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ants05


TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)


-GRADE EIGHT-



TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN


PART I










LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)


SECTION A







MINI-LECTURE


In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important


points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the


lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on


ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.


Paralinguistic Features of Language


In


face


to


face


communication


speakers


often


alter


their


tones


of


voices


or


change


their


physical


posture


in


order


to


convey


messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.


First category: vocal paralinguistic features


(1)_____: to express attitude or intention examples




















































(1)_______






1. whispering: need for secrecy






2. breathiness: deep emotion






3. (2)_______: unimportance


































































(2)_______






4. nasality: anxiety







5. extra lip- rounding: greater intimacy


Second category: physical paralinguistic features


A. facial expressions


(3)____________















































































(3)_______







smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome less common expressions







eyebrow raising: surprise or interest







lip biting: (4)_________________



























































(4)_______


B. gesture


Gestures are related to culture.



British culture







shrugging shoulders: (5)_______




























































(5)_______







scratching head: puzzlement other cultures







placing hand upon heart: (6)_______

























































(6)_______







pointing at nose: secret


C. proximity, posture and echoing







1. proximity: physical distance between speakers









closeness: intimacy or threat










(7)_______: formality or absence of interest


















































(7)_______






Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)_______ -specific.













































(8)_______






2. posture









hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate (9)_______




































(9)_______









direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude







3. echoing









definition: imitation of similar posture









(1)_______: aid in communication

























































(10)_______


SECTION B







INTERVIEW


In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the


correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.



Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the


following five questions. Now listen to the interview.


1. According to Dr. Johnson, diversity means _______.


A. merging of different cultural identities






B. more emphasis on homogeneity



C. embracing of more ethnic differences







D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity


2. According to the interview, which of the following statements is CORRECT?


A. Some places are more diverse than others.



B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.



C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.










D. America is a truly diverse country.


3. According to Dr. Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?


A. Maine.





B. Selinsgrove.





C. Philadelphia.





D. California.


4. During the interview Dr. Johnson indicates that _______.


A. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations



B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse



C. age diversity could lead to pension problems














D. older populations are more racially diverse


5. According to the interview, religious diversity _______.


A. was most evident between 1990 and 2000






B. exists among Muslim immigrants




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C. is restricted to certain places in the US









D. is spreading to more parts of the country


SECTION C









NEWS BROADCAST


In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the


correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.


Questions 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the


listen to the news.


6. What is the main idea of the news item?


A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.






B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.


C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.



D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.


Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the


listen to the news.


7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government's measure to control inflation?


A. Foreign investment.



B. Donor support.




C. Price control.




D. Bank prediction.


8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?


A. 20 million percent.




B. 2.2 million percent.




C. 11.2 million percent.




D. Over 11.2 million percent.


Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the


question. Now listen to the news.



9. Which of the following is CORRECT?



A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.











B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.


C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.




D. A big fire took place on two floors.


10. The likely cause of the big fire is _______ .


A. electrical short-circuit




B. lack of fire-safety measures




C. terrorism





D. not known



PART II READING







COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)


In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice the passages and then


mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.


TEXT A





We had been wanting to expand our children's horizons by taking them to a place that was unlike anything we'd been exposed


to during our travels in Europe and the United States. In thinking about what was possible from Geneva, where we are based, we


decided on a trip to Istanbul, a two-hour plane ride from Zurich.


Among the great cities of the world, Kolkata (formerly spelt as Calcutta), the capital of India's West Bengal, and the home of


nearly 15 million people, is often mentioned as the only one that still has a large fleet of hand-pulled rickshaws.





Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. It's the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws



not the poor


but


people


who


are


just


a


notch


above


the


poor.


They


are


people


who


tend


to


travel


short


distances,


through


lanes


that


are


sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a


rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home.


People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafes or corner stores send rickshaws to collect


their supplies. The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are school children. Middle-class families contract with a


puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.





From


June


to


September


Kolkata


can


get


torrential


rains.


During


my


stay


it


once


rained


for


about


48


hours.


Entire


neighborhoods couldn't be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through


water that was up to the pullers' waists. When it's raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does


the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me,





While


I


was


in


Kolkata,


a


magazine


called


India


Today


published


its


annual


ranking


of


Indian


states,


according


to


such


measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India's 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the


past five years. Bihar, a few hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in


Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera



a combination of garage and repair shop and dormitory


managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $$2.50) a month, which


sounds like a pretty good deal until you've visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have


to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing


a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in


income, doing better than only the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in


Bihar.





There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they


are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their


station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not


enthusiastic


about


banning


rickshaws.


The


editor


of


the


editorial


pages


of


Kolkata's


Telegraph




Rudrangshu


Mukherjee,


a


former academic who still writes history books



told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down


on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road.


question


whether


we


have


the


right


to


take


away


their


livelihood.


Rickshaw


supporters


point


out


that


when


it


comes


to


demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.





When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government's plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine



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interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head



a gesture I interpreted to mean,


such


a


question,


I


will


answer


it,


but


it


is


not


worth


wasting


words


on.


Some


rickshaw


pullers


I


met


were


resigned


to


the


imminent end of their livelihood and pinned their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don't


have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata's sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of


the


modernization drive, still


clog


the


sidewalks,


selling absolutely


everything




or, as


I


found


during


the 48


hours of


rain,


absolutely everything but umbrellas.


shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.





But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of


World


Bank


traffic


consultants


and


California


investment


delegations




or


that


they


will


be


allowed


to


die


out


naturally


as


they're supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to


say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as


1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or


social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up


something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me,


go.


be rehabilitated.


















11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following purposes EXCEPT _______.


A. taking foreign tourists around the city.




B. providing transport to school children.



C. carrying store supplies and purchases.




D. carrying people over short distances.


12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?


A. They come from a relatively poor area.










B. They are provided with decent accommodation.



C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.




D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.


13. That


even so, _______.


A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.






B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.



C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.




D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.


14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people _______.


A. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.












B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.



C. call for humanitarian actions for rickshaw pullers.




D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.


15. Which of the following statements conveys the author's sense of humour?


A.



not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.



B.


h sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.



C. Kolkata, a resident told me,



D.


16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest _______.


A. the uncertainty of the court's decision.






B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.



C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.




D. the slowness in processing options.


TEXT B





Depending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public


Radio) or five years (according to some customer-loyalty experts).





The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions,


lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers (people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor


suckers, mostly.





Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy


lite


disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jet-way.





At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $$52 Gold Flash


Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from


Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.





Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially


when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada




get this







Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters


waiting


to


buy


iPhones


offered


to


sell


their


spots


in


the


lines.


On


Craigslist,


prospective


iPhone


purchasers


offered


to


pay






Inevitably,


some


semi-populist


politicians


have


seen


the


value


of


sort-of


waiting


in


lines


with


the


ordinary


people.


This


summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his


office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg


often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a



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station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.





As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers


have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to


cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants





Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at


the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.





But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly


boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.





How


civil


was


your


last


flight?


Southwest


Airlines


has


first-come,


first-served


festival


seating.


But


for


$$5


per


flight,


an


unaffiliated


company


called



will


secure


you


a


coveted



boarding


pass


when


that


airline


opens


for


online


check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.





Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former


Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.





And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and


Very Impatient Persons, who do



unhappily.





For those of us in the latter group



consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder



what


do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot:


17. What does the following sentence mean?


province of suckers ... Poor suckers, mostly.


A. Lines are symbolic of America's democracy.



B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.



C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.




D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.


18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?


A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.




B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.



C. First-class passenger status at airports.













D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.



19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen) _______.


A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.



B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.



C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.







D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.


20. What is the tone of the passage?


A. Instructive.



B. Humorous.



C. Serious.



D. Teasing.


TEXT C





A bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with


green and crimson fire, he found the café


of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned Babylonian, a white palace with


ten thousand lights. It towered above the older buildings like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a


new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless


profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind


the ten thousand lights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and


cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of


stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farthing, who knew how many


units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress (five feet four in


height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen lift to the table in the far corner. In short,


there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such was the


gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury.


Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such


luxury. The place was built for him.





It


was


built


for a


great many


other


people


too,


and,


as


usual,


they


were


all


there.


It


steamed


with humanity.


The


marble


entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of


the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging


to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all,


climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, where an orchestra led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering


lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls. The door was swung open for him by a page;


there


burst,


like


a


sugary


bomb,


the


clatter


of


cups,


the


shrill


chatter


of


white- and-vermilion


girls,


and,


cleaving


the


golden,


scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, a sleek


grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially:


sir? This way, please.


21. That


A. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.



B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café


.



C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.



D. the cafe was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.


22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea- shop EXCEPT _______.


A.



B.



C.



D.


23. In its context the statement that


was intended to _______.



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A. please simple people in a simple way.



B. exploit gullible people like him.



C. satisfy a demand that already existed.




D. provide relaxation for tired young men.


24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?


A. The café


appealed to most senses simultaneously.




B. The café


was both full of people and full of warmth.



C. The inside of the café


was contrasted with the weather outside.



D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café


owners.


25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that _______.


A. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.




B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.



C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.



D. the interior of the café


is compared to warm countries.


26. The author's attitude to the café


is _______.


A. fundamentally critical.



B. slightly admiring.



C. quite undecided.



D. completely neutral.


TEXT D





Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as Western Europe's last pristine wilderness.


But


the


environmental


awareness


that


is


sweeping


the


world


had


bypassed


the


majority


of


Icelanders.


Certainly


they


were


connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can't do anything about. But


the truth is, once you're off the beaten paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they're all


bad, so Iceland's natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhabitants. For them the land has always


just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited



the mind-set being one of land as commodity


rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the





When


the


opportunity


arose


in


2003


for


the


national


power


company


to


enter


into


a


40-year


contract


with


the


American


aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter (


冶炼厂


), those who had been dreaming of something


like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world's richest countries, with


a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the project's advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more


emotionally attuned to the country's century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially


ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little


more than a hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting


and destroying all vegetation and livestock, all spirit



a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one's sheep and,


later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.





Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions



the remote and sparsely populated east




where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early


1980s to protect fish stocks, many individual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly


in the hands of a few companies and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more


jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing everything they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless


and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived,


wisely or not, as a last chance.





The contract with Alcoa would infuse the region with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin- off service industries. It


also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy


historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once


and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.






region, was a driving force behind the project.


27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of _______.


A. environmental value.



B. commercial value.



C. potential value for tourism.



D. great value for livelihood.


28. What is Iceland’s old


-aged advocates' feeling towards the Alcoa project?


A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.






B. The project would lower life expectancy.



C. The project would cause environmental problems.



D. The project symbolizes an end to the colonial legacies.


29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT _______.


A. fewer fishing companies.



B. fewer jobs available.



C. migration of young people.



D. imposition of fishing quotas.


30. The 4th paragraph in the passage ________.


A. sums up the main points of the passage.










B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.



C. elaborates on the last part of the 3rd paragraph.




D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.



PART














GENERAL KNOWLEDGE



10 MIN




There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answers to each question. Mark your answers on your


colored answer sheet.


31. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?


A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.



B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.


C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.


D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.


32. The first city ever founded in Canada is _______.



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A. Quebec




B. Vancouver




C. Toronto




D. Montreal



33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?


A. 1770.





B. 1788.





C. 1900.





D. 1901.


34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was issued by _______.


A. Abraham Lincoln




B. Thomas Paine




C. George Washington




D. Thomas Jefferson



35. _______ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems.


A. William Blake




B. W.B. Yeats




C. Robert Browning




D. William Wordsworth


36. The Financier is written by _______.


A. Mark Twain




B. Henry James




C. William Faulkner




D. Theodore Dreiser



37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as _______.


A. allegory





B. sonnet





C. blank verse





D. rhyme



38. _______ refers to the learning and development of a language.


A. Language acquisition




B. Language comprehension




C. Language production




D. Language instruction


39. The word


A. backformation




B. conversion




C. blending




D. acronym


40. Language is a tool of communication. The symbol


A. an expressive function



B. an informative function



C. a performative function



D. a persuasive function


PART IV











PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION



(15 MIN)


The


passage


contains


TEN


errors.


Each


indicated


line


contains


a


maximum


of


ONE


error


.


In


each


case,


only


ONE


word


is


involved You should proof, read the passage and correct it in the following way:


For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank pro- vided at the end of the line.


For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a


blank provided at the end of the line.


For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash


line.


EXAMPLE


When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit,
























(1)________


it never buys things in finished form and hangs



















(2)________


them on the wall. When a natural history museum


wants an exhibition, it must often build it.























(3)________


So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally


complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that


is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other















(1)________


to say the things their speakers want to say.




























(2)________


There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive











(3)________


peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not


all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics


or psychology or the cultivation of rice. Whereas this is not















(4)________


the fault of their language. The Eskimos, it is said, can speak


about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we














(5)________


can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language


(one of those sometimes miscalled


more precise and subtle than English. This example does


not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected















(6)________



the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments.
















(7)________


The English language will be just as rich in terms for




















(8)________


different kinds of snow if the environments in which English


was habitually used made such distinction as important.

















(9)________



Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo


language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of


motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part














(10)________


of the Eskimos' life.



PART V








TRANSLATION (60 MIN)


SECTION A






CHINESE TO ENGLISH


Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.


朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的,容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。 朋友之间,情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则


交;反之,则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉、再亲 密,也不能随便过头、不恭不敬。不然,默契和平衡将被打破,友好关


系将不复存在。每 个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间,朋友之间过于随便,就容易侵入这片禁区,从而引起冲突,造成隔


阂。


待友不敬,


或许只是件小事,

< br>却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。


维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节,


互不干涉。








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SECTION B







ENGLISH TO CHINESE


Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.


I thought that it was a Sunday


morning in May, that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning. I was


standing at the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation,


but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at


their


feet;


but


the


mountains


were


raised


to


more


than


Alpine


height,


and


there


was


interspace


far


larger


between


them


of


meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green


churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had


tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.



PART VI







WRITING (45 MIN)


Recently


newspapers


have


reported


that


officials


in


a


little-known


mountainous


area


near


Guiyang,


Guizhou


Province


wanted to turn the area into a


new


look.


The


design


company


came


up


with


a


blueprint


for


unconventional,


super-futuristic


buildings.


This


triggered


off


different


responses.


Some


appreciated


the


bold


innovation


of


the


design,


but


others


held


that


it


failed


to


reflect


regional


characteristics or local cultural heritage. What is your view on this?



Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.



In


the


first part of


your


essay


you


should


state


clearly


your


main argument,


and


in


the


second


part


you


should


support


your


argument


with appropriate details.


In


the


last part


you


should bring


what


you


have


written


to a natural


conclusion or make a


summary.


Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may


result in a loss of your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.




7


2009-2010

< p>
年专业八级


(TEM8)


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ants05


TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2009)-GRADE EIGHT-2009


年英语专业八级参考答案



Part I



Listening Comprehension



Section A


Mini-lecture



of voice



ess



universal signal



t or uncertainty erence y ce ion /unhappiness ciously same posture


SECTION B


INTERVIEW 1-5 CADAC





SECTION C


NEWS BROADCAST



6-10 BCADA


PART II



Reading Comprehension



11-15 ACBAD



16-20 CCADB



21-25 ADBBC



26-30 ADDAC


PART III



General Knowledge




31-35DADAC



36-40 DAACB


PART VI



Proofreading & Error Correction





后加


as




改为


its




改为


It




s


改为


But


r


改为


much




改为


bring



r


改为


different



改为


would




9.


去掉


as important



as



10.


去掉


the past



the


Part V Translation



Section A


Chinese To English


Friends


tend


to


become


more


intimated


if


they


have


the


same


interests


and


temper,


they


can


get


along


well


and


keep


contacting; otherwise they will separate and end the relationship. Friends who are more familiar and closer can not be too casual


and show no respect. Otherwise the harmony and balance will be broken, and the friendship will also be nonexistent any more.


Everyone hopes to have his own private space, and if too casual among friends, it is easy to invade this piece of restricted areas,


which will lead to the conflict, resulting in alienation. It may be a small matter to be rude to friends; however, it is likely to plant


the devastating seeds. The best way to keep the close relationship between friends is to keep contacts with restraint, and do not


bother each other.


Section B








English to Chinese




我想那是五月的 一个周日的早晨;那天是复活节,一个大清早上。我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前展现出了


那么一番景色,


从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底,


可是 梦里的感觉往往如此,


由于梦幻的力量,


这番景象显得超凡出尘 ,


一派肃穆气象。


群山形状相同,


其山 脚下都有着同样可爱的山谷;


不过群山挺然参天,


高于阿尔卑斯 峰,


诸山相距空旷,


丰草如茵,林地开阔,错落其间;



树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥望;远近看不见任何生物,唯有苍翠的教堂庭院 里,牛群静


静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息,


好几头围绕着 一个小孩的坟墓。


我曾对她一腔柔情,


那年夏天是在旭日东升的 前


一刻,那孩子死去了,我如同当年那样望着牛群。



PART VI






Writing















Respecting Local Characteristics


Recently


a


heated


debate


was


triggered


off


by


the


report


that


a


little-known


mountainous


area


near


Guiyang,


Guizhou


Province


plans


to


turn


itself


into


a


central


business


district


with


unconventional,


super- futuristic


buildings,


never


paying


appropriate attention to its local characteristics. Some people appreciate the bold innovation of the design, whereas others hold


that the design should suit its local conditions and reflect its regional characteristics or cultural heritage. As far as I am concerned,


I prefer the latter.


Firstly,


any


urban


design


should


take


the


city's


original


cultural


heritage


into


account.


Functional


and


harmonious


architectures are needed to suit the life of the people there. In a mountainous area, unconventional and super- futuristic buildings


are


incompatible


with


its


landscapes


and


they


usually


prove


to


be


unsuited


to


the


climate.


Besides,


the


disappearance


of


its


original features may mean the disappearance of a period of history and even the disappearance of its symbol and identity.








Secondly, the form of traditional buildings anywhere in the world is influenced by local climate and geology. Therefore, the


design well suited to local conditions can save a lot of money. As a small developing mountainous area near Guiyang, it should


try to take good advantage of its local resources. Over the centuries, the local materials have become the raw material used by


sophisticated


and


expert


craftsmen.


If


it


falsely


understood



wanted


to


be



at


any


price,


despised


the


outstanding


features of


its


traditional culture


and


attempted


to


introduce


reinforced


concrete buildings,


it


would


impose great


pressure on its people. In addition, such buildings require expensive maintenance which is a heavy burden for its people.


Thirdly, it will take a long period of time before local people can truly be accustomed to and appreciate the unconventional,


super-futuristic


buildings.


Having


lived


in


the


traditional


buildings


for


generations,


local


citizens


are


very


likely


to


feel


uncomfortable and uneasy surrounded by such super-futuristic buildings, let alone to appreciate them.


To sum up, a good design should take the city's original cultural heritage into account and suit to local conditions. It should


also try to take advantage of local resources and avoid imposing unnecessary burden on the local people. Besides, it is sensible to


build what local people can accept and feel comfortable with.




8


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专业八级(


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PART I: LISTENING COMPREHENSION



SECTION A




MINI-LECTURE


Paralinguistic Features of Language


Good morning, everyone. Today we'll continue our discussion on describing language. Last week we examined such features


of


language


as


grammar,


vocabulary,


the


sounds


of


language,


etc.


In


this


lecture,


we'll


look


at


another


important


aspect


of


language. Perhaps some of you may wonder what is this important aspect of language. Let me tell you. It refers to features of


communication that take place without the use of grammar and vocabulary. They are called


These features fall into two broad categories: those that involve the voice and those that involve the body.


Now, the first category, is what we call vocal paralinguistic features. Vocal features are actually tones of voice. While they


are,


perhaps,


not


central


to


meaning


in


communication


in


the


same


way


as


grammar


or


vocabulary,


they


may,


nevertheless,


convey attitude or intention in some way. Let me give you some examples. The first is whispering, which indicates the needs for


secrecy. The second is breathiness. This is to show deep emotion. The third is huskiness, which is to show unimportance. The


fourth is nasality. This is to indicate anxiety. The last is extra


lip- rounding, which expresses greater intimacy, especially with


babies,


for


example.


So


we


can


see


that


there


are


a


number


of


ways


of


altering


our


tone


of


voice.


And


when


we


do


this


consciously, we do it to create different effects in communication.


Now,


let's


come


to


the


second


category,


physical


paralinguistic


features,


which


involves


the


body.


In


addition


to


convey


meanings with tone of voice, we can also express our intention through the ways in which we use our bodies. You may ask: what


are the ways, then? Let me cite some brief examples. The expression on our face, the gestures we make and even proximity or


way we sit, are some of the ways we send powerful messages about how we feel, or what we mean. Let me explain some of these


in more detail. First, facial expression. Facial expression is a powerful conveyer of meaning. We all know smiling is an almost


universal signal of pleasure or welcome. But there are other facial expressions that may not be so common. For instance, raising


eye-brows suggests that you are surprised or interested in something. Other facial actions, such as biting your lip, which indicates


that you are deep in thinking, or are uncertain about something; compressing the lips, which show that you are making decisions;


and a visible clenching of the teeth, to show that you are angry, are all powerful conveyers of meaning, too. The second in this


category is gesture. You see, we use gesture to indicate a wide range of meanings. Though I have to emphasize that the actual


gestures


we


use


may


be


specific


to


particular


cultures.


That


is


to


say,


different


cultures


have


their


own


favorite


gestures


in


conveying meaning. Here, a few examples may show you how powerful gestures can be. In British English behavior, shrugging


shoulders may indicate an attitude of


powerfully show you are bored. Waving can mean welcome and farewell. While scratching your head may indicate that you are


at a loss. In other cultures, placing your hand upon your heart is to indicate that you are telling the truth. Pointing your finger at


your nose means


Proximity


refers


to


the


physical


distance


between


speakers.


This


can


indicate


a


number


of


things


and


can


also


be


used


to


consciously send messages about intent. Closeness, for example, indicates intimacy or threat to many speakers. But distance may


show formality, or lack of interest. Once again, I'd like to say, proximity is also both a matter of personal style, and is often


culture bound. So, what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker


from


another.


And


standing


close


to


someone


may


be


quite


appropriate


in


some


situations


such


as


an


informal


party,


but


completely out of place in other situations, such as a meeting with a superior. Next, posture. Posture means the way in which


someone holds his or her body, especially the back, shoulders and head, when standing, walking or sitting. A few examples.


Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of whether the person is happy or not. A lowered head when


speaking to a superior, with or without eye contact, can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures. On the other hand,


direct level eye contact changes the nature of interaction, and can been seen as either open or challenging. Last, echoing. Now,


what is echoing? Let me start with an example. Some of you may have noticed this phenomenon in your experience. When two


people are keen to agree with each other, they would likely, though unconsciously, adopt the same posture, as if an imitation of


each


other.


They


sit


or


stand


in


the


same


manner.


When


used


in


this


way,


echoing


appears


to


complement


the


verbal


communication. Of course, when such imitation is carried out consciously, it often indicates that someone is marking at another


speaker.


Ok, in today's lecture, we looked at some paralinguistic features, such as tone of voice, gesture and posture. These features,


together with linguistic features of language, like grammar or vocabulary, are all part of the way we communicate with each other


in face to face encounters. In our next lecture, we'll watch some video material, and see how people actually use paralinguistic


means in communication to express their intention or desire or mood.


SECTION B



INERVIEW


F: The word diversity has become a cliché


in the United States today. It seems to me that nowadays Americans cannot turn on the


television or read a newspaper without seeing the word pop out somewhere as a description of American demographic. Then


what


is


this


diversity


in


the


US?


Today


we're


very


pleased


to


have


Dr.


Jeans


Johnson


here


on


our


talk


show.


Welcome


Dr.


Johnson.


M: Thanks!


F: Dr. Johnson, we know you have done extensive research on diversity. So what is, how do you define diversity in the American


context?



M: Well, at one time, the US was called the melting pot, you know, which means that people of many different religions, cultures


and races could share their traditional cultural identities and blend into one homogenous nation.



F: And am I right in saying that melting pot was emphasizing the idea of all-in-one or being the same?


M: Yes, you may say so. Eh, of course, when the phrase melting-pot was popular, there was also the idea of being different. But



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being different then simply meant Catholic as opposed to protestant or Irish as opposed to Swedish or Italian.


F: Has the idea of being different changed over the years?


M: Yes, of course. You see, today we use the word diversity to refer to more visible ethnic differences: Asian American, African


American and Latino, for instance. And religious diversity refers to the variety of world religions, not merely different branches


of Christianity.



F: And now is America as a whole truly diverse?


M: Well, I think in all this talk about diversity, there was a critical point that may be missed, that is, diversity is not occurring


everywhere in the US, or at least not to a degree that would alter the demography of every region of the country.


F: Oh, really?



M: I can give you an example. Recently a New York Times article describes the town Selinsgrove in Pennsylvania. You see in


the last ten years, things have barely changed at that town. The population has dropped by one, from 5,384 to 5,383 and the town


remains virtually 100% white. The article thus concludes that many portions of the country remain, like Selinsgrove, virtually


unchanged on its march towards diversity.


F: So regions vary in terms of the degree and types of diversity?


M: That's correct. Let's say there are three types of diversity in the US and they differ from region to region.



F: Could you elaborate on that?


M: Ok, the first is racial diversity. States with the most racially diverse populations stand in stark contrast to those of the least


racially diverse populations. Ah, let's look at the two states, California and Maine. From 1990 to 2000 California's Caucasian


population, meaning non-Hispanic whites, declined from 57% to 48%. By 2025 it is predicted that figure will drop to just 34%,


which indicates the future change in racial composition of California. On the contrary, Maine's Caucasian population was 98% of


its total population throughout the 1990s, and by 2025 Maine's population will still be 97% Caucasian, which means virtually no


change in Maine's racial diversity over the next 20 or so years.



F: This shows that racial diversity is not occurring everywhere. Then what about other types of diversity?


M:


Right. The


second


type of


diversity


is


age


diversity.


There are some


interesting age gaps


developing


between


states.


For


example, there is a large gap between the average age of the five states with the youngest populations and the five states with the


oldest populations. This, of course, is well-known. What is less discussed is the difference between the racial make-up of younger


and older populations. Most of the populations having the greatest racial diversity are younger on average than the populations


with greater Caucasian representation. It is also well-known that Caucasians tend to be more affluent than other ethnic groups on


average. In our pay-as-you-go social security system, workers are taxed to pay the benefits of retirees. So this could lead to a


future where wealth is systematically redistributed from younger, poorer minorities to older, wealthier whites.



F: This is a very interesting point. Then what is the third type of diversity in the US?


M: The third is religious diversity. Immigration from India, Pakistan and Middle East poured radically increased numbers of


Hindus and Muslims to the US, and Chinese, Vietnamese and Japanese and other Asian immigrants increased the numbers of


Buddhists.



F: Oh, I see.


M:


But


the point


is


that


this


religion


didn't


settle


everywhere.


They


settled


mainly


in


California,


and


major northeastern


and


mid-western cities such as New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and Minneapolis. From 1990 to 2000, the number of Muslims in


New York City grew from 600,000 to nearly 1 million. In the Los Angles area, there are now more than 300 Buddhist temples.


F: So we see that many parts of the US are truly becoming more diverse while at the same time others are essentially remaining


the same in terms of race, age and religion.


M: Yes, that is true.



F: Ok, Dr. Johnson, thank you very much for coming on the show and talking to us.


M: My pleasure!


SECTION C



NEWS BROADCAST



1.




Japan will start an aggressive push to market abroad its mobile technology, especially the nation's popular wallet phone, a


government official said Tuesday.



Although Japan boasts some of the most sophisticated cell phones in the world, the nation has failed to make its handsets,


wireless technology and mobile services hits outside of Japan.


Among the wireless innovations Japan hopes to peddle is the wallet phone. The technology relies on a tiny computer chip


embedded


in


each


cell


phone,


which


communicates


with


a


reader


device


at


stores,


train


stations


and


vending


machines


for


cashless payment.


This tiny computer chip was developed by Japanese electronics and entertainment company Sony Corp.


2.



Zimbabwe's inflation rate has soared in the past three months and is now at 11.2 million percent, the highest in the world.


According to the country's Central Statistical Office, official figures dated Monday show inflation has surged from the rate of 2.2


million percent recorded in May, despite the government's price controls.


The country's finance minister confirmed the new figure in an interview but said the rising inflation rate was not confined to


Zimbabwe alone.


In February, the price of a loaf of bread in the country was less than 200,000 Zimbabwe dollars. On Monday, that same loaf


of bread cost 1.6 trillion Zimbabwe dollars.


Analysts


have


said


the


Zimbabwean


government's


official


inflation


rate


figures


are


conservative.


Last


week,


one


of


Zimbabwe's leading banks, Kingdom Bank, said the country's inflation rate was now more than 20 million percent.


The locally- owned bank predicted tougher times ahead for Zimbabwe in the absence of donor support and foreign investment



10

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-


-


-


-


-


-


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