-
For
personal
use
only
in
study
an
d
research;
not
for
commercial
us
e
蒅
新立得软件包管理器
蒄
目录
蚂
简介
蝿
使用指南
羅
Tro
ubleshooting
(疑难解答)
芅
简介
<
/p>
新立得软件包管理器起源于
Debian
。它是
dpkg
命令的图形化前端,或者说是前端软件套件管理
工具。它能够在
葿
图形界面内完成
LINUX
系统软件的搜寻、安装和删
除,相当于终端里的
apt
命令。
袇
p>
在
ubuntu
最近的长期支持版里已经预
装了新立得软件包管理器。在没有安装它的系统中,可以通过
apt-get
inst
all
synaptic<
/p>
进行安装。使用新立得软件包管理器的同时不能使用终端,因为它们实质上是一样的。
p>
莄
螁
使用指南
Getting
Started
(启动)
薀
羆
To
launch
Synaptic,
choose
System
>
Administration
>
Synaptic
Package
Manager.
螃
要运行新立得,点击系统
>
系统管理
>
新立得软件包管理器(
System
>
Administration
>
Synaptic
Packag
e
Manager
p>
)
。
蒁
The
main
window
is
divided
into
three
sections:
a
package
browser
on
the
left,
the
package
list
on
th
e
upper
right,
and
package
details
on
the
lower
right.
The
status
bar
shows
you
the
system
state
at
a
glan
ce.
薂
p>
新立得的主窗口分为三个部分:左边是一个包浏览器,右上方是包列表以及右下方的包详细信
息。状态栏显示您
的系统的总体状态。
莈
Browsing
the
package
database
(
浏览软件包数据库)
蒇
To
browse
the
(very
large)
list
of
available
packages
by
category,
section,
package
status,
custom
filte
rs,
or
recent
searches.
Click
on
the
corresponding
button
at
the
bottom
of
the
left
window
pane.
You
can
al
so
create
your
own
filters.
See
the
filters
Filters
section
for
details.
节
如果要
按分类、
类别、
状态、
自定义过滤器或
者最近搜索来浏览软件包列表
(巨大)
。
点击窗口左下角相应的按钮。
您也可以自定义过滤器。关于过滤器的详细信息,请参考
filters
Filters
一节。
荿
To
search
for
packages
by
name
or
description,
click
on
the
Search
button
in
the
toolbar:
蒆
点击工
具栏上的搜索(
Search
)以名称或者描述来搜索软件包:
袆
You
can
examine
a
number
of
package
details
in
the
lower
right
window
pane
such
as
its
size,
its
de
pendencies,
recommended
or
suggested
additional
packages,
and
a
short
description.
羂
您可以查看右下角面板上的一系列关于选定软件包的详细信息
,例如大小、依赖关系、推荐或建议的额外软件包
以及一段简短的描述。
蒀
Adding
or
Removing
Software
(添加或删除软件)
蝿
To
install
a
package
莆
安装一个软件包
:
蚃
Click
Reload
or
press
Ctrl
+
R
to
make
Synaptic
aware
of
the
latest
updates.
薂
点击刷
新(
Reload
)或者按下
Ctrl
+
R
来使新立得获得最新的软件包信息。
羇
Right-click
on
the
package
and
choose
Mark
for
Installation
from
the
context
menu,
or
press
Ctrl
+
I.
If
the
package
requires
the
installation
of
another
package,
a
dialog
box
appears:
螅
右键点
击需要的软件包,然後在弹出的菜单中选择标记以便安装(
Mark
for
Installation
)或者按下
Ctrl
+
I.
蒃
Synaptic
will
warn
you
if
your
choices
conflict
with
packages
that
are
already
installed
on
your
system.
If
this
is
the
case,
the
dialog
box
will
show
you
any
packages
that
need
to
be
removed.
If
you
are
not
su
re
you
don't
need
the
package(s)
that
will
be
removed,
make
sure
you
look
up
its
function
and
use
before
you
apply
the
changes
you've
made.
荿
p>
如果您所选择的软件包与系统中已经安装了的软件包有冲突,新立得会给予您警告。如果确有
冲突发生,一个对
话框将提示您需要删除的软件包。如果您不确定您已经不需要将要被删
除的软件包,那么在您确认之前,请务必先查看
这些软件包的功能和作用。
芀
Click
Mark
to
allow
the
installation
of
the
additional
package(s).
膄
点击标
记(
Mark
)来安装所需的额外软件包。
膃
Once
you're
satisfied
with
your
choices,
click
on
Apply
in
the
toolbar
or
press
Ctrl
+
P.
莁
当您满
意您的选择後,点击工具栏上的应用(
Apply
)按钮或者按
下
Ctrl
+
P
。
莈
A
dialog
box
appears
with
a
summary
of
changes
that
will
be
made.
蚄
这时会出现一个摘要您所作更改的对话框。
羄
Confirm
the
changes
by
clicking
on
Apply.
蒂
点击应
用(
Apply
)按钮来确认您的更改。
薆
To
remove
or
'completely
remove'
a
package
莇
删除或者彻底删除一个软件包
蚄
Right-click
on
the
package
and
choose
Mark
for
Removal
from
the
context
menu
艿
p>
右键点击需要删除的软件包,然後在弹出的菜单中选择标记以便删除(
Mark
for
Removal
)
。
衿
Once
you're
satisfied
with
your
choices,
click
on
Apply
in
the
toolbar
or
press
Ctrl
+
P.
螇
当您满
意您的选择後,点击工具栏上的应用(
Apply
)按钮或者按
下
Ctrl
+
P
。
蒄
A
dialog
box
appears
with
a
summary
of
changes
that
will
be
made.
Confirm
the
changes
by
clicking
on
Apply.
芁
这时会
出现一个摘要您所作更改的对话框。点击应用(
Apply
)按
钮来确认您的更改。
羇
The
Mark
for
Complete
Removal
option
instructs
Synaptic
to
remove
any
configuration
files
associated
with
the
package
as
well.
标记以便彻底删除
(
Mark
for
Complete
Remo
val
)
选项会使新立得同时删除所有与软件
< br>包相关的配置文件。
膆
To
upgrade
a
package
袁
升级一个软件包
莂
Click
Reload
or
press
Ctrl
+
R
to
make
Synaptic
aware
of
the
latest
updates.
莀
p>
点击刷新(
Reload
)或者按下
Ctrl
+
R
来使新立得获得最新的软件包信息。
薅
Right-click
on
the
package
and
choose
Mark
for
Upgrade
from
the
context
menu,
or
press
Ctrl
+
U.
蚁
右键点
击需要的软件包,然後在弹出的菜单中选择标记以便升级(
Mark
for
Upgrade''''
)或者按下
Ctrl
+
U.
腿
Once
you're
satisfied
with
your
choices,
click
on
Apply
in
the
toolbar
or
press
Ctrl
+
P.
蒈
当您满
意您的选择後,点击工具栏上的应用(
Apply
)按钮或者按
下
Ctrl
+
P
。
肅
A
dialog
box
appears
with
a
summary
of
changes
that
will
be
made.
Confirm
the
changes
by
clicking
on
Apply.
莂
这时会
出现一个摘要您所作更改的对话框。点击应用(
Apply
)按
钮来确认您的更改。
膁
Managing
Repositories
(管理软件仓库)
薆
You
can
manage
the
list
of
repositories
or
software
channels
from
the
Software
Preferences
Panel.
To
learn
more
about
managing
software
channels
in
Ubuntu,
see
the
Ubuntu
Repositories
wiki
page.
You
can
call
up
the
software
preferences
panel
from
within
Synaptic
by
selecting
Reposito
ries
from
the
Settings
men
u.
蒄
p>
您可以软件首选项面板来管理软件仓库或软件频道。
您可以通过设置
菜单中的软件库命令来打开软件软件首选项。
膂
As
a
front-end
to
apt,
Synaptic
uses
the
system-
wide
list
of
software
repositories
file
located
at
节
/etc/apt/
For
more
on
managing
software
channels,
see
the
Repositories
wiki
page.
作为
apt
的前端,新立得使用系统系统己的软件仓库配置文件:
罿
/etc/apt/
袃
Updating
the
Package
List
(更新软件包列表)
袂
Synaptic
maintains
a
database
of
packages
on
your
system
in
order
to
keep
track
of
installed
softwar
e.
This
list
is
checked
against
the
software
repositories
to
inform
you
of
new
packages
or
updates.
Synaptic
checks
for
new
software
packages
when
you
launch
Synaptic.
It's
a
good
idea
to
update
the
database
fro
m
time
to
time
while
running
Synaptic.
In
particular,
you
may
want
to
do
so
if
you
have
made
changes
to
t
he
list
of
software
channels
or
if
you
have
made
changes
to
Synaptic's
configuration.
Just
click
on
the
Relo
ad
button
or
press
Ctrl
+
R.
肀
新立得维护了一个关于您系统上所有软件包的数据库来追踪您
系统上安装了的软件包。新立得通过检查软件仓库
来更新数据库,这样它就可以提示您新
的软件包或者已有软件包的升级。新立得在启动时检查新的软件包。在运行新立
得时时常
更新数据库是个不错的选择。特别是当您改变了软件仓库列表或者更改了新立得的设置时,您可能需要立即更
p>
新数据库。需要更新只需点击工具栏上的刷新(
Reload
)按钮或者按下
Ctrl
+
R
。
肇
How
to
keep
your
system
up-
to-date
(如何使您的系统保持最新)
薇
Synaptic
provides
two
methods
for
upgrading
your
system:
蚃
新立得提供两种方式来更新您的系统:
膁
Smart
Upgrade
(Dist-Upgrade)
--
recommended
葿
The
smart
upgrade
method
tries
to
resolve
package
conflicts.
This
includes
installing
additional
depend
encies
(required
packages)
if
needed
and
preferring
packages
with
higher
priority.
Smart
Upgrade
has
the
s
ame
effect
as
the
apt-get
dist-upgrade
tool
on
the
command
line.
羆
智能升级
(Dist-Upgrade)
--
推荐
莃
p>
智能升级会试图解决软件包之间冲突的问题。这包括在需要时安装额外的依赖关系(需要的软
件包)或者选择具
有较高优先级的软件包。智能升级与命令行上的
apt-get
dist-
upgrade
具有同样的效果。
羈
Default
Upgrade
薈
The
default
upgrade
method
marks
upgrades
of
installed
packages
only.
If
the
new
version
of
a
packa
ge
depends
on
not
installed
packages
or
coflicts
with
an
already
installed
package,
it
will
not
be
upgraded.
蒅
默认升级
肃
默认升
级仅仅标记所有已安装软件包的升级。如果新版本的软件包依赖于尚未安装的软件包或者于已安装的软件
包冲突,升级将不会继续。
羀
Dist-upgrade
is
the
default
upgrade
method
used
by
Synaptic.
To
change
the
upgrade
method,
choose
Preferences
from
the
Settings
menu,
then
click
on
the
General
tab
and
adjust
the
System
upgrade
entry.
智能
升级是新立得默认的升级方式。如果希望改变升级方式,选择设置(
Settings<
/p>
)菜单下的首选项(
Preferences
)
,
点击常规信息(
Genera
l
)选项卡,然後调整系统升级(
System
upgrade
)项。
蚆
To
upgrade
your
system
with
Synaptic:
袅
要使用新立得升级您的系统:
袄
Click
Reload
or
press
Ctrl
+
R
to
make
Synaptic
aware
of
the
latest
updates.
肁
点击刷
新(
Reload
)或者按下
Ctrl
+
R
来使新立得获得最新的软件包信息。
聿
Click
Mark
all
Upgrades
or
press
Ctrl
+
G.
芄
点击工具栏上的标记所有软件包以便升级(
Mark
all
Upgrades
)按钮或者
按下
Ctrl
+
G
。
薄
Click
Apply
on
the
toolbar
or
press
Ctrl
+
P.
A
dialog
appears
with
a
summary
of
the
changes
that
w
ill
be
made
to
your
system.
袈
点击工
具栏上的应用(
Apply
)按钮或者按下
Ctrl
+
P
。
*
这时会出现一个摘要您所作更改的对话框。
膇
Click
Apply
to
confirm
the
changes
and
go
ahead
with
the
upgrade.
蚄
点击应
用(
Apply
)来确认您的更改并继续升级。
莅
Integration
with
Update-Manager
袀
与更新管理器
(Update-
Manager)
的集成
蕿
Synaptic
works
hand-in-hand
with
Update-Manager
to
inform
you
about
updates
to
the
software
installe
d
on
your
system.
If
software
or
security
updates
are
available,
Update-Manager
will
display
a
pop-up
mess
age
and
an
icon
in
the
notification
area
on
your
GNOME
desktop.
To
update
your
system,
click
on
the
notif
ication
icon,
enter
your
password
and
click
OK.
莇
新立得与更新管理器(
Update-Manager
)紧密合作来提示您您系统上安装的软件包的升级。如果有软件或者安全
更新,更新管理器会在您的
GNOME
桌面的通知区域显示一个
图标。要升级您的系统,点击通知区域的图表,输入您的
密码,然後点击
OK
。
螁
You
can
change
the
frequency
of
update
checks
in
the
Software
Preferences
panel.
Choose
Repositori
es
from
the
Settings
menu,
then
click
on
the
Internet
Updates
tab
and
adjust
the
Check
for
updates
entry.
羁
您可以通过软件首选项面板(
Software
Preferences
)改变检查更新的频率。选择设置(
Settings
)菜单下的首选
项(
Preferences
)
,点击
Internet
Updates
(
Internet
Updates
)选项卡,然後调整自动检查更新(
Check
for
updates
)
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