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新立得软件包管理器 详解

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-07 09:54
tags:

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2021年2月7日发(作者:trending)


For


personal


use


only


in


study


an


d


research;


not


for


commercial


us


e






新立得软件包管理器





目录







简介






使用指南






Tro ubleshooting


(疑难解答)






简介



< /p>


新立得软件包管理器起源于


Debian


。它是


dpkg


命令的图形化前端,或者说是前端软件套件管理 工具。它能够在





图形界面内完成


LINUX


系统软件的搜寻、安装和删 除,相当于终端里的


apt


命令。








ubuntu


最近的长期支持版里已经预 装了新立得软件包管理器。在没有安装它的系统中,可以通过


apt-get


inst


all


synaptic< /p>


进行安装。使用新立得软件包管理器的同时不能使用终端,因为它们实质上是一样的。










使用指南



Getting


Started


(启动)










To


launch


Synaptic,


choose


System


>


Administration


>


Synaptic


Package


Manager.







要运行新立得,点击系统



>


系统管理



>


新立得软件包管理器(


System


>


Administration


>


Synaptic


Packag


e


Manager










The


main


window


is


divided


into


three


sections:


a


package


browser


on


the


left,


the


package


list


on


th


e


upper


right,


and


package


details


on


the


lower


right.


The


status


bar


shows


you


the


system


state


at


a


glan


ce.







新立得的主窗口分为三个部分:左边是一个包浏览器,右上方是包列表以及右下方的包详细信 息。状态栏显示您


的系统的总体状态。








Browsing


the


package


database


( 浏览软件包数据库)








To


browse


the


(very


large)


list


of


available


packages


by


category,


section,


package


status,


custom


filte


rs,


or


recent


searches.


Click


on


the


corresponding


button


at


the


bottom


of


the


left


window


pane.


You


can


al


so


create


your


own


filters.


See


the


filters


Filters


section


for


details.







如果要 按分类、


类别、


状态、


自定义过滤器或 者最近搜索来浏览软件包列表


(巨大)



点击窗口左下角相应的按钮。


您也可以自定义过滤器。关于过滤器的详细信息,请参考


filters


Filters


一节。








To


search


for


packages


by


name


or


description,


click


on


the


Search


button


in


the


toolbar:







点击工 具栏上的搜索(


Search


)以名称或者描述来搜索软件包:








You


can


examine


a


number


of


package


details


in


the


lower


right


window


pane


such


as


its


size,


its


de


pendencies,


recommended


or


suggested


additional


packages,


and


a


short


description.







您可以查看右下角面板上的一系列关于选定软件包的详细信息 ,例如大小、依赖关系、推荐或建议的额外软件包


以及一段简短的描述。








Adding


or


Removing


Software


(添加或删除软件)








To


install


a


package







安装一个软件包









Click


Reload


or


press


Ctrl


+


R


to


make


Synaptic


aware


of


the


latest


updates.







点击刷 新(


Reload


)或者按下


Ctrl


+


R


来使新立得获得最新的软件包信息。








Right-click


on


the


package


and


choose


Mark


for


Installation


from


the


context


menu,


or


press


Ctrl


+


I.


If


the


package


requires


the


installation


of


another


package,


a


dialog


box


appears:







右键点 击需要的软件包,然後在弹出的菜单中选择标记以便安装(


Mark


for


Installation


)或者按下



Ctrl


+


I.






Synaptic


will


warn


you


if


your


choices


conflict


with


packages


that


are


already


installed


on


your


system.



If


this


is


the


case,


the


dialog


box


will


show


you


any


packages


that


need


to


be


removed.


If


you


are


not


su


re


you


don't


need


the


package(s)


that


will


be


removed,


make


sure


you


look


up


its


function


and


use


before


you


apply


the


changes


you've


made.







如果您所选择的软件包与系统中已经安装了的软件包有冲突,新立得会给予您警告。如果确有 冲突发生,一个对


话框将提示您需要删除的软件包。如果您不确定您已经不需要将要被删 除的软件包,那么在您确认之前,请务必先查看


这些软件包的功能和作用。








Click


Mark


to


allow


the


installation


of


the


additional


package(s).







点击标 记(


Mark


)来安装所需的额外软件包。







Once


you're


satisfied


with


your


choices,


click


on


Apply


in


the


toolbar


or


press


Ctrl


+


P.







当您满 意您的选择後,点击工具栏上的应用(


Apply


)按钮或者按 下


Ctrl


+


P









A


dialog


box


appears


with


a


summary


of


changes


that


will


be


made.







这时会出现一个摘要您所作更改的对话框。








Confirm


the


changes


by


clicking


on


Apply.







点击应 用(


Apply


)按钮来确认您的更改。








To


remove


or


'completely


remove'


a


package







删除或者彻底删除一个软件包








Right-click


on


the


package


and


choose


Mark


for


Removal


from


the


context


menu







右键点击需要删除的软件包,然後在弹出的菜单中选择标记以便删除(


Mark


for


Removal










Once


you're


satisfied


with


your


choices,


click


on


Apply


in


the


toolbar


or


press


Ctrl


+


P.







当您满 意您的选择後,点击工具栏上的应用(


Apply


)按钮或者按 下


Ctrl


+


P









A


dialog


box


appears


with


a


summary


of


changes


that


will


be


made.


Confirm


the


changes


by


clicking



on


Apply.







这时会 出现一个摘要您所作更改的对话框。点击应用(


Apply


)按 钮来确认您的更改。








The


Mark


for


Complete


Removal


option


instructs


Synaptic


to


remove


any


configuration


files


associated



with


the


package


as


well.


标记以便彻底删除



Mark


for


Complete


Remo val



选项会使新立得同时删除所有与软件

< br>包相关的配置文件。








To


upgrade


a


package







升级一个软件包








Click


Reload


or


press


Ctrl


+


R


to


make


Synaptic


aware


of


the


latest


updates.







点击刷新(


Reload


)或者按下


Ctrl


+


R


来使新立得获得最新的软件包信息。








Right-click


on


the


package


and


choose


Mark


for


Upgrade


from


the


context


menu,


or


press


Ctrl


+


U.







右键点 击需要的软件包,然後在弹出的菜单中选择标记以便升级(


Mark


for


Upgrade''''


)或者按下



Ctrl


+


U.







Once


you're


satisfied


with


your


choices,


click


on


Apply


in


the


toolbar


or


press


Ctrl


+


P.







当您满 意您的选择後,点击工具栏上的应用(


Apply


)按钮或者按 下


Ctrl


+


P









A


dialog


box


appears


with


a


summary


of


changes


that


will


be


made.


Confirm


the


changes


by


clicking



on


Apply.







这时会 出现一个摘要您所作更改的对话框。点击应用(


Apply


)按 钮来确认您的更改。








Managing


Repositories


(管理软件仓库)








You


can


manage


the


list


of


repositories


or


software


channels


from


the


Software


Preferences


Panel.


To



learn


more


about


managing


software


channels


in


Ubuntu,


see


the


Ubuntu


Repositories


wiki


page.


You


can


call


up


the


software


preferences


panel


from


within


Synaptic


by


selecting


Reposito


ries


from


the


Settings


men


u.







您可以软件首选项面板来管理软件仓库或软件频道。


您可以通过设置 菜单中的软件库命令来打开软件软件首选项。








As


a


front-end


to


apt,


Synaptic


uses


the


system- wide


list


of


software


repositories


file


located


at







/etc/apt/


For


more


on


managing


software


channels,


see


the


Repositories


wiki


page.


作为


apt


的前端,新立得使用系统系统己的软件仓库配置文件:





罿




/etc/apt/







Updating


the


Package


List


(更新软件包列表)








Synaptic


maintains


a


database


of


packages


on


your


system


in


order


to


keep


track


of


installed


softwar


e.


This


list


is


checked


against


the


software


repositories


to


inform


you


of


new


packages


or


updates.


Synaptic



checks


for


new


software


packages


when


you


launch


Synaptic.


It's


a


good


idea


to


update


the


database


fro


m


time


to


time


while


running


Synaptic.


In


particular,


you


may


want


to


do


so


if


you


have


made


changes


to


t


he


list


of


software


channels


or


if


you


have


made


changes


to


Synaptic's


configuration.


Just


click


on


the


Relo


ad


button


or


press


Ctrl


+


R.







新立得维护了一个关于您系统上所有软件包的数据库来追踪您 系统上安装了的软件包。新立得通过检查软件仓库


来更新数据库,这样它就可以提示您新 的软件包或者已有软件包的升级。新立得在启动时检查新的软件包。在运行新立


得时时常 更新数据库是个不错的选择。特别是当您改变了软件仓库列表或者更改了新立得的设置时,您可能需要立即更


新数据库。需要更新只需点击工具栏上的刷新(


Reload


)按钮或者按下


Ctrl


+


R









How


to


keep


your


system


up- to-date


(如何使您的系统保持最新)








Synaptic


provides


two


methods


for


upgrading


your


system:







新立得提供两种方式来更新您的系统:








Smart


Upgrade


(Dist-Upgrade)


--


recommended







The


smart


upgrade


method


tries


to


resolve


package


conflicts.


This


includes


installing


additional


depend


encies


(required


packages)


if


needed


and


preferring


packages


with


higher


priority.


Smart


Upgrade



has


the


s


ame


effect


as


the


apt-get


dist-upgrade


tool


on


the


command


line.







智能升级


(Dist-Upgrade)


--


推荐








智能升级会试图解决软件包之间冲突的问题。这包括在需要时安装额外的依赖关系(需要的软 件包)或者选择具


有较高优先级的软件包。智能升级与命令行上的


apt-get


dist- upgrade


具有同样的效果。








Default


Upgrade







The


default


upgrade


method


marks


upgrades


of


installed


packages


only.


If


the


new


version


of


a


packa


ge


depends


on


not


installed


packages


or


coflicts


with


an


already


installed


package,


it


will


not


be


upgraded.







默认升级








默认升 级仅仅标记所有已安装软件包的升级。如果新版本的软件包依赖于尚未安装的软件包或者于已安装的软件


包冲突,升级将不会继续。








Dist-upgrade


is


the


default


upgrade


method


used


by


Synaptic.


To


change


the


upgrade


method,


choose



Preferences


from


the


Settings


menu,


then


click


on


the


General


tab


and


adjust


the


System


upgrade


entry.


智能 升级是新立得默认的升级方式。如果希望改变升级方式,选择设置(


Settings< /p>


)菜单下的首选项(


Preferences



点击常规信息(


Genera l


)选项卡,然後调整系统升级(


System


upgrade


)项。








To


upgrade


your


system


with


Synaptic:







要使用新立得升级您的系统:








Click


Reload


or


press


Ctrl


+


R


to


make


Synaptic


aware


of


the


latest


updates.







点击刷 新(


Reload


)或者按下


Ctrl


+


R


来使新立得获得最新的软件包信息。








Click


Mark


all


Upgrades


or


press


Ctrl


+


G.







点击工具栏上的标记所有软件包以便升级(


Mark


all


Upgrades


)按钮或者 按下


Ctrl


+


G









Click


Apply


on


the


toolbar


or


press


Ctrl


+


P.


A


dialog


appears


with


a


summary


of


the


changes


that


w


ill


be


made


to


your


system.







点击工 具栏上的应用(


Apply


)按钮或者按下

Ctrl


+


P



*


这时会出现一个摘要您所作更改的对话框。








Click


Apply


to


confirm


the


changes


and


go


ahead


with


the


upgrade.







点击应 用(


Apply


)来确认您的更改并继续升级。








Integration


with


Update-Manager







与更新管理器


(Update- Manager)


的集成








Synaptic


works


hand-in-hand


with


Update-Manager


to


inform


you


about


updates


to


the


software


installe


d


on


your


system.


If


software


or


security


updates


are


available,


Update-Manager


will


display


a


pop-up


mess


age


and


an


icon


in


the


notification


area


on


your


GNOME


desktop.


To


update


your


system,


click



on


the


notif


ication


icon,


enter


your


password


and


click


OK.







新立得与更新管理器(


Update-Manager


)紧密合作来提示您您系统上安装的软件包的升级。如果有软件或者安全


更新,更新管理器会在您的


GNOME


桌面的通知区域显示一个 图标。要升级您的系统,点击通知区域的图表,输入您的


密码,然後点击


OK









You


can


change


the


frequency


of


update


checks


in


the


Software


Preferences


panel.


Choose


Repositori


es


from


the


Settings


menu,


then


click


on


the


Internet


Updates


tab


and


adjust


the


Check


for


updates


entry.







您可以通过软件首选项面板(


Software


Preferences


)改变检查更新的频率。选择设置(


Settings


)菜单下的首选


项(


Preferences



,点击

Internet


Updates



Internet


Updates


)选项卡,然後调整自动检查更新(

< p>
Check


for


updates


-


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-


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