2009-2010年专八(TEM8)真题、答案及听力原文(整理打印版)

树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥望；远近看不见任何生物，唯有苍翠的教堂庭院 里，牛群静

静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息，

好几头围绕着 一个小孩的坟墓。

我曾对她一腔柔情，

那年夏天是在旭日东升的 前

一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同当年那样望着牛群。

PART VI

Writing

Respecting Local Characteristics

Recently

a

heated

debate

was

triggered

off

by

the

report

that

a

little-known

mountainous

area

near

Guiyang,

Guizhou

Province

plans

to

turn

itself

into

a

central

business

district

with

unconventional,

super- futuristic

buildings,

never

paying

appropriate attention to its local characteristics. Some people appreciate the bold innovation of the design, whereas others hold

that the design should suit its local conditions and reflect its regional characteristics or cultural heritage. As far as I am concerned,

I prefer the latter.

Firstly,

any

urban

design

should

take

the

city's

original

cultural

heritage

into

account.

Functional

and

harmonious

architectures are needed to suit the life of the people there. In a mountainous area, unconventional and super- futuristic buildings

are

incompatible

with

its

landscapes

and

they

usually

prove

to

be

unsuited

to

the

climate.

Besides,

the

disappearance

of

its

original features may mean the disappearance of a period of history and even the disappearance of its symbol and identity.

Secondly, the form of traditional buildings anywhere in the world is influenced by local climate and geology. Therefore, the

design well suited to local conditions can save a lot of money. As a small developing mountainous area near Guiyang, it should

try to take good advantage of its local resources. Over the centuries, the local materials have become the raw material used by

sophisticated

and

expert

craftsmen.

If

it

falsely

understood

wanted

to

be

at

any

price,

despised

the

outstanding

features of

its

traditional culture

and

attempted

to

introduce

reinforced

concrete buildings,

it

would

impose great

pressure on its people. In addition, such buildings require expensive maintenance which is a heavy burden for its people.

Thirdly, it will take a long period of time before local people can truly be accustomed to and appreciate the unconventional,

super-futuristic

buildings.

Having

lived

in

the

traditional

buildings

for

generations,

local

citizens

are

very

likely

to

feel

uncomfortable and uneasy surrounded by such super-futuristic buildings, let alone to appreciate them.

To sum up, a good design should take the city's original cultural heritage into account and suit to local conditions. It should

also try to take advantage of local resources and avoid imposing unnecessary burden on the local people. Besides, it is sensible to

build what local people can accept and feel comfortable with.

8

20 09-2010

年专业八级

(TEM8)

真题

+

答案

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听力原文

ants05

< br>2010

专业八级（

TEM8

） 听力原文

PART I: LISTENING COMPREHENSION

—

SECTION A

MINI-LECTURE

Paralinguistic Features of Language

Good morning, everyone. Today we'll continue our discussion on describing language. Last week we examined such features

of

language

as

grammar,

vocabulary,

the

sounds

of

language,

etc.

In

this

lecture,

we'll

look

at

another

important

aspect

of

language. Perhaps some of you may wonder what is this important aspect of language. Let me tell you. It refers to features of

communication that take place without the use of grammar and vocabulary. They are called

These features fall into two broad categories: those that involve the voice and those that involve the body.

Now, the first category, is what we call vocal paralinguistic features. Vocal features are actually tones of voice. While they

are,

perhaps,

not

central

to

meaning

in

communication

in

the

same

way

as

grammar

or

vocabulary,

they

may,

nevertheless,

convey attitude or intention in some way. Let me give you some examples. The first is whispering, which indicates the needs for

secrecy. The second is breathiness. This is to show deep emotion. The third is huskiness, which is to show unimportance. The

fourth is nasality. This is to indicate anxiety. The last is extra

lip- rounding, which expresses greater intimacy, especially with

babies,

for

example.

So

we

can

see

that

there

are

a

number

of

ways

of

altering

our

tone

of

voice.

And

when

we

do

this

consciously, we do it to create different effects in communication.

Now,

let's

come

to

the

second

category,

physical

paralinguistic

features,

which

involves

the

body.

In

addition

to

convey

meanings with tone of voice, we can also express our intention through the ways in which we use our bodies. You may ask: what

are the ways, then? Let me cite some brief examples. The expression on our face, the gestures we make and even proximity or

way we sit, are some of the ways we send powerful messages about how we feel, or what we mean. Let me explain some of these

in more detail. First, facial expression. Facial expression is a powerful conveyer of meaning. We all know smiling is an almost

universal signal of pleasure or welcome. But there are other facial expressions that may not be so common. For instance, raising

eye-brows suggests that you are surprised or interested in something. Other facial actions, such as biting your lip, which indicates

that you are deep in thinking, or are uncertain about something; compressing the lips, which show that you are making decisions;

and a visible clenching of the teeth, to show that you are angry, are all powerful conveyers of meaning, too. The second in this

category is gesture. You see, we use gesture to indicate a wide range of meanings. Though I have to emphasize that the actual

gestures

we

use

may

be

specific

to

particular

cultures.

That

is

to

say,

different

cultures

have

their

own

favorite

gestures

in

conveying meaning. Here, a few examples may show you how powerful gestures can be. In British English behavior, shrugging

shoulders may indicate an attitude of

powerfully show you are bored. Waving can mean welcome and farewell. While scratching your head may indicate that you are

at a loss. In other cultures, placing your hand upon your heart is to indicate that you are telling the truth. Pointing your finger at

your nose means

Proximity

refers

to

the

physical

distance

between

speakers.

This

can

indicate

a

number

of

things

and

can

also

be

used

to

consciously send messages about intent. Closeness, for example, indicates intimacy or threat to many speakers. But distance may

show formality, or lack of interest. Once again, I'd like to say, proximity is also both a matter of personal style, and is often

culture bound. So, what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker

from

another.

And

standing

close

to

someone

may

be

quite

appropriate

in

some

situations

such

as

an

informal

party,

but

completely out of place in other situations, such as a meeting with a superior. Next, posture. Posture means the way in which

someone holds his or her body, especially the back, shoulders and head, when standing, walking or sitting. A few examples.

Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of whether the person is happy or not. A lowered head when

speaking to a superior, with or without eye contact, can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures. On the other hand,

direct level eye contact changes the nature of interaction, and can been seen as either open or challenging. Last, echoing. Now,

what is echoing? Let me start with an example. Some of you may have noticed this phenomenon in your experience. When two

people are keen to agree with each other, they would likely, though unconsciously, adopt the same posture, as if an imitation of

each

other.

They

sit

or

stand

in

the

same

manner.

When

used

in

this

way,

echoing

appears

to

complement

the

verbal

communication. Of course, when such imitation is carried out consciously, it often indicates that someone is marking at another

speaker.

Ok, in today's lecture, we looked at some paralinguistic features, such as tone of voice, gesture and posture. These features,

together with linguistic features of language, like grammar or vocabulary, are all part of the way we communicate with each other

in face to face encounters. In our next lecture, we'll watch some video material, and see how people actually use paralinguistic

means in communication to express their intention or desire or mood.

SECTION B

INERVIEW

F: The word diversity has become a cliché

in the United States today. It seems to me that nowadays Americans cannot turn on the

television or read a newspaper without seeing the word pop out somewhere as a description of American demographic. Then

what

is

this

diversity

in

the

US?

Today

we're

very

pleased

to

have

Dr.

Jeans

Johnson

here

on

our

talk

show.

Welcome

Dr.

Johnson.

M: Thanks!

F: Dr. Johnson, we know you have done extensive research on diversity. So what is, how do you define diversity in the American

context?

M: Well, at one time, the US was called the melting pot, you know, which means that people of many different religions, cultures

and races could share their traditional cultural identities and blend into one homogenous nation.

F: And am I right in saying that melting pot was emphasizing the idea of all-in-one or being the same?

M: Yes, you may say so. Eh, of course, when the phrase melting-pot was popular, there was also the idea of being different. But

9

2009-2010

年专业八级

(TEM8)

真题

+

答案

+

听力原文

ants05

being different then simply meant Catholic as opposed to protestant or Irish as opposed to Swedish or Italian.

F: Has the idea of being different changed over the years?

M: Yes, of course. You see, today we use the word diversity to refer to more visible ethnic differences: Asian American, African

American and Latino, for instance. And religious diversity refers to the variety of world religions, not merely different branches

of Christianity.

F: And now is America as a whole truly diverse?

M: Well, I think in all this talk about diversity, there was a critical point that may be missed, that is, diversity is not occurring

everywhere in the US, or at least not to a degree that would alter the demography of every region of the country.

F: Oh, really?

M: I can give you an example. Recently a New York Times article describes the town Selinsgrove in Pennsylvania. You see in

the last ten years, things have barely changed at that town. The population has dropped by one, from 5,384 to 5,383 and the town

remains virtually 100% white. The article thus concludes that many portions of the country remain, like Selinsgrove, virtually

unchanged on its march towards diversity.

F: So regions vary in terms of the degree and types of diversity?

M: That's correct. Let's say there are three types of diversity in the US and they differ from region to region.

F: Could you elaborate on that?

M: Ok, the first is racial diversity. States with the most racially diverse populations stand in stark contrast to those of the least

racially diverse populations. Ah, let's look at the two states, California and Maine. From 1990 to 2000 California's Caucasian

population, meaning non-Hispanic whites, declined from 57% to 48%. By 2025 it is predicted that figure will drop to just 34%,

which indicates the future change in racial composition of California. On the contrary, Maine's Caucasian population was 98% of

its total population throughout the 1990s, and by 2025 Maine's population will still be 97% Caucasian, which means virtually no

change in Maine's racial diversity over the next 20 or so years.

F: This shows that racial diversity is not occurring everywhere. Then what about other types of diversity?

M:

Right. The

second

type of

diversity

is

age

diversity.

There are some

interesting age gaps

developing

between

states.

For

example, there is a large gap between the average age of the five states with the youngest populations and the five states with the

oldest populations. This, of course, is well-known. What is less discussed is the difference between the racial make-up of younger

and older populations. Most of the populations having the greatest racial diversity are younger on average than the populations

with greater Caucasian representation. It is also well-known that Caucasians tend to be more affluent than other ethnic groups on

average. In our pay-as-you-go social security system, workers are taxed to pay the benefits of retirees. So this could lead to a

future where wealth is systematically redistributed from younger, poorer minorities to older, wealthier whites.

F: This is a very interesting point. Then what is the third type of diversity in the US?

M: The third is religious diversity. Immigration from India, Pakistan and Middle East poured radically increased numbers of

Hindus and Muslims to the US, and Chinese, Vietnamese and Japanese and other Asian immigrants increased the numbers of

Buddhists.

F: Oh, I see.

M:

But

the point

is

that

this

religion

didn't

settle

everywhere.

They

settled

mainly

in

California,

and

major northeastern

and

mid-western cities such as New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and Minneapolis. From 1990 to 2000, the number of Muslims in

New York City grew from 600,000 to nearly 1 million. In the Los Angles area, there are now more than 300 Buddhist temples.

F: So we see that many parts of the US are truly becoming more diverse while at the same time others are essentially remaining

the same in terms of race, age and religion.

M: Yes, that is true.

F: Ok, Dr. Johnson, thank you very much for coming on the show and talking to us.

M: My pleasure!

SECTION C

NEWS BROADCAST

1.

Japan will start an aggressive push to market abroad its mobile technology, especially the nation's popular wallet phone, a

government official said Tuesday.

Although Japan boasts some of the most sophisticated cell phones in the world, the nation has failed to make its handsets,

wireless technology and mobile services hits outside of Japan.

Among the wireless innovations Japan hopes to peddle is the wallet phone. The technology relies on a tiny computer chip

embedded

in

each

cell

phone,

which

communicates

with

a

reader

device

at

stores,

train

stations

and

vending

machines

for

cashless payment.

This tiny computer chip was developed by Japanese electronics and entertainment company Sony Corp.

2.

Zimbabwe's inflation rate has soared in the past three months and is now at 11.2 million percent, the highest in the world.

According to the country's Central Statistical Office, official figures dated Monday show inflation has surged from the rate of 2.2

million percent recorded in May, despite the government's price controls.

The country's finance minister confirmed the new figure in an interview but said the rising inflation rate was not confined to

Zimbabwe alone.

In February, the price of a loaf of bread in the country was less than 200,000 Zimbabwe dollars. On Monday, that same loaf

of bread cost 1.6 trillion Zimbabwe dollars.

Analysts

have

said

the

Zimbabwean

government's

official

inflation

rate

figures

are

conservative.

Last

week,

one

of

Zimbabwe's leading banks, Kingdom Bank, said the country's inflation rate was now more than 20 million percent.

The locally- owned bank predicted tougher times ahead for Zimbabwe in the absence of donor support and foreign investment

10