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(一)祈使句用法讲解
祈使句指的是表示命令
、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语
you
常省略,谓语动词用
原形,
句末用感叹号或句号,读降调。
1.
肯定的祈使句
(
1
)动词原形
+
其他
Stand up, please. = Please stand up.
请起立。
(
2
)
Be
+ n./adj.
Be a good boy!
要做一个好孩子
!
Be careful! = Look out! =
Take care!
小心
/
当心!
(
3
)
Let
+
宾语
+
动词原形
+
其它成分
Let
me help you.
让我来帮你。
Let
’
s go to
school together.
咱们一起上学去吧。
2.
否定的祈使句
(1) Don't +
动词原形
Don't stand up.
别站起来。
Don't be careless.
别粗心。
Don't let them play with fire.
别让他们玩火。
(2) Let
p>
型的否定式有两种
:
“
Don't + let +
宾语
+
动词原形
+
其它成分”和“
Let +
宾语
+ not +
动词原形
+
其它成分”
。
Don't let him go. / Let him
not go.
别让他走。
Let them not play with fire.
别让他们玩火。
(3) no
开头
,
用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
No smoking!
禁止吸烟
!No fishing!
禁止钓鱼
!
3.
祈使句的强调形式,通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词<
/p>
Do
。
例如:
Do shut up!
快住口!
4.
祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时
,一般用
p>
will
或
won
’
t
。
在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:
1)
形
式一致
(
即
Yes
与
will
保持一致;
No
与
won
’
t
保持一致
)
2)
意思相反
(
即
Yes
是
“不”的意思;
No
是
“是”的意思<
/p>
)
。
在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
如:
---
Don
’
t go out, please.
It
’
s raining heavily
outside.
请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
---- Yes, I will. I have to
meet my brother at the airport.
不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。
(二)易错点讲解
1
、放句首时,要注意
Don
’
t
后面要用动词原形;
2
、当人称后面有标点符号时,要注意是用祈使句还是用三单。
如:
Lucy,
don
’
t be late again.
Lucy, a 17-year-old girl,
is not late again.
3
、祈使句与
or
的搭配,
如:
Hands up, or
we
’
ll shoot.
【趁热打铁】
1. _______ late again, Bill!
1
A. Don't to be
B. Don't be
C.
Not be
D.
Be not
2. _______ cross the road until
the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not
B. Won't
C. Doesn't
D.
Don't
3. Kate, _______ your
homework here tomorrow.
A. bring
B.
brings
C. to bring
D. bringing
4. ________ me the truth, or I'll be
angry.
A.
Telling
B. To tell
C. Told
D. Tell
5 .Her doctor said:
“________ work so hard”
A
Stop
B Don’t
C Can’t
D No
6. Sindy, ________ to be here at 8
o’clock
A is sure
B is sure that
C will be sure
D be sure
7.________ when
you cross the road.
A Do care
B Care
C
Do be careful
D
To be careful
8. ________ in bed. It’s bad for your
eyes.
A Not to read
B Don’t read
C Don’t to read
D Not read
9 ______ tell a lie.
A Hardly
B Not
C No
D Never
(一)
should
用法讲解
1.
用于第一人称疑问句,表征询意见。如:
Should I
open the window?
我可以开窗户吗?
2.
should
表义务,可用于各种句式,通常指将来。
如:
You should do what your
parents tell you.
你应该照你父母的话去做事。
He
should do some work, but he
doesn
’
t want
to.
他应该做些工作,但是他不想做。
也可指现在。如:
You
shouldn
’
t be sitting in the
sun.
你不应该坐在阳光下。
3.
should
表推测,暗含很大的可能。如:
It
’
s 4:30. They
should be in New York by now.
现在是四点半,他们应该到达纽约了。
(二)
had
better
用法讲解
1. had
better
的基本用法特点
其意为
“最好”
、
“应该”
,后接动词原形,
与情态动词
should
用法相似,其中的
had
通常缩
略为
‘
d
。如:
You
’
d better get
some sleep
.你最好去睡一会儿。
We had better go before it rains.
我们最好在下雨前就去。
2.
had better
如何构成否定式和疑问式
构成否定式时,通常将
not
置于
< br>had
better
之后
(<
/p>
而不是
had
之后
)
;而构成疑问式时,则通
常将
ha
d(
而不是
had
better)
置于主语之前。如:
I
’
d better not
disturb him
.我最好别去打扰他。
What had we better do?
我们最好怎么办
?
【注】在否定疑问句或反意疑问句中可将
not
与
p>
had
连用。如:
Hadn
’
t we better
go now?
我们是不是现在就去呢
?
3. had
better
后接进行式
有时后接动词的进行式,表示最好马上做某事如:
I think I
’
d
better be going
.我想我最好还是马上走。
You
’
d better be
getting your clothes ready.
你最好马上把衣服准备好。
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