-
智能家居定位系统中英文对照外文翻译文献
智能家居定位系统中英文对照外文翻译文献
(
文档含英文原文和中文翻译
)
A Pyroelectric
Infrared Sensor-based Indoor
Location-
Aware System for the Smart Home
Suk
Lee,
Member
, IEEE, Kyoung
Nam Ha, Kyung Chang Lee,
Member
,
IEEE
Abstract
—
Smart
home
is
expected
to
offer
various
intelligent
services by recognizing residents along
with their life style and feelings.
One
of the key issues for realizing the smart home is
how to detect the
locations
of
residents.
Currently,
the
research
effort
is
focused
on
two
approaches:
terminal-based
and
non-terminal-based
methods.
The
terminal -based method
employs a type of device that should be carried
智能家居定位系统中英文对照外文翻译文献
by
the
resident
while
the
non-
terminal-based
method
requires
no
such
device. This paper presents a novel
non-terminal-based approach using an
array
of
pyroelectric
infrared
sensors
(PIR
sensors)
that
can
detect
residents. The
feasibility of the system is evaluated
experimentally on a
test
bed
.
Index
Terms
—
smart
home, location-based service, pyroelectric
infrared sensor (PIR sensor), location-
recognition algorithm
I. INTRODUCTION
There
is
a
growing
interest
in
smart
home
as
a
way
to
offer
a
convenient,
comfortable,
and
safe
residential
environment
[1],
[2].
In
general, the smart home aims to offer
appropriate intelligent services to
actively assist in the
re
sident’s life such as housework,
amusement, rest,
and
sleep.
Hence,
in
order
to
enhance
the
resident’s
convenience
and
safety,
devices
such
as
home
appliances,
multimedia
appliances,
and
i
n
t
e
r
n
e<
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t
a
p
p
l
i
a
n
c
e
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
v
i
a
a
home network system, as
shown in Fig. 1, and they should be controlled
or monitored remotely using a
television (TV) or personal digital assistant
(PDA) [3], [4].
智能家居定位系统中英文对照外文翻译文献
Fig. 1.
Architecture of the home network system
for smart home
Especially, attention
has been focused on location-based services as a
way
to
offer
high-quality
intelligent
services,
while
considering
human
factors such as pattern of living,
health, and feelings of a resident [5]-[7].
That is, if the smart home can
recognize the resident’s pattern of living or
health
,
then home
appliances
should be
able
to
anticipate
the resident’s
needs and offer appropriate intelligent
service more actively. For example,
in
a
passive
service
environment,
the
resident
controls
the
operation
of
the HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air
conditioning) system, while the
smart
home
would
control
the
temperature
and
humidity
of
a
room
according
to
the
resident’s
condition.
Various
indoor
location
-aware
systems have been developed to
recognize the resident’s location in the
smart
home
or
smart
office.
In
general,
indoor
location-aware
systems
have
been
classified
into
three
types
according
to
the
measurement
智能家居定位系统中英文对照外文翻译文献
technology: triangulation, scene
analysis, and proximity methods [8]. The
triangulation method uses multiple
distances from multiple known points.
Examples include Active Badges [9],
Active Bats [10], and Easy Living
[11],
which use
infrared sensors,
ultrasonic
sensors,
and vision
sensors,
respectively.
The
scene
analysis
method
examines
a
view
from
a
particular
vantage
point.
Representative
examples
of
the
scene
analysis
method
are
MotionStar
[12],
which
uses
a
DC
magnetic
tracker,
and
RADAR
[13],
which
uses
IEEE
802.11
wireless
local
area
network
(LAN). Finally, the proximity method
measures nearness to a known set
of
points.
An
example
of
the
proximity
method
is
Smart
Floor
[14],
w
h
i
c
h
u
s
e
s
<
/p>
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
.
Alternatively,
indoor
location-aware
systems
can
be
classified
according to the need for a terminal
that should be carried by the resident.
Terminal-based
methods,
such
as
Active
Bats,
do
not
recognize
the
resident’s location directly, but
perceive the location of a device carried
by
the
resident,
such
as
an
infrared
transceiver
or
radio
frequency
identification
(RFID)
tag.
Therefore,
it
is
impossible
to
recognize
the
resident’s
location
if
he
or
she
is
not
carrying
the
device.
In
contrast,
non-terminal
methods such as Easy Living and Smart Floor can
find the
resident’s
location
without
such
devices.
However,
Easy
Living
can
be
regarded
to
invade
the
resident’s
privacy
while
the
Smart
Flo
or
has
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
w
i<
/p>
t
h
e
x
t
e
n
d
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
m
a
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e.
智能家居定位系统中英文对照外文翻译文献
This
paper
presents
a
non-
terminal
based
location-
aware
system
that
uses an array of pyroelectric infrared
(PIR) sensors [15], [16]. The PIR
sensors on the ceiling detect the
presence of a resident and are laid out so
that
detection
areas
of
adjacent
sensors
overlap.
By
combining
the
outputs
of
multiple
PIR
sensors,
the
system
is
able
to
locate
a
resident
with a reasonable
degree of accuracy. This system has inherent
advantage
o
f
n
o
n
-
t
e
r
m
< br>i
n
a
l
b
a
s
e
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
w
h
i
l
e
avoiding
privacy
and
extendibility,
maintenance
issues.
In
order
to
demonstrate its efficacy,
an experimental test bed has been constructed,
and the proposed system has been
evaluated experimentally under various
experimental
conditions.
This
paper
is
organized
into
four
sections,
including this introduction. Section II
presents the architecture of the PIR
sensor-based
indoor
location-aware
system
(PILAS),
and
the
location-recognition algorithm. Section
III describes a resident-detection
method using PIR sensors, and evaluates
the performance of the system
under
various
conditions
using
an
experimental
test
bed.
Finally,
a <
/p>
s
u
m
m
a
r
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
conclusions are presented in Section
IV.
II. ARCHITECTURE OF THE PIR SENSOR-
BASED
INDOOR
LOCATION-AWARE
SYSTEM
智能家居定位系统中英文对照外文翻译文献
A. Framework of the smart home
Given
the
indoor
environment
of
the
smart
home,
an
indoor
location-aware system must satisfy the
following requirements. First, the
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
-
a
w
a
r
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
<
/p>
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
a
t
a
relatively low cost because many
sensors have to be installed in rooms of
different
sizes
to
detect
the
resident
in
the
smart
home.
Second,
sensor
installation must be flexible because
the shape of each room is different
and
there
are
obstacles
such
as
home
appliances
and
furniture,
which
prevent the normal
operation of sensors. The third requirement is
that the
sensors
for
the
location-aware
system
have
to
be
robust
to
noise,
and
should
not
be
affected
by
their
surroundings.
This
is because
the
smart
home can make use of
various wireless communication methods such as
wireless
LAN
or
radio-frequency
(RF)
systems,
which
produce
electromagnetic
noise,
or
there
may
be
significant
changes
in
light
or
temperature
that
can
affect
sensor
performance.
Finally,
it
is
desirable
that the system’s accuracy is
adju
stable according to room types.
Among
many
systems
that
satisfy
the
requirement,
the
PIR
sensor-based
system
has
not
attracted
much
attention
even
though
the
system
has several advantages. The PIR sensors,which have
been used to
turn on a light when it
detects human movement, are less expensive than
many other sensors. In addition,
because PIR sensors detect the infrared
wavelengthemitted
from
humans
between
9.4~10.4
μm,
they
are