2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析(共三套完整版)

20. What is Martin Neil Baily's prediction about thefinancial situation in the future?

A) Some banks may have to merge with others.

B) Many smaller regional banks are going tofail.

C) It will be hard for banks to provide moreloans.

D) Many banks will have to lay off someemployees.

【详解】

B)

。细节辨认题。讲座中 提到，经济学家

MartinNeilBaily

预测，

2010

年，规

模较小的地区性银行将会面临 高破产率。

21. What does U.S. Bancorp chief Richard Davis say aboutits future operation?

A) It will work closely with the government.

B) It will endeavor to write off bad loans.

C) It will try to lower the interest rate.

D) It will try to provide more loans.

【详解】

D )

。细节推断题。美国合众银行总裁

RichardDavis

对此境遇的态度比专家乐

观，他认为贷款就像发动引擎的煤一样 ，他们会尽可能多地发放贷款。

22. What does Martin Neil Baily think of a second stimulusto the economy?

A) It won't help the American economy to turnaround.

B) It won't do any good to the major commercialbanks.

C) It will win the approval of the Obamaadministration.

D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrinkagain.

【详解】

D)

。细节推断题。讲座临近末尾 时，提到了

Baily

的态度，他认为，如果经济

再次低迷，二度刺激是十分必要的。

As

U.S.

banks

recovered

with

the

help

of

the

Americangovernment

and

the

American

taxpayer, President Obama held meetingswith top bank executives, telling them it's time to return

thefavor.

“The

way

I

see

it—

our

banks

now

have

a

greater

obligation

tothe

goal

of

a

wider

recovery,” he said. But the President may begiving the financial sector too much credit. “It was in

a freefall, and it was a very scary period.” Economist Martin Neil Bailysaid. After the failure of

Lehman

Brothers,

many

of

the

world'slargest

banks

feared

the

worst

as

the

collapse

of

the

housingbubble exposed investments in risky loans.

Although he says the worst is over, Baily says the bankingcrisis is not. More than 130 U.S.

banks

failed

in

2009.

He

predictshigh

failure

rates

for

smaller,

regional

banks

in

2010

asCommercia

l

Real

Estate

loans

come

due.

“So

there

may

actually

be

aworsening

of

credit

availability to small- and medium-

sizedbusinesses in the next year or so.”

Analysts say the biggest problem is high unemployment,which weakens demand and makes

banks reluctant to lend. But p chief Richard Davis sees the situationdifferently.

“We're probably more optimistic than the experts might be.

With that in mind, we're putting

in everything wecan. Lending is the coal to our engine, so we want to make moreloans. We have

to find a way to qualify more people and not putourselves at risk.”

While some economists predict continued recovery in thefuture, Baily says the only certainty

is

that

banks

are

unlikely

tomake

the

same

mistakes

twice.

“You

know,

forecasting's

become

avery

hazardous

business

so

I

don't

want

to

commit

myself

too

much.I

don't

think

we

know

exactly what's going to happen but it'scertainly possible that we could get very slow growth over

the nextyear or two.”

If

the

economy

starts

to

shrink

again,

Baily

says

it

wouldmake

a

strong

case

for

a

second

stimulus

—

something the Obamaadministration hopes will not be necessary.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you havejust heard.

23. According to the speaker, what might be a symptom ofcognitive decline in older adults?

A) Being unable to learn new things.

B) Being rather slow to make changes.

C) Losing temper more and more often.

D) Losing the ability to get on with others.

【详解】

A)

。事实细节题。讲座中 明确指出，认知能力下降是指学习新技能的能力下

降或者记忆单词、名字以及熟悉的面孔 的能力衰退。

24. According to James Burke, what does seem to helpreduce cognitive decline?

A) Cognitive stimulation.

B) Community activity.

C) Balanced diet.

D) Fresh air.

【详解】

A)

。细节辨认 题。

JamesBurke

表示，通过观察性研究发现，

B

族维生素、锻

炼、饮食和认知刺激都对认知 衰退有所抑制。需要特别注意的是，讲座中虽然提到了

diet

，

但这与选项中的

Balanceddiet

< br>不是完全相同的概念，不要混淆。

25. What did James Burke recommend to reduce the incidenceof cognitive decline?

A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.

B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towardslife.

C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.

D) Seeking advice from doctors from time totime.

【详解】

C)

。细节推断题。

JamesBurke

明确提到，不管是从医学角度、营养角度还是< /p>

认知角度，

采纳健康的生活方式都是十分有益的，

换句话说，

他认为人们应该放弃不健康的

生活方式。< /p>

A

new

study

has

failed

to

find

any

conclusive

evidencethat

lifestyle

changes

can

prevent

cognitive decline in olderadults. Still there are good reasons to make positive changes inhow we

live and what we eat as we age.

Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn newskills, or recall words, names, and faces

that

is

most

common

as

weage.

To

reduce

or

avoid

it,

researchers

have

examined

the

effect

ofsmoking, diet, brain-challenging games, exercise and otherstrategies.

Researchers

at

Duke

University

scrutinized

more

than

160published

studies

and

found

an

absence of strong evidence that anyof these approaches can make a big difference.

Co-author Jame

s Burke helped design the study. “In theobservational studies we found that

some of the B vitamins werebeneficial. Exercise, diet, cognitive stimulation showed somepositive

effects,

although

the

evidence

was

not

so

strong

that

wecould

actually

consider

these

firmly

established.”

Some previous studies have suggested that challenging yourbrain with mentally stimulating

activities

might

help.

And

Burkesays

that

actually

does

seem

to

help,

based

on

randomiz edstudies

—

the researcher's gold standard.

“Cognitive st

imulation is one of the areas where we didfind some benefit. The exact type of

stimulation that an individualuses is not as important as being intellectuallyengaged.”

The

expert

review

also

found

insufficient

evidence

torecommend

any

drugs

or

dietary

supplements that could prevent orslow cognitive decline.

However, given that there is at least some evidence forpositive effects from some of these

lifestyle changes, plus otherbenefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline, Burke waswilling to

offer some recommendations.

“I

think

that

by

having

people

adopt

a

healthy

lifestyle,both

from

a

medical

standpoint

as

well

as

nutritional

and

cognitivestimulation

standpoint,

we

can

reduce

the

incidence

of

cognitivedecline, which will be proof that these factors are,

in fact,important.”

James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of astudy reviewing previous research

on cognitive decline. The paperis published online by the Annals of Internal Medicine.

2016.6

六级（二）答案

Section A

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.

1. What seems to have been very successful according tothe woman speaker?

A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.

B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.

C) The man's switch to a new career.

D) The restructuring of her company.

【详解】

。事实细节题。对话开头，女士就问男士是否在

CucinTech

公司里负责革新

项目，

< br>男士回答是的，紧接着女士就向男士表示祝贺，并说这个项目似乎一直很成功，

因 此

答案为

A)

。

2. What did the company lack before the man's scheme wasimplemented?

A) Talented personnel.

B) Strategic innovation.

C) Competitive products.

D) Effective promotion.

【详解】

B)

。推理判断题。女士问男士

Cuc inTech

公司的崛起是否都归功于战略革新，

男士表示他是 这样认为的，并进一步解释说，

在此之前，

该公司与其他公司相 比，

并无出奇

之处，

逐渐被落在了后面 ，公司里不缺人才，

产品开发也不错，而缺乏战略革新才是此前公

司的劣势所在。

3. What does the man say he should do in hisbusiness?

A) Expand the market.

B) Recruit more talents.

C) Innovate constantly.

D) Watch out for his competitors.

C)

。

细节辨认 题。

当被问到该项目的核心是否是革新时，

男士表示这毫无疑问 ，

想要跟上不断变化的世界，公司必须不断革新，一成不变，就会被淘汰。

4. What does the man say is the risk ofinnovation?

A) Possible bankruptcy.

B) Unforeseen difficulties.

C) Conflicts within the company.

D) Imitation by one's competitors.

【详解】

D)

。事实细节题。男士在讲到革新的 风险时，说只要有革新，就会出现被人

模仿的风险。

W: So, Mike, you manage the innovation project atCucinTech.

M: I did indeed.

W: Well, then, first, congratulations. It seems to havebeen very successful.

M: Thanks. Yes, I really help things turn around atCucinTech.

W: Was the revival in their fortunes entirely due tostrategic innovation?

M: Yes, yes,

I think it was. CucinTech was a company whowere very

much following the

pack, doing what everyone else wasdoing and getting rapidly left behind. I could see there was a

lotof talent there, and some great potential, particularly in theirproduct development. I just had to

harness that somehow.

W: Was innovation at the core of the project?

M: Absolutely. If it doesn't sound like too much ofCliché

, our world is constantly changing

and it's changing need to be innovating constantly to keep up with this. Standstill and

you are lost.

W: No stopping to sniff the roses?

M: Well, I'll do that in my personal life. Sure. But as abusiness strategy, I'm afraid there is no

stopping.

M: What exactly is strategic innovation then?

W: Strategic innovation is the process of managinginnovation, of making sure it takes place

at all levels of thecompany, and that is related to the company's overallstrategy.

W: I see.

M:

So,

instead

of

innovation

for

innovation's

sake

and

newproducts

being

created

simply

because

the

technology

is

there,

thecompany

culture

must

switch

from

these

pointing-time

innovations tocontinuous pipeline of innovations from everywhere andeveryone.

W: How did you align strategies throughout thecompany?

M: I soon became aware that campaigning is useless. Peopletake no notice. Simply it came

about

through

good

practicetrickling

down.

This

built

consent.

People

could

see

it

was

thebest

way to work.

W: Does innovation on the skill really give a competitiveadvantage?

M: I am certain of it, absolutely, especially if it'sdifficult for a competitor to copy. The risk is

of course thatinnovation may frequently lead to imitation.

W: But not if it's strategic?

M: Precisely.

W: Thanks for talking to us.

M: Sure.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.

5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A) The job of an interpreter.

B) The stress felt by professionals.

C) The importance of language proficiency.

D) The best way to effective communication.

【详解】

A)

。主旨大意题。对话开头，男士介绍说女士是有着二十年工作经验的一位

口译译员，

接下来，

两人谈论了口译的资格与培 训、

同声传译与交替传译的区别以及女士对

于口译工作的一些感 受，因此可以判定，对话主题围绕口译工作展开。

6. What does the man think of Dayna'sprofession?

A) Promising.

B) Admirable.

C) Rewarding.

D) Meaningful.

【详解】

B)

。观点态度题。男士说他 在当记者时，与口译工作者一同共过事，他认为口

译者十分值得钦佩。

< br>

7. What does Dayna say about the interpreters sheknows?

A) They all have a strong interest in language.

B) They all have professional qualifications.

C) They have all passed language proficiencytests.

D) They have all studied cross-culturaldifferences.

【详解】

B)

。

细节推断题。

< br>男士说很多人认为只要会讲外语，

就能做口译，

但是女士 说，

她所认识的所有译者都有资质，

受过培训，

并且只有经过多年的工作磨炼，

才能真正做到熟

练翻译 。

8. What do most interpreters think of consecutiveinterpreting?

A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.

B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.

C) It is more stressful than simultaneousinterpreting.

D) It puts one's long-term memory under morestress.

【详解】

C)

。细节推断题。当男士表示同声传译似乎更难时，女士表示了不同看法，她

说从事翻译 工作的人员中，

大多数人都认为交替传译更难，

并进一步解释了 为什么他们会有

这种看法。

M:

Today,

my

guest

is

Dayna

Ivanovich

who

has

worked

forthe

last

twenty

years

as

an

interpreter. Dayna, welcome.

W: Thank you.

M: Now, I'd like to begin by saying that I have onoccasions used an interpreter myself as a

foreign correspondent. SoI am full of admiration for what you do, but I think yourprofession is

sometimes underrated, and many people think anyonewho speaks more than one language can do

it.

W:

There

aren't

any

interpreters

I

know

who

don't

haveprofessional

qualifications

and

training. You only really getproficient after many years in the job.

M:

I

may

be

right

in

saying

you

can

divide

what

you

dointo

two

distinct

meth ods

—

simultaneous and consecutiveinterpreting.

W: That's right. The techniques you use are different, anda lot of interpreters will say one is

easier than the other, lessstressful.

M: Simultaneous interpreting, putting someone's words intoanother language more or less as

they speak, sounds to me like themore difficult.

W: Well, actually no. Most people in the business wouldagree that consecutive interpreting is

the more stressful. You haveto wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language beforeyou

then put it into the second language, which puts yourshort-term memory under intense stress.

M: You make notes, I presume.

W: Absolutely, anything like numbers, names, places haveto be noted down. But the rest is

never

translated

word

for

have

to

find a

way

of

summarizing

it,

so

that

the

message

isthere.

Turning

every

single

word

into

the

target

language

would

puttoo

much

strain

on

the

interpreter and slow down the whole processtoo much.

M:

But,

with

simultaneous

interpreting,

you

starttranslating

almost

as

soon

as

the

other

person starts speaking. Youmust have some preparation beforehand.

W:

Well,

hopefully

the

speakers

will

let

you

have

anoutline

of

the

topic

a

day

or

two

in

advance. You havea little time to do research, prepare technical express-ions and soon.

Section B

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you havejust heard.

9. What is the long-held view about mother sleeping withnewborn babies?

A) It might affect mothers' health.

B) It might disturb infants' sleep.

C) It might increase the risk of infants'death.

D) It might increase mothers' mental distress.

【详解】

C)

。 细节辨认题。短文开头就提出，多年以来，母亲们就受到警告，和新生婴

儿同睡一张床会 增加婴儿夜间意外猝死的风险。

10. What do Israeli researchers' findings show?

A) Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder timefalling asleep.

B) Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little moresleep each night.

C) Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect theirnewborn babies' health.

D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negativeimpact on mothers.

【详解】

D)

。细节推断题。短文中明确指出，根据以 色列的研究，只要与婴儿在同一

间屋内休息，不论是不是同睡一张床，都会对母亲的睡眠 产生负面影响。

11. What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendmothers do?

A) Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newbornbabies'.

B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as theirbabies.

C) Sleep in the same house but not in the same room astheir babies.

D) Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infantdeath syndrome.

【详解】

B)

。事实细节题。

短文结尾部分提到，

美国儿科学会建议母亲不要与婴儿睡在

同一张床上，但是要睡在同一 个房间。

Mothers

have

been

warned

for

years

that

sleeping

withtheir

newborn

infant

is

a

bad

idea

because it increases the riskthat the baby might die unexpectedly during the night. But nowIsraeli

researchers are reporting that even sleeping in the sameroom can have negative consequences: not

for the child, but for themother. Mothers who slept in the same room as their infants,whether in

the same bed or just the same room, had poorer sleepthan mothers whose babies slept elsewhere in

the house: They wokeup more frequently, were awake approximately 20 minutes longer pernight,

and had shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep. Theseresults held true even taking into account that

many of the womenin the study were breast-feeding their babies. Infants, on theother hand, didn't

appear to have worse sleep whether they slept inthe same or different room from their mothers.

The researchersacknowledge that since the families they studied were allmiddle-class Israelis, it's

possible the results would be differentin different cultures. Lead author Liat Tikotzky wrote in an

emailthat

the

research

team

also

didn't

measure

fathers'

sleep,

so

it'spossible

that

their

sleep

patterns

could

also

be

causing

the

sleepdisruptions

for

moms.

Right

now,

to

reduce

the

risk

of

suddeninfant death syndrome, the American Academy of Pediatricsrecommends that mothers not

sleep in the same bed as their babiesbut sleep in the same room. The Israeli study suggests that

doingso may be best for the baby, but may take a toll on mom.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you havejust heard.

12. What do we learn from the report?

A) A lot of native languages have already died out in theUS.

B) The US ranks first in the number of endangeredlanguages.

C) The efforts to preserve Indian languages have provedfruitless.

D) More money is needed to record the native languages inthe US.

【详解】

< br>A)

。主旨大意题。短文开头即点明，在美国，已经有三分之一的本土语言消

亡了，而残存的

192

种本土语言也已经被 联合国教科文组织列入

“

危险

”

或

“

濒危

”

行列。

13. For what purpose does Fred Nahwooksy appeal for morefunding?

A) To set up more language schools.

B) To document endangered languages.

C) To educate native American children.

D) To revitalise America's native languages.

【详解】

D)

。细节推断题。美国印第安人博物馆的

FredN ahwooksy

说，需要更多的钱，

来让这些濒危语言重新成 为人们的日常语言，也就是说，需要更多的钱来让这些语言重新

恢复

活力。

14. What is the historical cause of the decline inAmerican Indian languages?

A) The US government's policy of Americanising Indianchildren.

B) The failure of American Indian languages to gain anofficial status.

C) Thy US government's unwillingness to spend moneyeducating Indians.

D) The long-time isolation of American Indians from theoutside world.

【详解】

A)

。事实细节题。短文中明确指出，美国印第安语消亡有其

（历

史根源），

19

世纪的时候美国政府对印第安人推行了一个政策，从孩童时 期开始，对印第

安人进行

“

美国化

”

，使他们远离自己的语言和文化。

15. What does the speaker say about television?

A) It is being utilised to teach nativelanguages.

B) It tells traditional stories during familytime.

C) It speeds up the extinction of nativelanguages.

D) It is widely used in language immersionschools.

【详解】

。细节辨认题。

短文最后说濒危语言面临的另 一个挑战是电视，它把英语带

进了千家万户，剥夺了家人之间讲故事和聊天的时间，加速 了美国本土语言的消亡。

The

US

has

already

lost

more

than

a

third

of

the

nativelanguages

that

existed

before

European

colonization,

and

theremaining

192

are

classed

by

UNESCO

as

ranging

between

“unsafe”

and“extinct”.

“We

need

more

funding

and

more

effortto

return

these

languages

to

everyday use,” says

Fred Nahwooksy ofthe National Museum of the American Indian. “We are

making

progressbut

money

needs

to

be

spent

on

revitalising

languages,

not

justdocumenting

them.” Some 40 languages, mainly

in California andOklahoma, where thousands of Indians were

forced to relocate in the19th Century, have fewer than 10 native speakers. “Part of theissue is that

tribal groups themselves don't always believe theirlanguages are endangered until they're down to

the last handful ofspeakers. But progress is being made through immersion schools,because if you

teach children when they're young it will stay withthem as adults and that's the future,” says Mr.

Nahwooksy, aComanche Indian. Such schools have become a model in Hawaii. Butthe islanders'

local language is still classed by UNESCO as“critically endangered” because only 1,000 people

speak it. Thedecline in American Indian languages has historical roots: In themid-19th Century,

the

US

government

adopted

a

policy

ofAmericanizing

Indian

children

by

removing

them

from

their homes andculture. Within a few generations most had forgotten their nativetongues. Another

challenge

to

language

survival

is

television.

Ithas

brought

English

into

homes

and

pushed

out

traditionalstory-telling and family time together, accelerating the extinctionof native languages.

Section C

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you havejust heard.

16. How does unemployment insurance help theunemployed?

A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages whilethey look for work.

B) It covers their mortgage payments and medical expensesfor 99 weeks.

C) It pays their living expenses until they findemployment again.

D) It provides them with the basic necessities of everydaylife.

【详解】

A)

< br>。细节辨认题。讲座中明确指出，人们失业时可以获得失业保险，在寻找

工作期间 ，可以拿到相当于最后一份工资的

50%

的收入。

17. What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the BucksCounty CareerLink doing?

A) Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployedworkers.

B) Providing training and guidance for unemployedworkers.

C) Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemploymentbenefits.

D) Raising funds to help those having no unemploymentinsurance.

【详解】

B)

。细节辨认题。讲座中明确指出 ，巴克士郡的

CareerLink

为失业工人提供

18. What does Pennsylvania State Representative ScottPetri say is the best way to help the

long-termunemployed?

A) To offer them loans they need to start their ownbusinesses.

B) To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgagepayments.

C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investmentsin local companies.

D) To encourage big businesses to hire back workers withgovernment subsidies.

【详解】

C)

。细节推断题。讲座中提到，宾夕法尼亚州代表< /p>

ScottPetri

认为，帮助长期

失 业者的最好的办法就是让普通公民投资当地公司，以此创造出更多的就业机会。

Greg Rosen lost his job as a sales manager nearly threeyears ago and is still unemployed.“It

literally is like somethingin a dream, to remember what it's like to actually be able to goout, and

put in a day's work and receive a day's pay.”

At first, Rosen bought groceries and made house paymentswith the help from unemployment

insurance.

It

pays

laid

off

workersup

to

half

of

their

previous

wages

while

they

look

for

work.

Butnow, that insurance has run out for him, and he has to make toughchoices. He's cut back on

medications and he no longer helpssupport his disabled mother.

It

is a devastating experience. New research says the ion is now over, but many

people remain unemployed. Andunemployed workers face difficult odds.

There is literally only one job opening for every fiveunemployed workers, so four out of five

unemployed workers haveactually no chance of finding a new job.

Businesses have downsized or shut down across America,leaving fewer job opportunities for

those

in

search

of

s

who

monitor

unemployment

statistics

here

in

Bucks

County,Pennsylvania, say about 28,000 people are unemployed, and many ofthem are jobless due

to no fault of their own.

That's

where

the

Bucks

County

CareerLink

comes

in.

Localdirector

Elizabeth

Walsh

says

they provide training and guidance tohelp unemployed workers find local job opportunities.

“So here's the job opening, here's the job seeker, matchthem together under one roof,” she

says.

But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County limitshow much she can help.

Rosen says he hopes Congress will take action. This monthhe launched the 99ers Union, an

umbrella

organization

of

18Internet-based

grass

roots

groups

of 99ers. Their

goal

is

toconvince

lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.

But

Pennsylvania

State

Representative

Scott

Petri

saysgovernments

simply

do

not

have

enough money to extend unemploymentinsurance. He thinks the best way to help the long-term

unemployedis to allow private citizens to invest in local companies that cancreate more jobs. But

the boost in investor confidence needed forthe plan to work will take time

—

time that Rosen says

still requireshim to buy food and make monthly mortgage payments.

Rosen says he'll use the last of his savings to try tohang onto the home he worked for more

than 20 years to buy. Butonce that money is gone, he says he doesn't know what he'lldo.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you havejust heard.

19. What did Pen Hadow and his team do in the ArcticOcean?

A) They measured the depths of sea water.

B) They analyzed the water content.

C) They explored the ocean floor.

D) They investigated the ice.

【详解】

D)

。细节辨认题。讲座一开头就 说，英国研究团队在北冰洋长途跋涉了三个

月，测量并记录冰层状况。

< br>

20. What does the report say about the Arcticregion?

A) Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summertime.

B) Most of the ice was accumulated over the pastcenturies.

C) The ice ensures the survival of many endangeredspecies.

D) The ice decrease is more evident than previouslythought.

【详解】

D)

。细节推断题。讲座中说在过去几年时间里，卫星观察和海洋观察都能证

明极地地区冰层的减少，

而最近的测量进一步证明，

冰层的减 少程度比之前更加明显，

原文

中的

pr onounced

与

D

）选项中的

evident

是同义转换。

21. What does Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams say in hisstudy?

A) Arctic ice is a major source of the world's freshwater.

B) The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastalcities.

C) The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.

D) Arctic ice is essential to human survival.

【详解 】

C)

。细节辨认题。讲座中提到，

P eterWadhams

认为，冰层的减少是不可逆的。

22. How does Peter Wadhams view climate change?

A) It will do a lot of harm to mankind.

B) There is no easy way to understand it.

C) It will advance nuclear technology.

D) There is no easy technological solution toit.

【详解】

D)

。细节辨认题。讲座结尾部分提到，

Wadha ms

认为，对于气候变化来说，

不可能轻易找到一种技术上的解 决方案，

原文中的

fix

与

）

选项中的

solut ion

是同义转述。

Earlier this year, British explorer Pen Hadow and his teamtrekked for three months across the

frozen Arctic Ocean, takingmeasurements and recording observations about the ice.

“Well,

we'd

been

led

to

believe

that

we

would

enco

unter

agood

proportion,

of

this

older,

thicker,

technically

multi-year

icethat's

been

around

for

a

few

years

and

just

gets

thicker

andthicker. We actually found there wasn't any multi-

year ice atall.”

Satellite observations and submarine surveys over the pastfew years had shown less ice in the

polar

region,

but

the

recentmeasurements

show

the

loss

is

more

pronounced

than

previouslythought.

“We're

looking

at

roughly

80

percent

loss

of

ice

cover

onthe

Arctic

Ocean

in

10

years,

roughly 10 years, and 100 percen

tloss in nearly 20 years.”

Cambridge

scientist

Peter Wadhams

who's

been

measuring

andmonitoring

the

Arctic

since

1971 says the decline isirreversible.

“The more you lose, the more open water is created, themore warming goes on in that open

water

during

the

summer,

the

lessice

forms

in

the

winter,

the

more

melt

there

is

the

followingsummer. It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends upaccelerating until it's

all gone.”

Martin

Sommerkorn

runs

the

Arctic

program

for

theenvironmental

charity

the

World

Wildlife Fund.

“The Arctic sea ice holds a central position in theEarth's climate system and it's deteriorating

faster than ly it has to translate into more urgency to deal with theclimate change

problem and reduce emissions.”

Summerkorn

says

a

plan

to

reduce

greenhouse

gas

emissionsblamed

for

global

warming

needs to come out of the Copenhagenclimate change summit in December.

“We have to basically achieve there the commitment to dealwith the problem now. That's the

minimum.

We

have

to

do

thatequitably

and

we

have

to

find

a

commitment

that

is

quick.”Wadhamsechoes the need for urgency.

“The carbon that we've put into the atmosphere keepshaving a warming effect for 100 years,

so we have to cut backrapidly now, because it will take a long time to work its waythrough into a

response by the atmosphere. We can't switch offglobal warming just by being good in the future.

We have to startbeing good now.”

Wadhams says there is no easy technological fix to climatechange. He and other scientists

say

there

are

basically

two

optionsto

replacing

fossil

fuels,

generating

energy

with

renewables,

orembracing nuclear power.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you havejust heard.

23. What is the new study about?

A) The reason why New Zealand children seem to have betterself-control.

B) The relation between children's self-control and theirfuture success.

C) The health problems of children raised by a singleparent.

D) The deciding factor in children's academicperformance.

【详解】

B)< /p>

。推理判断题。讲座开头提到，一项最新研究发现，自制力弱的孩子成年后

在健康、

金钱和遵纪守法方面的表现都会比较差一些，

接下来，

讲座主要讲了孩子的自制力

与未来成功的关系。

24. What does the study seem to show?

A) Children raised by single parents will have a hard timein their thirties.

B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from singleparent families.

C) Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front oftheir children.

D) Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage fortheir children.

【详解】

D)

。 推理判断题。讲座中提到，研究中发现，自制力弱的孩子很有可能来自

单亲家庭，

家长健康状况不佳，

吸毒现象严重，这种氛围对孩子的影响非常糟糕。

上一代缺

乏自控也会对下一代造成负面影响。

< br>

25. What does Moffitt say is the good news from theirstudy?

A) Self- control can be improved througheducation.

B) Self-control can improve one's financialsituation.

C) Self-control problems may be detected early inchildren.

D) Self-control problems will diminish as one growsup.

【详解】

A)

。细节推断题。讲座临近结束时提到了关于自制力的一个好消息，那就是

自制 力是可以通过教育来提升的，家长、学校都可以教导孩子以提高他们的自制力。

From a very early age, some children exhibit betterself-control than others. Now, a new study

that began with about1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child's lowself-control can

predict

poor health,

money

troubles

and

even

acriminal

record

in

their

adult

years.

Researchers

have beenstudying this group of children for decades now. Some of theirearliest observations have

to

do

with

the

level

of

self-control

theyoungsters

displayed.

Parents,

teachers,

even

the

kids

themselves,score

the

youngsters

on

measures

like

“acting

before

thinking”

and“persistence

in

reaching goals”. The children of the study are nowadults in their thirties. Terry Moffitt of Duke

University and herresearch colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tendedto grow up to

become adults with far more troubling set of issuesto deal with.

“The children who had the lowest self

-control when theywere aged 3 to 10, later on had the

most health problems in theirthirties and they had the worst financial situation and they weremore

likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child asa single parent on a very low income.”

Speaking

from

New

Zealand

via

Skype,

Moffitt

explainedthat

self-control

problems

were

widely observed and weren't just afeature of a small group of misbehaving kids.

“Even the children who had above

-average self-control aspreschoolers could have benefited

from

more

self- control

could

have

improved

their

financial

situation

and

theirphysical and mental health situation thirty yearslater.”

So,

children

with

minor

self-control

problems

were

likelyas

adults

to

have

minor

health

problems,

and

so

on.

Moffitt

saidit's

still

unclear

why

some

children

have

better

self- control

thanothers, though she says other researchers have found that it'smostly a learned behavior, with

relatively little geneticinfluence. But good self-control can be set to run in families inthat children

who have good self-control are more likely to grow upto be healthy and prosperous parents.

“Whereas

some

of

the

low

self

-control

study

members

aremore

likely

to

be

single

parents

with

a

very

low

income

and

theparent

is

in

poor

health

and

likely

to

be

a

heavy

substance

that's not a good atmosphere for a child. So it looks as thoughself-control is something

that

in

one

generation

can

disadvantagethe

next

generation.”

But

the

good

news

is

that

Moffitt

saysself-control

can

be

taught

by

parents,

and

through

school

curriculathat

have

proved

to

be

effective.

Terry

Moffitt's

paper

on

“The

Link

Between

ChildhoodSelf

-control

and

Adults'

Status

Decades Later” is published in theproceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

阅读

第一套

Section A

为了在阅读中使备选词一目了然，我们首先对备选词进行分类：

名词

F)entrance

（进入；< /p>

入口）

H)existence

（存在）

K)occupation

（工作，

职 业）

L)promises

（承诺，诺言）

M)recession

（萧条，衰退）动词

C)capt uring

（俘虏；捕捉）

E

）

emphasizing

（强调，着重）

L) promises

（许诺，答应）

O)undertakes< /p>

（着手做）形容词

B)beneficial

（有

利的，有帮助的）

D)confused

（困惑的）

G)excited

（兴奋地，激动的）

J)intolerant

（不能忍

受 的）

副词

A)automatically

（自动地，

必然）

I

）