body of excess lactic acid and to gradually reduce heart rate and

respiration.

Warm

Up:

Used

by

a

swimmer

prior

to

a

main

practice,

set

or

race.

Gets

muscles

loose and warm and gradually increases heart and respiration.

Watches: Stopwatches used to time swimmers during a competition, usually electronic.

When totally automatic timing equipment is used, watches serve as a back- up method.

Part 4

游泳比赛是一个集竞技游泳、跳水、花样游泳和 水球为一体的大型项目。在

200

8

年 北京奥运会上，游泳比赛共设

46

个小项，其中竞技游泳

34

项、跳水

8

项、

水球和花样游泳各

2

项，金牌之多仅次 于田径比赛。

我们就来看看游泳比赛中遇到的各种专业名词英文怎么说。

项目

人员

规则与裁判

出发

转身

臀部动作

腿部动作

身体位置

呼吸

训练

救生

场地与器材

1.

游泳：

swimming;

natation

2.

游程：

course

3.

短池比赛：

short- course

meet

4.

短距离比赛：

sprint;

dash

5.

中距离游泳：

middle- distance

swimming

6.

长距离游泳：

< br>(long-)distance

swimming

7.

超长距离

[

马拉松式

]

游泳：

ultradistance

[marathon]

swimming

8.

渡峡游泳：

channel

swimming

9.

冬泳：

winter

swimming

项目

10.

游泳姿势：

swimming

stroke

< br>11.

爬泳：

crawl

（

stroke)

12.

美国式爬泳（六次打腿）：

American

crawl

13.

澳大利亚式爬泳（两次打腿）：

Australia n

[two-beat]

crawl

14.

自由泳：

freestyle;

free

stroke

15.

仰［背］泳：

backstroke

；

back

crawl

16.

蛙泳：

breaststroke

17.

高航式蛙泳：

high

sail

breaststroke

18.

波浪式蛙泳：

wave

breaststroke

19.

蝶泳：

butterfly

20.

海豚泳：

dolphin

21.

混合泳：

medley

stroke

< br>22.

个人混合泳：

individual

medley

23.

接力游泳：

relay

24.

自 由泳接力：

freestyle

relay

25.

混合泳接力：

medley

relay

26.

接力中的交接：

relay

change;

take-over

27.

侧泳：

sidestroke

28.

单 臂出水侧游：

northern

stroke;

overarm

sidestroke

29.

潜 水运动：

underwater

sports

30.

潜水：（

skin)

diving;

underwater

swimming

31.

屏气潜泳：

holding- breath

diving;

diving

with

bated

breath

32.

蹼泳：

fin

swimming

33.

器泳：

scuba

swimming

人员

34.

游泳运动员：

swimmer

35.

短 距离游泳运动员：

sprinter;

dash

man

；

dasher

36.

长 距离游泳运动员：

distance

swimmer

37.

蝶 泳运动员：

butterfly

swimmer;

flyer

38.

个人混合泳运动员：

individual

medleyist

39.

全面的游泳运动员：

all- round

swimmer

< /p>

40.

潜水运动员：（

skin