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ants05
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)
-GRADE EIGHT-
TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN
PART I
LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)
SECTION A
MINI-LECTURE
In this section
you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the
lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on
the important
points. Your notes will
not be marked, but you will need them to complete
a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When
the
lecture is over, you will be given
two minutes to check your notes, and another ten
minutes to complete the gap-filling task on
ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet
for note-taking.
Paralinguistic
Features of Language
In
face
to
face
communication
speakers
often
alter
their
tones
of
voices
or
change
their
physical
posture
in
order
to
convey
messages. These means
are called paralinguistic features of language,
which fall into two categories.
First
category: vocal paralinguistic features
(1)_____: to express attitude or
intention examples
(1)_______
1. whispering:
need for secrecy
2. breathiness:
deep emotion
3. (2)_______: unimportance
(2)_______
4. nasality:
anxiety
5. extra lip-
rounding: greater intimacy
Second
category: physical paralinguistic features
A. facial expressions
(3)____________
(3)_______
—
smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome less common
expressions
—
eyebrow
raising: surprise or interest
—
lip biting:
(4)_________________
(4)_______
B. gesture
Gestures are related to culture.
British culture
—
shrugging shoulders:
(5)_______
(5)_______
—
scratching head: puzzlement other cultures
—
placing hand upon heart:
(6)_______
(6)_______
—
pointing at nose: secret
C. proximity,
posture and echoing
1.
proximity: physical distance between speakers
—
closeness: intimacy or threat
—
(7)_______: formality or
absence of interest
(7)_______
Proximity is person-, culture- and
(8)_______ -specific.
(8)_______
2.
posture
—
hunched shoulders or a
hanging head: to indicate (9)_______
(9)_______
—
direct level
eye contact: to express an open or challenging
attitude
3. echoing
—
definition: imitation of similar posture
—
(1)_______: aid in
communication
(10)_______
SECTION
B
INTERVIEW
In
this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.
Listen carefully and then answer the questions
that follow. Mark the
correct answer to
each question on your coloured answer sheet.
Questions 1 to 5 are based
on an interview. At the end of the interview you
will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the
following five questions. Now listen to
the interview.
1. According to Dr.
Johnson, diversity means _______.
A.
merging of different cultural identities
B. more emphasis on homogeneity
C. embracing of more ethnic
differences
D. acceptance
of more branches of Christianity
2.
According to the interview, which of the following
statements is CORRECT?
A. Some places
are more diverse than others.
B. Towns are less diverse than large
cities.
C. Diversity can be
seen everywhere.
D. America is a
truly diverse country.
3. According to
Dr. Johnson, which place will witness a radical
change in its racial makeup by 2025?
A.
Maine.
B. Selinsgrove.
C. Philadelphia.
D.
California.
4. During the interview Dr.
Johnson indicates that _______.
A.
greater racial diversity exists among younger
populations
B. both older
and younger populations are racially diverse
C. age diversity could lead
to pension problems
D. older
populations are more racially diverse
5. According to the interview,
religious diversity _______.
A. was
most evident between 1990 and 2000
B.
exists among Muslim immigrants
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C. is
restricted to certain places in the US
D. is spreading
to more parts of the country
SECTION
C
NEWS BROADCAST
In this
section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen
carefully and then answer the questions that
follow. Mark the
correct answer to each
question on your coloured answer sheet.
Questions 6 is based on the following
news. At the end of the news item, you will be
given 10 seconds to answer the
listen
to the news.
6. What is the main idea
of the news item?
A. Sony developed a
computer chip for cell phones.
B.
Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.
C. The wallet phone is one of the
wireless innovations.
D.
Reader devices are available at stores and
stations.
Questions 7 and 8 are based
on the following news. At the end of the news
item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the
listen to the news.
7.
Which of the following is mentioned as the
government's measure to control inflation?
A. Foreign investment.
B. Donor support.
C. Price control.
D. Bank
prediction.
8. According to Kingdom
Bank, what is the current inflation rate in
Zimbabwe?
A. 20 million percent.
B. 2.2 million
percent.
C.
11.2 million percent.
D. Over 11.2 million percent.
Question 9 and 10 are based on the
following news. At the end of the news item, you
will be given 20 seconds to answer the
question. Now listen to the
news.
9. Which of the
following is CORRECT?
A. A
big fire erupted on the Nile River.
B. Helicopters were used to evacuate
people.
C. Five people were taken to
hospital for burns.
D. A big fire took place on two floors.
10. The likely cause of the big fire is
_______ .
A. electrical short-circuit
B. lack of
fire-safety measures
C. terrorism
D. not known
PART II READING
COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)
In
this section there are four reading passages
followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice the
passages and then
mark your answers on
your coloured answer sheet.
TEXT A
We
had been wanting to expand our children's horizons
by taking them to a place that was unlike anything
we'd been exposed
to during our travels
in Europe and the United States. In thinking about
what was possible from Geneva, where we are based,
we
decided on a trip to Istanbul, a
two-hour plane ride from Zurich.
Among
the great cities of the world, Kolkata (formerly
spelt as Calcutta), the capital of India's West
Bengal, and the home of
nearly 15
million people, is often mentioned as the only one
that still has a large fleet of hand-pulled
rickshaws.
Rickshaws are not there to haul around
tourists. It's the people in the lanes who most
regularly use rickshaws
—
not the poor
but
people
who
are
just
a
notch
above
the
poor.
They
are
people
who
tend
to
travel
short
distances,
through
lanes
that
are
sometimes inaccessible to even the most
daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing
to do, for instance, can arrive in a
rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait
until she comes back from various stalls to load
her purchases, and then be taken home.
People in the lanes use rickshaws as a
24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafes or
corner stores send rickshaws to collect
their supplies. The rickshaw pullers
told me their steadiest customers are school
children. Middle-class families contract with a
puller to take a child to school and
pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a
family retainer.
From
June
to
September
Kolkata
can
get
torrential
rains.
During
my
stay
it
once
rained
for
about
48
hours.
Entire
neighborhoods couldn't be reached by
motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed
pictures of rickshaws being pulled through
water that was up to the pullers'
waists. When it's raining, the normal customer
base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does
the price of a journey. A writer in
Kolkata told me,
While
I
was
in
Kolkata,
a
magazine
called
India
Today
published
its
annual
ranking
of
Indian
states,
according
to
such
measurements as prosperity and
infrastructure. Among India's 20 largest states,
Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of
the
past five years. Bihar, a few
hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast
majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in
Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in
their rickshaws or in a dera
—
a combination of garage
and repair shop and dormitory
managed
by someone called a sardar. For sleeping
privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees
(about $$2.50) a month, which
sounds
like a pretty good deal until you've visited a
dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day,
out of which they have
to pay 20 rupees
for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75
or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them
for, say, crossing
a street where
rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that
rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata
occupations in
income, doing better
than only the beggars. For someone without land or
education, that still beats trying to make a
living in
Bihar.
There are
people in Kolkata, particularly educated and
politically aware people, who will not ride in a
rickshaw, because they
are offended by
the idea of being pulled by another human being or
because they consider it not the sort of thing
people of their
station do or because
they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of
colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are
not
enthusiastic
about
banning
rickshaws.
The
editor
of
the
editorial
pages
of
Kolkata's
Telegraph
—
Rudrangshu
Mukherjee,
a
former academic who still writes
history books
—
told me, for
instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations
as coming down
on the side of keeping
hand-pulled rickshaws on the road.
question
whether
we
have
the
right
to
take
away
their
livelihood.
Rickshaw
supporters
point
out
that
when
it
comes
to
demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers
are hardly unique in Kolkata.
When I asked
one rickshaw puller if he thought the government's
plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a
genuine
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interest
in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of
his head
—
a gesture I
interpreted to mean,
such
a
question,
I
will
answer
it,
but
it
is
not
worth
wasting
words
on.
Some
rickshaw
pullers
I
met
were
resigned
to
the
imminent end of their livelihood and
pinned their hopes on being offered something in
its place. As migrant workers, they don't
have the political clout enjoyed by,
say, Kolkata's sidewalk hawkers, who, after
supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of
the
modernization drive,
still
clog
the
sidewalks,
selling
absolutely
everything
—
or, as
I
found
during
the 48
hours of
rain,
absolutely everything
but umbrellas.
shake hands with the
capitalists and try to get rid of poor
people.
But others in Kolkata believe that
rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to
certain neighborhoods, out of the view of
World
Bank
traffic
consultants
and
California
investment
delegations
—
or
that
they
will
be
allowed
to
die
out
naturally
as
they're supplanted by
more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee,
after all, is not the first high West Bengal
official to
say that rickshaws would be
off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months.
Similar statements have been made as far back as
1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee
has been delayed by a court case and by a widely
held belief that some retraining or
social security settlement ought to be
offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been
delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up
something that has been part of the
fabric of the city for more than a century.
Kolkata, a resident told me,
go.
be rehabilitated.
11. According to the
passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for
the following purposes EXCEPT _______.
A. taking foreign tourists around the
city.
B.
providing transport to school children.
C. carrying store supplies
and purchases.
D. carrying people over short
distances.
12. Which of the following
statements best describes the rickshaw pullers
from Bihar?
A. They come from a
relatively poor area.
B. They are
provided with decent accommodation.
C. Their living standards are very low
in Kolkata.
D.
They are often caught by policemen in the streets.
13. That
even so, _______.
A. the poor prefer to work and live in
Bihar.
B. the poor from Bihar fare
better than back home.
C.
the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.
D. the poor
never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.
14. We can infer from the passage that
some educated and politically aware people
_______.
A. hold mixed feelings towards
rickshaws.
B.
strongly support the ban on rickshaws.
C. call for humanitarian actions for
rickshaw pullers.
D. keep quiet on the issue of banning
rickshaws.
15. Which of the following
statements conveys the author's sense of humour?
A.
—
not the poor
but people who are just a notch above the
poor.
B.
h sounds
like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a
dera.
C. Kolkata, a resident
told me,
D.
16.
The dialogue between the author and the city
official at the end of the passage seems to
suggest _______.
A. the uncertainty of
the court's decision.
B. the
inefficiency of the municipal government.
C. the difficulty of
finding a good solution.
D. the slowness in processing options.
TEXT B
Depending on whom you
believe, the average American will, over a
lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says
National Public
Radio) or five years
(according to some customer-loyalty experts).
The
crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans
routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most
democratic of institutions,
lines are
rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers
(people who still believe in and practice waiting
in lines). Poor
suckers, mostly.
Airports resemble France before the
Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy
lite
disembark before the
unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight
attendant, are allowed to foul the Jet-way.
At
amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out
of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use
a $$52 Gold Flash
Pass to jump the lines
at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are
in use in most major American theme parks, from
Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World,
where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze
past on their way to their seats.
Flash Pass
teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world
economics: that the rich are more important than
you, especially
when it comes to
waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a
bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in
Canada
—
get this
—
Almost every line can be
breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this
summer, early arrivers among the early adopters
waiting
to
buy
iPhones
offered
to
sell
their
spots
in
the
lines.
On
Craigslist,
prospective
iPhone
purchasers
offered
to
pay
Inevitably,
some
semi-populist
politicians
have
seen
the
value
of
sort-of
waiting
in
lines
with
the
ordinary
people.
This
summer Philadelphia mayor John Street
waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to
11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his
office literally stood in for the mayor
while he conducted official business. And
billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg
often waits for the subway with his
fellow citizens, though he's first driven by
motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a
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station
22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the
ride, is shorter.
As early as elementary
school, we're told that jumping the line is an
unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers
have framed the immigration debate as a
kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line.
Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to
cite
just one legislator, said amnesty would allow
illegal immigrants
Nothing annoys a national
lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in
line, unless that line is in front of an elevator
at
the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and
Representatives use private elevators, lest they
have to queue with their constituents.
But
compromising the integrity of the line is not just
antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was
something about the orderly
boarding of
Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not
just civilization but civility during the Great
Flood.
How
civil
was
your
last
flight?
Southwest
Airlines
has
first-come,
first-served
festival
seating.
But
for
$$5
per
flight,
an
unaffiliated
company
called
will
secure
you
a
coveted
boarding
pass
when
that
airline
opens
for
online
check-in 24 hours before departure.
Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line
when he or she is online.
Some cultures are not
renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures
are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the
former
Soviet Union would join a queue
just so he could get to the head of that queue and
see what everyone was queuing for.
And then there
is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving
into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't
wait, and
Very Impatient Persons, who
do
—
unhappily.
For those of us
in the latter group
—
consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor
or proper to pay a placeholder
—
what
do we do?
We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting
for Godot:
17. What does the following
sentence mean?
province of suckers ...
Poor suckers, mostly.
A. Lines are
symbolic of America's democracy.
B. Lines still give Americans equal
opportunities.
C. Lines are
now for ordinary Americans only.
D. Lines are for people
with democratic spirit only.
18. Which
of the following is NOT cited as an example of
breaching the line?
A. Going through
the customs at a Canadian airport.
B. Using Gold Flash Passes
in amusement parks.
C.
First-class passenger status at airports.
D.
Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.
19. We can infer from the
passage that politicians (including mayors and
Congressmen) _______.
A. prefer to
stand in lines with ordinary people.
B. advocate the value of waiting in
lines.
C. believe in and
practice waiting in lines.
D.
exploit waiting in lines for their own good.
20. What is the tone of the passage?
A. Instructive.
B. Humorous.
C.
Serious.
D. Teasing.
TEXT C
A bus took him to the West
End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of
illumination, shattering the blue dusk with
green and crimson fire, he found the
café
of his choice, a tea-shop that had
gone mad and turned Babylonian, a white palace
with
ten thousand lights. It towered
above the older buildings like a citadel, which
indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a
new civilization, perhaps a new
barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were
concrete and steel, just as behind the careless
profusion of luxury were millions of
pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere
in the background, hidden away, behind
the ten thousand lights and acres of
white napery and bewildering glittering rows of
teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and
cash-box girls and black-coated floor
managers and temperamental long-haired violinists,
behind the mounds of cauldrons of
stewed steak, the vanloads of ices,
were a few men who went to work juggling with
fractions of a farthing, who knew how many
units of electricity it took to finish
a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes
and seconds a waitress (five feet four in
height and in average health) would
need to carry a tray of given weight from the
kitchen lift to the table in the far corner. In
short,
there was a warm, sensuous,
vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a
cold science working in the basement. Such was the
gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis
marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of
all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury.
Perhaps he knew in his heart that men
have conquered half the known world, looted whole
kingdoms, and never arrived in such
luxury. The place was built for him.
It
was
built
for a
great many
other
people
too,
and,
as
usual,
they
were
all
there.
It
steamed
with
humanity.
The
marble
entrance hall, piled dizzily with
bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as
a railway station. The gloom and grime of
the streets, the raw air, all November,
were at once left behind, forgotten: the
atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging
to some high mid-summer of
confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once
more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it
all,
climbed the wide staircase until
he reached his favourite floor, where an orchestra
led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering
lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo
effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls.
The door was swung open for him by a page;
there
burst,
like
a
sugary
bomb,
the
clatter
of
cups,
the
shrill
chatter
of
white-
and-vermilion
girls,
and,
cleaving
the
golden,
scented air, the
sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood
hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came,
bowing, a sleek
grave man, older than
he was and far more distinguished than he could
ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially:
sir? This way, please.
21.
That
A. modern realistic commercialism
existed behind the luxurious appearance.
B. there was a fundamental
falseness in the style and the appeal of the
café
.
C. the
architect had made a sensible blend of old and new
building materials.
D. the
cafe was based on physical foundations and real
economic strength.
22. The following
words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-
shop EXCEPT _______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
23. In its
context the statement that
was
intended to _______.
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A. please simple people in a simple
way.
B. exploit gullible
people like him.
C. satisfy
a demand that already existed.
D. provide relaxation for
tired young men.
24. Which of the
following statements about the second paragraph is
NOT true?
A. The café
appealed to most senses simultaneously.
B. The
café
was both full of people and full
of warmth.
C. The inside of
the café
was contrasted with the
weather outside.
D. It
stressed the commercial determination of the
café
owners.
25. The
following are comparisons made by the author in
the second paragraph EXCEPT that _______.
A. the entrance hall is compared to a
railway station.
B. the orchestra is compared to a
magnet.
C. Turgis welcomed
the lift like a conquering soldier.
D. the interior of the café
is compared to warm countries.
26. The
author's attitude to the café
is
_______.
A. fundamentally critical.
B. slightly admiring.
C. quite undecided.
D. completely neutral.
TEXT D
Now elsewhere in the world,
Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly,
as Western Europe's last pristine wilderness.
But
the
environmental
awareness
that
is
sweeping
the
world
had
bypassed
the
majority
of
Icelanders.
Certainly
they
were
connected to their land, the way one is
complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by,
family one can't do anything about. But
the truth is, once you're off the
beaten paths of the low-lying coastal areas where
everyone lives, the roads are few, and they're all
bad, so Iceland's natural wonders have
been out of reach and unknown even to its own
inhabitants. For them the land has always
just been there, something that had to
be dealt with and, if possible, exploited
—
the mind-set being one of
land as commodity
rather than land as,
well, priceless art on the scale of the
When
the
opportunity
arose
in
2003
for
the
national
power
company
to
enter
into
a
40-year
contract
with
the
American
aluminum company Alcoa to supply
hydroelectric power for a new smelter
(
冶炼厂
), those who had been
dreaming of something
like this for
decades jumped at it and never looked back.
Iceland may at the moment be one of the world's
richest countries, with
a 99 percent
literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the
project's advocates, some of them getting on in
years, were more
emotionally attuned to
the country's century upon century of want,
hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which
officially
ended only in 1944 and whose
psychological imprint remained relatively fresh.
For the longest time, life here had meant little
more than a hut, dark all winter, cold,
no hope, children dying left and right,
earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes
erupting
and destroying all vegetation
and livestock, all spirit
—
a world revolving almost entirely around the
welfare of one's sheep and,
later, on
how good the cod catch was. In the outlying
regions, it still largely does.
Ostensibly, the
Alcoa project was intended to save one of these
dying regions
—
the remote
and sparsely populated east
—
where the way
of life had steadily declined to a point of
desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were
imposed in the early
1980s to protect
fish stocks, many individual boat owners sold
their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights
ended up mostly
in the hands of a few
companies and small fishermen were virtually wiped
out. Technological advances drained away even more
jobs previously done by human hands,
and the people were seeing everything they had
worked for all their lives turn up worthless
and their children move away. With the
old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like
this one had come to be perceived,
wisely or not, as a last chance.
The
contract with Alcoa would infuse the region with
foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-
off service industries. It
also was a
way for Iceland to develop expertise that
potentially could be sold to the rest of the
world; diversify an economy
historically dependent on fish; and, in
an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve,
perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once
and for all, from the unpredictability
of life itself.
region, was a
driving force behind the project.
27.
According to the passage, most Icelanders view
land as something of _______.
A.
environmental value.
B.
commercial value.
C.
potential value for tourism.
D. great value for livelihood.
28. What is Iceland’s
old
-aged advocates' feeling towards the
Alcoa project?
A. Iceland is wealthy
enough to reject the project.
B.
The project would lower life expectancy.
C. The project would cause
environmental problems.
D.
The project symbolizes an end to the colonial
legacies.
29. The disappearance of the
old way of life was due to all the following
EXCEPT _______.
A. fewer fishing
companies.
B. fewer jobs
available.
C. migration of
young people.
D. imposition
of fishing quotas.
30. The 4th
paragraph in the passage ________.
A.
sums up the main points of the passage.
B. starts to discuss an entirely new
point.
C. elaborates on the
last part of the 3rd paragraph.
D. continues to depict the
bleak economic situation.
PART
Ⅲ
GENERAL
KNOWLEDGE
(
10
MIN
)
There are
ten multiple-choice questions in this section.
Choose the best answers to each question. Mark
your answers on your
colored answer
sheet.
31. Which of the following
statements is INCORRECT?
A. The British
constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.
B. The British constitution
includes Parliamentary acts.
C. The
British constitution includes decisions made by
courts of law.
D. The British
constitution includes one single written
constitution.
32. The first city ever
founded in Canada is _______.
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A. Quebec
B. Vancouver
C. Toronto
D. Montreal
33. When did the Australian Federation
officially come into being?
A. 1770.
B.
1788.
C. 1900.
D. 1901.
34. The
Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery
plantation system in the South of the U.S. was
issued by _______.
A. Abraham Lincoln
B. Thomas Paine
C. George
Washington
D.
Thomas Jefferson
35.
_______ is best known for the technique of
dramatic monologue in his poems.
A.
William Blake
B. W.B. Yeats
C. Robert Browning
D. William Wordsworth
36. The Financier is written by
_______.
A. Mark Twain
B. Henry James
C. William Faulkner
D. Theodore
Dreiser
37. In literature a
story in verse or prose with a double meaning is
defined as _______.
A. allegory
B.
sonnet
C. blank verse
D. rhyme
38. _______ refers to the learning and
development of a language.
A. Language
acquisition
B.
Language comprehension
C. Language production
D. Language instruction
39. The word
A.
backformation
B. conversion
C. blending
D. acronym
40. Language is a
tool of communication. The symbol
A. an
expressive function
B. an
informative function
C. a
performative function
D. a
persuasive function
PART IV
PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION
(15 MIN)
The
passage
contains
TEN
errors.
Each
indicated
line
contains
a
maximum
of
ONE
error
.
In
each
case,
only
ONE
word
is
involved You should proof, read the
passage and correct it in the following way:
For a wrong word, underline the wrong
word and write the correct one in the blank pro-
vided at the end of the line.
For a
missing word, mark the position of the missing
word with a
blank provided at the end
of the line.
For an unnecessary word,
cross the unnecessary word with a slash
line.
EXAMPLE
When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit,
(1)________
it never buys things in finished form
and hangs
(2)________
them on the wall. When a natural
history museum
wants an exhibition, it
must often build it.
(3)________
So far as we can
tell, all human languages are equally
complete and perfect as instruments of
communication: that
is, every language
appears to be well equipped as any other
(1)________
to
say the things their speakers want to say.
(2)________
There may or may not be
appropriate to talk about primitive
(3)________
peoples or
cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly,
not
all groups of people are equally
competent in nuclear physics
or
psychology or the cultivation of rice. Whereas
this is not
(4)________
the fault of their language. The
Eskimos, it is said, can speak
about
snow with further more precision and subtlety than
we
(5)________
can in English,
but this is not because the Eskimo language
(one of those sometimes miscalled
more precise and subtle than English.
This example does
not come to light a
defect in English, a show of unexpected
(6)________
the Eskimos and the English
live in similar environments.
(7)________
The
English language will be just as rich in terms for
(8)________
different kinds of snow if the
environments in which English
was
habitually used made such distinction as
important.
(9)________
Similarly, we have no reason to doubt
that the Eskimo
language could be as
precise and subtle on the subject of
motor manufacture or cricket if these
topics formed the part
(10)________
of the Eskimos' life.
PART V
TRANSLATION (60 MIN)
SECTION
A
CHINESE TO ENGLISH
Translate
the underlined part of the following text into
English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET
THREE.
朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的,容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。
朋友之间,情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则
交;反之,则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉、再亲
密,也不能随便过头、不恭不敬。不然,默契和平衡将被打破,友好关
系将不复存在。每
个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间,朋友之间过于随便,就容易侵入这片禁区,从而引起冲突,造成隔
阂。
待友不敬,
或许只是件小事,
< br>却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。
维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节,
互不干涉。
6 <
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8)
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ants05
SECTION B
ENGLISH TO CHINESE
Translate
the following text into Chinese. Write your
translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
I
thought that it was a Sunday
morning in
May, that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very
early in the morning. I was
standing at
the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay
the very scene which could really be commanded
from that situation,
but exalted, as
was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams.
There were the same mountains, and the same lovely
valley at
their
feet;
but
the
mountains
were
raised
to
more
than
Alpine
height,
and
there
was
interspace
far
larger
between
them
of
meadows and forest lawns; the hedges
were rich with white roses; and no living creature
was to be seen except that in the green
churchyard there were cattle tranquilly
reposing upon the graves, and particularly round
about the grave of a child whom I had
tenderly loved, just as I had really
seen them, a little before sunrise in the same
summer, when that child died.
PART VI
WRITING (45 MIN)
Recently
newspapers
have
reported
that
officials
in
a
little-known
mountainous
area
near
Guiyang,
Guizhou
Province
wanted to turn the
area into a
new
look.
The
design
company
came
up
with
a
blueprint
for
unconventional,
super-futuristic
buildings.
This
triggered
off
different
responses.
Some
appreciated
the
bold
innovation
of
the
design,
but
others
held
that
it
failed
to
reflect
regional
characteristics or
local cultural heritage. What is your view on
this?
Write an essay of
about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate
title for your essay.
In
the
first part of
your
essay
you
should
state
clearly
your
main
argument,
and
in
the
second
part
you
should
support
your
argument
with appropriate
details.
In
the
last part
you
should bring
what
you
have
written
to a natural
conclusion or
make a
summary.
Marks will
be awarded for content, organization, grammar and
appropriateness. Failure to follow the above
instructions may
result in a loss of
your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.
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ants05
TEST FOR
ENGLISH MAJORS(2009)-GRADE
EIGHT-2009
年英语专业八级参考答案
Part I
Listening
Comprehension
—
Section A
Mini-lecture
of
voice
ess
universal signal
t or uncertainty erence y ce ion
/unhappiness ciously same posture
SECTION B
INTERVIEW 1-5
CADAC
SECTION C
NEWS BROADCAST
6-10 BCADA
PART
II
Reading Comprehension
11-15 ACBAD
16-20 CCADB
21-25 ADBBC
26-30 ADDAC
PART III
General Knowledge
31-35DADAC
36-40 DAACB
PART
VI
Proofreading & Error
Correction
后加
as
改为
its
改为
It
s
改为
But
r
改为
much
改为
bring
r
改为
different
改为
would
9.
去掉
as
important
的
as
10.
去掉
the
past
的
the
Part V
Translation
—
Section
A
Chinese To English
Friends
tend
to
become
more
intimated
if
they
have
the
same
interests
and
temper,
they
can
get
along
well
and
keep
contacting; otherwise they will
separate and end the relationship. Friends who are
more familiar and closer can not be too casual
and show no respect. Otherwise the
harmony and balance will be broken, and the
friendship will also be nonexistent any more.
Everyone hopes to have his own private
space, and if too casual among friends, it is easy
to invade this piece of restricted areas,
which will lead to the conflict,
resulting in alienation. It may be a small matter
to be rude to friends; however, it is likely to
plant
the devastating seeds. The best
way to keep the close relationship between friends
is to keep contacts with restraint, and do not
bother each other.
Section
B
English to
Chinese
我想那是五月的
一个周日的早晨;那天是复活节,一个大清早上。我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前展现出了
那么一番景色,
从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底,
可是
梦里的感觉往往如此,
由于梦幻的力量,
这番景象显得超凡出尘
,
一派肃穆气象。
群山形状相同,
其山
脚下都有着同样可爱的山谷;
不过群山挺然参天,
高于阿尔卑斯
峰,
诸山相距空旷,
丰草如茵,林地开阔,错落其间;
树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥望;远近看不见任何生物,唯有苍翠的教堂庭院
里,牛群静
静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息,
好几头围绕着
一个小孩的坟墓。
我曾对她一腔柔情,
那年夏天是在旭日东升的
前
一刻,那孩子死去了,我如同当年那样望着牛群。
PART VI
Writing
Respecting Local
Characteristics
Recently
a
heated
debate
was
triggered
off
by
the
report
that
a
little-known
mountainous
area
near
Guiyang,
Guizhou
Province
plans
to
turn
itself
into
a
central
business
district
with
unconventional,
super-
futuristic
buildings,
never
paying
appropriate attention
to its local characteristics. Some people
appreciate the bold innovation of the design,
whereas others hold
that the design
should suit its local conditions and reflect its
regional characteristics or cultural heritage. As
far as I am concerned,
I prefer the
latter.
Firstly,
any
urban
design
should
take
the
city's
original
cultural
heritage
into
account.
Functional
and
harmonious
architectures are
needed to suit the life of the people there. In a
mountainous area, unconventional and super-
futuristic buildings
are
incompatible
with
its
landscapes
and
they
usually
prove
to
be
unsuited
to
the
climate.
Besides,
the
disappearance
of
its
original
features may mean the disappearance of a period of
history and even the disappearance of its symbol
and identity.
Secondly, the form of traditional
buildings anywhere in the world is influenced by
local climate and geology. Therefore, the
design well suited to local conditions
can save a lot of money. As a small developing
mountainous area near Guiyang, it should
try to take good advantage of its local
resources. Over the centuries, the local materials
have become the raw material used by
sophisticated
and
expert
craftsmen.
If
it
falsely
understood
wanted
to
be
at
any
price,
despised
the
outstanding
features of
its
traditional culture
and
attempted
to
introduce
reinforced
concrete buildings,
it
would
impose great
pressure on its people. In addition,
such buildings require expensive maintenance which
is a heavy burden for its people.
Thirdly, it will take a long period of
time before local people can truly be accustomed
to and appreciate the unconventional,
super-futuristic
buildings.
Having
lived
in
the
traditional
buildings
for
generations,
local
citizens
are
very
likely
to
feel
uncomfortable and uneasy surrounded by
such super-futuristic buildings, let alone to
appreciate them.
To sum up, a good
design should take the city's original cultural
heritage into account and suit to local
conditions. It should
also try to take
advantage of local resources and avoid imposing
unnecessary burden on the local people. Besides,
it is sensible to
build what local
people can accept and feel comfortable with.
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< br>2010
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PART I: LISTENING
COMPREHENSION
—
SECTION
A
MINI-LECTURE
Paralinguistic Features of Language
Good morning, everyone. Today we'll
continue our discussion on describing language.
Last week we examined such features
of
language
as
grammar,
vocabulary,
the
sounds
of
language,
etc.
In
this
lecture,
we'll
look
at
another
important
aspect
of
language. Perhaps some of you may
wonder what is this important aspect of language.
Let me tell you. It refers to features of
communication that take place without
the use of grammar and vocabulary. They are called
These features fall into two broad
categories: those that involve the voice and those
that involve the body.
Now, the first
category, is what we call vocal paralinguistic
features. Vocal features are actually tones of
voice. While they
are,
perhaps,
not
central
to
meaning
in
communication
in
the
same
way
as
grammar
or
vocabulary,
they
may,
nevertheless,
convey attitude or intention in some
way. Let me give you some examples. The first is
whispering, which indicates the needs for
secrecy. The second is breathiness.
This is to show deep emotion. The third is
huskiness, which is to show unimportance. The
fourth is nasality. This is to indicate
anxiety. The last is extra
lip-
rounding, which expresses greater intimacy,
especially with
babies,
for
example.
So
we
can
see
that
there
are
a
number
of
ways
of
altering
our
tone
of
voice.
And
when
we
do
this
consciously, we do it to create
different effects in communication.
Now,
let's
come
to
the
second
category,
physical
paralinguistic
features,
which
involves
the
body.
In
addition
to
convey
meanings with tone of
voice, we can also express our intention through
the ways in which we use our bodies. You may ask:
what
are the ways, then? Let me cite
some brief examples. The expression on our face,
the gestures we make and even proximity or
way we sit, are some of the ways we
send powerful messages about how we feel, or what
we mean. Let me explain some of these
in more detail. First, facial
expression. Facial expression is a powerful
conveyer of meaning. We all know smiling is an
almost
universal signal of pleasure or
welcome. But there are other facial expressions
that may not be so common. For instance, raising
eye-brows suggests that you are
surprised or interested in something. Other facial
actions, such as biting your lip, which indicates
that you are deep in thinking, or are
uncertain about something; compressing the lips,
which show that you are making decisions;
and a visible clenching of the teeth,
to show that you are angry, are all powerful
conveyers of meaning, too. The second in this
category is gesture. You see, we use
gesture to indicate a wide range of meanings.
Though I have to emphasize that the actual
gestures
we
use
may
be
specific
to
particular
cultures.
That
is
to
say,
different
cultures
have
their
own
favorite
gestures
in
conveying meaning. Here,
a few examples may show you how powerful gestures
can be. In British English behavior, shrugging
shoulders may indicate an attitude of
powerfully show you are bored. Waving
can mean welcome and farewell. While scratching
your head may indicate that you are
at
a loss. In other cultures, placing your hand upon
your heart is to indicate that you are telling the
truth. Pointing your finger at
your
nose means
Proximity
refers
to
the
physical
distance
between
speakers.
This
can
indicate
a
number
of
things
and
can
also
be
used
to
consciously send messages about intent.
Closeness, for example, indicates intimacy or
threat to many speakers. But distance may
show formality, or lack of interest.
Once again, I'd like to say, proximity is also
both a matter of personal style, and is often
culture bound. So, what may seem normal
to a speaker from one culture may appear
unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker
from
another.
And
standing
close
to
someone
may
be
quite
appropriate
in
some
situations
such
as
an
informal
party,
but
completely out of place in other
situations, such as a meeting with a superior.
Next, posture. Posture means the way in which
someone holds his or her body,
especially the back, shoulders and head, when
standing, walking or sitting. A few examples.
Hunched shoulders and a hanging head
give a powerful indication of whether the person
is happy or not. A lowered head when
speaking to a superior, with or without
eye contact, can convey the appropriate
relationship in some cultures. On the other hand,
direct level eye contact changes the
nature of interaction, and can been seen as either
open or challenging. Last, echoing. Now,
what is echoing? Let me start with an
example. Some of you may have noticed this
phenomenon in your experience. When two
people are keen to agree with each
other, they would likely, though unconsciously,
adopt the same posture, as if an imitation of
each
other.
They
sit
or
stand
in
the
same
manner.
When
used
in
this
way,
echoing
appears
to
complement
the
verbal
communication. Of
course, when such imitation is carried out
consciously, it often indicates that someone is
marking at another
speaker.
Ok, in today's lecture, we looked at
some paralinguistic features, such as tone of
voice, gesture and posture. These features,
together with linguistic features of
language, like grammar or vocabulary, are all part
of the way we communicate with each other
in face to face encounters. In our next
lecture, we'll watch some video material, and see
how people actually use paralinguistic
means in communication to express their
intention or desire or mood.
SECTION B
INERVIEW
F: The
word diversity has become a cliché
in
the United States today. It seems to me that
nowadays Americans cannot turn on the
television or read a newspaper without
seeing the word pop out somewhere as a description
of American demographic. Then
what
is
this
diversity
in
the
US?
Today
we're
very
pleased
to
have
Dr.
Jeans
Johnson
here
on
our
talk
show.
Welcome
Dr.
Johnson.
M: Thanks!
F: Dr. Johnson, we know you have done
extensive research on diversity. So what is, how
do you define diversity in the American
context?
M:
Well, at one time, the US was called the melting
pot, you know, which means that people of many
different religions, cultures
and races
could share their traditional cultural identities
and blend into one homogenous nation.
F: And am I right in saying that
melting pot was emphasizing the idea of all-in-one
or being the same?
M: Yes, you may say
so. Eh, of course, when the phrase melting-pot was
popular, there was also the idea of being
different. But
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being different then simply meant
Catholic as opposed to protestant or Irish as
opposed to Swedish or Italian.
F: Has
the idea of being different changed over the
years?
M: Yes, of course. You see,
today we use the word diversity to refer to more
visible ethnic differences: Asian American,
African
American and Latino, for
instance. And religious diversity refers to the
variety of world religions, not merely different
branches
of Christianity.
F: And now is America as a whole truly
diverse?
M: Well, I think in all this
talk about diversity, there was a critical point
that may be missed, that is, diversity is not
occurring
everywhere in the US, or at
least not to a degree that would alter the
demography of every region of the country.
F: Oh, really?
M: I can give you an example. Recently
a New York Times article describes the town
Selinsgrove in Pennsylvania. You see in
the last ten years, things have barely
changed at that town. The population has dropped
by one, from 5,384 to 5,383 and the town
remains virtually 100% white. The
article thus concludes that many portions of the
country remain, like Selinsgrove, virtually
unchanged on its march towards
diversity.
F: So regions vary in terms
of the degree and types of diversity?
M: That's correct. Let's say there are
three types of diversity in the US and they differ
from region to region.
F:
Could you elaborate on that?
M: Ok, the
first is racial diversity. States with the most
racially diverse populations stand in stark
contrast to those of the least
racially
diverse populations. Ah, let's look at the two
states, California and Maine. From 1990 to 2000
California's Caucasian
population,
meaning non-Hispanic whites, declined from 57% to
48%. By 2025 it is predicted that figure will drop
to just 34%,
which indicates the future
change in racial composition of California. On the
contrary, Maine's Caucasian population was 98% of
its total population throughout the
1990s, and by 2025 Maine's population will still
be 97% Caucasian, which means virtually no
change in Maine's racial diversity over
the next 20 or so years.
F:
This shows that racial diversity is not occurring
everywhere. Then what about other types of
diversity?
M:
Right. The
second
type of
diversity
is
age
diversity.
There are some
interesting age gaps
developing
between
states.
For
example, there is a large gap between
the average age of the five states with the
youngest populations and the five states with the
oldest populations. This, of course, is
well-known. What is less discussed is the
difference between the racial make-up of younger
and older populations. Most of the
populations having the greatest racial diversity
are younger on average than the populations
with greater Caucasian representation.
It is also well-known that Caucasians tend to be
more affluent than other ethnic groups on
average. In our pay-as-you-go social
security system, workers are taxed to pay the
benefits of retirees. So this could lead to a
future where wealth is systematically
redistributed from younger, poorer minorities to
older, wealthier whites.
F:
This is a very interesting point. Then what is the
third type of diversity in the US?
M:
The third is religious diversity. Immigration from
India, Pakistan and Middle East poured radically
increased numbers of
Hindus and Muslims
to the US, and Chinese, Vietnamese and Japanese
and other Asian immigrants increased the numbers
of
Buddhists.
F:
Oh, I see.
M:
But
the point
is
that
this
religion
didn't
settle
everywhere.
They
settled
mainly
in
California,
and
major northeastern
and
mid-western cities such as New York,
Philadelphia, Chicago and Minneapolis. From 1990
to 2000, the number of Muslims in
New
York City grew from 600,000 to nearly 1 million.
In the Los Angles area, there are now more than
300 Buddhist temples.
F: So we see that
many parts of the US are truly becoming more
diverse while at the same time others are
essentially remaining
the same in terms
of race, age and religion.
M: Yes, that
is true.
F: Ok, Dr.
Johnson, thank you very much for coming on the
show and talking to us.
M: My pleasure!
SECTION C
NEWS
BROADCAST
1.
Japan will start an
aggressive push to market abroad its mobile
technology, especially the nation's popular wallet
phone, a
government official said
Tuesday.
Although Japan
boasts some of the most sophisticated cell phones
in the world, the nation has failed to make its
handsets,
wireless technology and
mobile services hits outside of Japan.
Among the wireless innovations Japan
hopes to peddle is the wallet phone. The
technology relies on a tiny computer chip
embedded
in
each
cell
phone,
which
communicates
with
a
reader
device
at
stores,
train
stations
and
vending
machines
for
cashless payment.
This tiny computer chip was developed
by Japanese electronics and entertainment company
Sony Corp.
2.
Zimbabwe's inflation rate has soared in
the past three months and is now at 11.2 million
percent, the highest in the world.
According to the country's Central
Statistical Office, official figures dated Monday
show inflation has surged from the rate of 2.2
million percent recorded in May,
despite the government's price controls.
The country's finance minister
confirmed the new figure in an interview but said
the rising inflation rate was not confined to
Zimbabwe alone.
In February,
the price of a loaf of bread in the country was
less than 200,000 Zimbabwe dollars. On Monday,
that same loaf
of bread cost 1.6
trillion Zimbabwe dollars.
Analysts
have
said
the
Zimbabwean
government's
official
inflation
rate
figures
are
conservative.
Last
week,
one
of
Zimbabwe's leading banks, Kingdom Bank,
said the country's inflation rate was now more
than 20 million percent.
The locally-
owned bank predicted tougher times ahead for
Zimbabwe in the absence of donor support and
foreign investment
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