-
Section 1 Making Friends
, my
name is Bill.
,
I
’
m Mary.
to meet you,
Mary.
.
are you from
’
m from the USA, and
you
,
I
’
m from Finland.
d Where is that
’
s in northern
Europe.
, I
didn
’
t know.
where in the America are
you from
’
m from
Texas. That
’
s in the
south.
,
I
’
ve heard of it.
you really
, it
’
s quite
famous.
Section
2
Around Town
you know this town
well
, I have been here many
times.
many
libraries are there here
are three.
,
that
’
s a lot for a small
town.
, one belongs to the
town.
the other
two
belong to
the university.
anyone use them
.
Only students can use the university
libraries.
can
anyone use the town library
course. I have been going there for
years.
really
you should join the library.
do I do that
gave them your name and
address, and they gave you
a
ticket.
. That sounds
easy.
Section 3
Sir, Madam, Mr., Mrs., Miss and
Ms.
western
countries, many titles are used.
are usually called Mister.
can have
different titles.
woman can choose her title.
she is married, she can
call herself Mrs. or Ms.
a
woman
is
unmarried,
she
can
call
herself
Miss
or
Ms.
when do we use
Sir or Madam
are often used in formal letters.
we hear people
call others Sir or Madam.
一
结识朋友
你好，我叫比尔
你好，我是玛丽
玛丽，见到你很高兴
我也是
你从那里来
我来自美国，你呢
我来自芬兰。
芬兰，在哪儿呢
它在欧洲北部。
噢，我还不知道呢。
那，你来自美国的什么地方
我来自德克萨斯洲。
嗯，我听说过它。
真的吗
当然了，它还挺出名的。
二
周边介绍
你对这个城镇很了解吗
当然了，我到这里很多次了。
这里有几座图书馆呢
有三座。
三座！对一个小镇来说，这相当多了。
没错，一座归镇里所有。
那另外两座呢
它们属大学所有。
任何人都能使用它们吗
不是的。只有学生们才能使用大学图书馆。
人人都使用镇里的图书馆吗
那当然了，几年来我一起都到那里去。
不过你得先加入图书馆。
我该怎么做呢
你报上姓名和住址，他们就会给你一张证。
嗯，听起来挺容易的。
三阁下、女士、先生、太太、小姐
西方，人们常用的称谓有很多。
男士们通常被称作先生。
女士们则可以有不同的称谓。
女士可以选择自己的称谓。
一个已婚的女士，
可以自称为
“太太”
或
“女士”
。
一个未婚的女士，
可以自称为
“小姐”
或
“女士”
。
<
/p>
那么什么时候可以使用“阁下”或“夫人”这样
的称谓。
它们常用于正式的信函中。
有时，我们会听见人们称呼他人为“
SIR
”
（先
. They are
formal terms and very polite.
how do we know when to use
them
, if you
don
’
t know people, you can
use those terms.
is considered too polite.
people would think so, but
don
’
t worry about it.
people
don
’
t mind if you guess.
Section 4
Going Places
can be very exciting.
people like to travel.
think travel is
expensive.
need
not be so.
can
travel by many ways.
is a form of travel.
can be very interesting.
enables us to
see many things in detail.
can travel by plane, bus, train or car.
we travel that
way, we get to places quickly.
, we don
’
t see
things so deeply.
bicycle is a quicker way to travel than
walking.
bicycle, we can still see things in
detail.
can
stop easier and examine what we find interesting.
all types of travel are
interesting.
Section 5
In the Home
are many kinds of rooms in
a house.
bedroom
is where we sleep.
the kitchen we cook our
meals.
the
dining room, we eat the food we have
cooked.
are used
for relaxing.
houses have a study.
study is like an office at
home.
bathroom
is where we wash.
bathrooms have a bath.
bathrooms have a
shower.
bathrooms have a toilet.
houses have more than one
bathroom.
bedrooms can make a part of a
house.
house can
also have a garden.
garden may have a small house called a
shed.
Section 6
Cities, Towns and Villages
city is really just a large
town.
town is
just a large village.
small village without any shops is
called a hamlet.
hamlet may have only a few
houses.
生）或“
MADAM
”（女士）。
没错，它们是非常正规和有礼貌的称呼。
那么，我们如何知道什么时候使用它们呢
这么说吧，
如果你对对方不是很了解
，
你可以使
用那些称谓。
这样做太多礼了。
有些人也许会这么想，但不必为此太操心。
如果你猜测的话，大多数人是不会介意的。
四
外出
旅游非常有趣。
很多人喜欢旅游。
人们觉得旅游挺花钱的。
事实未必如此。
旅游的方式多种多样。
走路是一种旅游方式。
它可以是非常有趣的。
走路让我们能够仔细地观察很多事物。
我们非唯心乘飞机、乘公共汽车、乘火车、乘汽
车旅游。
如果我们用上
述的方式旅游，
我们可以较快地到
达目的地。
< br>
然而，这样做我们不能很仔细地观看事物。
骑车旅游比走路快一些。
骑车时我们仍然可以较详细地观看许多事物。
我们可以很方便地停下来，
看一看我
们感兴趣的
东西。
但是所有的旅游方式都是有趣的。
五
在家里
一座房子里有很多种房间。
卧室是我们睡觉的地方。
我们在厨房里烧菜和做饭。
我们在餐厅里就餐。
客厅是休闲的场所。
有些房子里有一个书房。
书房就像是设在家里的办公室。
盥洗室是洗刷的地方。
有些浴室里有澡盆。
其它浴室里有冲凉设备。
大多数浴室里有马桶。
有些房子里的卫生间不只一间。
几间卧室组成了房间的一个部分。
房子里也可以有花园。
花园里可能有亭子之类的小房子。
六
城市、城镇、乡村
城市其实是一座大城镇。
城镇只是一个大乡村。
没有任何商店的乡村被称为小村子。
一个村子里也许只有几座房子。
village will contain a few
shops and several houses.
have lots and lots of
people.
have
fewer people.
and hamlets have even fewer
people.
England,
every city has a cathedral.
cathedral is a large church.
European countries also
have cathedrals.
have several churches.
village will often have at
least one church.
hamlet may or may not have a
church.
are
an
important
part
of
cities,
towns,
villages
and
一个乡村会有几家店铺和几座房子。
城市里有很多很多人。
城镇的人比较少。
乡村里的人更少。
在英国，每个城市都有一座大教堂。
大教堂是一座大的教堂。
一些欧洲国家也有教堂。
城镇里有很多教堂。
通常一个乡村至少会有一座教堂。
一个小村子可能有也可能没有教堂。
hamlets.
Section
7
In the Garden
houses have
gardens.
gardens
are not just for houses.
towns and cities have public
gardens.
gardens
can have several uses.
use them to grow things.
the climate is right,
people like to have lawns.
are areas of grass.
grass will be kept, cut and
neat.
are
popular in gardens too.
make the garden beautiful.
people use gardens to grow
food.
are
popular, but so is fruit.
gardens usually
don
’
t have vegetables and
fruit.
have
trees, bushes, lawns and flowers.
s are to relax in a beautiful
environment.
Section 8
Playing Games
many games can you think
of
, that depends on what
kinds of games you mean.
kind.
, there are
all kinds of sports.
what
football, swimming, tennis
etc.
. Those games are for
outdoors.
swimming and tennis are not.
’
re right, but what about
indoor games
table tennis, badminton and
volleyball.
. But those need
special places.
do you mean
, you
can
’
t play them at
home.
, you mean games like
chess, drafts and cards.
,
they are games too.
Section
9
Types of Work
does your father
do
is a
teacher.
does he
teach
教堂是城市、城镇、乡
村的一个重要组成部分。
七
在花园里
许多房子带有花园。
但是并不只是房子才会有花园。
许多城镇和城市有公共花园。
私家花园有许多用途。
人们在此种植东西。
如果气候合适，人们会种草坪。
草坪是一片绿草。
草必须及时修剪整齐。
人们也常在花园里种花。
它们使花园更美。
有些人在花园里种植食物。
花园里，蔬菜和水果也都很常见。
公共花园里没有蔬菜和水果。
它们有树、灌木丛、草坪和花。
<
/p>
花园可以让（人们）在一个优美的环境里放松。
八
玩游戏
你能想出几种游戏的名称
那要看你指的是什么类型的游戏。
什么都可以。
那，体育运动的种类可多了。
比如什么呢
象足球、游泳、网球等。
没错，那些是户外运动。
有时游泳和网球不是（在户外）。
你说的没错，那室内运动呢
象乒乓球、羽毛球和排球吗
没错。但那些运动需要特殊的场所。
你的意思是什么
这么说吧，这些运动不能在家里进行。
那你指的是象棋、跳棋和打牌这样的游戏。
对，它们也是游戏。
九
工作类型
你父亲做什么
他是一位老师。
他教什么
.
your mother work
, she is a doctor.
the hospital
, and your parents
father is an
engineer.
your
mother
was once
a secretary in a factory.
sister is a soldier.
, my brother will be going into the
army.
,
they
’
ll both be in the
army.
. And I have another
brother who has been in the navy.
Section 10
Different Kinds of Eating
like
restaurants.
kind of restaurants
food, of course.
, but there are many kinds of
restaurants.
what
, there are
fancy restaurants.
mean expensive ones
. And there are cheap ones
too.
fast food
restaurants.
, yes. But not
all cheap ones are fast food.
McDonald
’
s and
Kentucky Fried Chicken.
usually call that one KFC.
about
Caf
é
’
s Are they
restaurants
are,
if they serve food.
their menus are usually
limited.
Section 11
Time
are three different ways of telling the
time.
can say,
for example, three fifteen (3:15).
we can say a quarter past
three (3:15).
can also say zero three fifteen hours
(03:15).
’
s if it
is 3:15 am.
it
is 3:15 pm, we say fifteen fifteen hours
(15:15).
call
that the 24-hour clock.
it is 3:45, we can say that.
we can say a quarter to
four (3:45).
:35 becomes
twenty-five to four.
can say five past three
(3:05).
can
’
t say six
past three (3:06).
must say six minutes past three
(3:06).
it is
not 5, 10, 20, 25, 35, 40, 50 or 55, then we must
add minutes.
it
really
doesn
’
t
matter
which
we
use
if
others
understand us.
Section 12
Different Values
and measures are different in different
countries.
数学。
你母亲工作吗
当然，她是一名医生。
在医院吗
是的。那你的父母呢
我父亲是一位工程师。
你的母亲呢
她曾经在工厂里当秘书。
我姐姐是一名战士。
噢，我哥哥就要入伍了。
那他们都将在军队里。
没错，我的另一位兄弟已经参加海军了。
十
各种不同的饮食
我喜欢餐厅。
什么样的餐厅呢
当然是吃饭的地方。
嗯，但是有很多种餐厅呀。
比如说
嗯，有……好的餐厅。
你指的是贵的那些。
是的，但也有便宜的。
象快餐店吗
没错，但不是所有便宜的都是快餐店。
比如麦当劳、肯得基。
我们通常称那种是“
KFC
”
咖啡厅呢它们是餐厅吗
有些是，如果它们提供食物的话。
但是它们菜谱的种类很有限。
十一
时间
有三种不同的报时方法。
我们以
3
点
15
分为例，打个比方。
我们可以说三点过一刻。
我们也可以说
3
点过
5
分。
那是早上
3
点
15
分时的说法。
如果是下午
3
：
15
分，我们则说
15
点
15
分。
我们称之为
24
小时计时制。
如果是
3
点
45
分，我们可以
那样说。
或者，我们也可以说四点差一刻。
3
点
35
分可
以说差
25
分四点。
我们可以说
3
点过
5
分。
我们不能说
3
点过
6
分。
我们应该说
3
点
6
分。
如果分钟不是
5
、
10
、
20
、
25
、
35
、
40
、
50
、或
< br>55
我们必须加上分钟。
但不管用什么方式，只要别人能听懂就行了。
十二
不同的计量方式
不同的国家使用不同计量和丈量方法。
call the different systems
decimal and imperial.
countries use the decimal
system.
’
s a
system that uses units of ten to count and
measure.
imperial system came from England and
is still used in
some
countries.
will
have changed to the decimal system by the end of
我们称不同的系统为“十进制”和“英制”
大多数国家采用十进制系统。
这是十进制的计量计量系统。
英制系统来自英国，许多国家仍然采用这种方
法。
在未来十年内，英国
将变成采用十进制系统
（的
the
decade.
imperial
countries are changing to decimal.
uses the imperial system
for weights and measures.
America uses decimal for
money.
use
pounds and ounces for weight.
decimal system uses grams
and kilograms.
imperial system uses inches, feet,
yards and miles for
measuring
length.
decimal
system uses millimeters, centimeters, meters
and kilometers.
the
imperial
system,
pints,
quarts
and
gallons
measure liquids and
fluids.
decimal
system uses liters.
Section
13
Libraries
towns and cities have a
library.
are
available to everyone.
think that libraries are just for
books.
are
wrong.
modern
libraries, you can borrow many things.
,
of
course,
are
what
people
expected
to
find
in
libraries.
you know, however, that you
can also borrow music
, many
libraries will lend CDs and records.
libraries will also lend
computer programs.
you know why we have
libraries
is
to
enable
those
who
can
not
afford
to
buy
books
etc. to have access to
them.
, they are not just
used by poor people.
kinds of people use them, from children
to professors,
poor to rich.
would
be
almost
impossible
for
you
or
me to collect
so many books
and CDs.
libraries can be said to be very useful
places.
Section 14
Cinema, Theater
’
s the difference between a
cinema and a theater
are generally for live
performances.
are for recorded shows.
are live
performances
are
where
there
are
people
on
the
stage
actually
performing there and then.
what sort of performances
can we expect
国家）。
许多采用英制系统的国家正改为采用十进制系
统。
美国采用英制系统计重和计量。
但是美国在货币上，则采用十进制系统。
美国用磅和盎司计重。
十进制系统以克或千克为单位。
英制系统用英寸、英尺、码和英里来丈量长度。
十进制以毫米、厘米不、米、千米来丈量长度。
英制系统以品托、夸托、加伦等为量度单位。
十进制系统以升为量度单位。
十三
图书馆
多数城镇和城市都有图书馆。
任何人都可以到图书馆去。
人们认为图书馆只与书本有关。
他们错了。
在现代图书馆里你可以借到许多东西。
伏低做小当然希望可以从图书馆里借到书本。
你知道，你还能从图书馆里借到音乐（资料）吗
是的，许多图书馆出借
CD
和录音带。
一些图书馆也会出借电脑程序。
你知道，为什么我们会有图书馆吗
这是为了让那些买不起这么多书的人有机会读
到这些书。
然而，他们并不只是为穷人而设的。
各种各样的人，儿童、教授、穷人、富人都可以
使用图书馆。<
/p>
无论你还是我，
都不太可能去搜集这么多的书和
CD
。
可以说图书馆是非常有用的地方。
十四
电影院
歌剧院
电影院和歌剧院有什么不同
歌剧院是现场表演的，
电影院则播放录制的表演。
什么是现场表演
就是舞台上有真实的人在表演。
那我们能看什么样的表演呢
can
be acting of plays, you know, drama, comedy
etc.
else
, there can
be musical performances by solo artists or
by bands.
I see classical concert at a
theater
, some theaters are
used for that.
are different then
, cinemas usually show
movies.
these
are not live.
’
s
right, they were recorded on film long before you
see
你知道有可能是话剧，歌剧或戏剧等。
还有吗
当然，也有可能是独奏音乐表演或是乐队合奏。
我能在剧院里欣赏到古典音乐会吗
可以的，某些剧院会有这样的演出。
那么，电影院就有所不同的了
是的，电影院通常放映电影。
而且他们不是现场的。
没错，
你在电影院观看他们之前，<
/p>
这些影像已经
it in the
cinema.
don
’
t know which
I prefer.
they
are equally as good as each other.
Section 15
Flying
usually fly in aeroplane.
there are different kinds
of machines for flying in.
general term for machines we fly in is
aircraft.
types
most people use for travel are called passenger
aircraft.
aeroplanes are used for transporting
goods.
we term
as transport aircraft.
are used by both the military and by
private citizens.
, some
aircraft are only used by the military.
military is the army, navy
and airforce.
just the airforce use
aircraft.
military aircraft are used for fighting
or defense.
, however, are
used for transport.
provide food etc. for the armed
forces.
aircraft
fly from ships called aircraft
carriers.
space
rockets can be called aircraft.
Section 16
Supermarkets
happens in a supermarket
, first, you will pick up a basket or a
trolley.
’
s the
difference between a basket and a
trolley
basket
is used for just a little shopping.
trolley has wheels and is
used when we have a lot to
buy.
when
we
have
chosen
which
we
want,
we
go
shopping.
supermarkets have food from all around
the world.
food
is
arranged
in
sections
containing
similar
foods
and
supplies.
walk
up
and
down
the
sections
choosing
what
you
want.
big supermarkets, the choice can be
very large.
can
buy
clothes
and
household
items
in
some
supermarkets.
you have finished, you go to the
checkout.
早就录制在胶片上了。
不知道我该选择什么。
也许他们各有各的好处。
十五
飞行
我们通常乘坐飞机飞行。
但是，还有许多可载人飞行的机器。
一般说来，我们乘坐的飞行器叫做“飞机”。
大多数人旅行乘坐的机型叫做“客机”。
类似的飞机也用于运输货物。
我们通常称这些类型为运输机。
直升机不仅军用也做私用。
然而有些飞机只用于军事上。
军队指的是陆军、海军、空军。
不仅空军才使用飞机。
大多数军用飞机用来作战或防御。
还有很大一部分是用于运输的。
他们为军队运输食品等。
有些船能让飞机起降，它们是航空母舰。
宇宙飞船也是飞行器。
十六
超市
在超市里该怎么办呢
首选，得选一个篮子或一辆推车。
篮子和推车有什么不同
购买的物品较少，可用篮子。
推车有轮子，用于选购较多的商品。
选择了所需东西之后，我们就去购物。
现代超市汇集了世界各地的食品。
食品按相同种类和需求分类排放。
人们在各种分类间走动，选购所需的物品。
大超市里的选择余地更大。
在一些超市里，不能买到服装和家庭用品。
买完之后就可以到收银台去。
you take all your shopping
out of the basket or trolley.
checkout
person
will
then
put
the
items
across
a
machine.
machine tells you how much
to pay.
Section 17
Children
from all around the world
are basically the same.
needs are similar wherever they
live.
course
they need food, parents and love.
,
as
children
grow
older,
their
needs
may
differ
在这里，
你就从篮子或推车里取出所
购的全部物
品。
这时，收银员会把所购的商品居收银机里。
收银机会显示必须付的款额。
十七
儿童
世界各地的儿童基本上是一样的。
无论在那里，他们的需求是相似的。
当然，他们需要食物、父母和关爱。
然而长大之后，
他们的需求会因为文
化不同而有
according to their
culture.
some
countries, children go to school from the age of
three.
other cultures, children may never go
to school at all.
they are babies, they all eat or drink
milk.
they are
older, their food becomes the same as their
parents.
naturally is different in different
parts of the world.
the
west,
children
learn
to
use
knives
and
forks
and
spoons.
the east, they use chopsticks and
spoons.
will
leave school and start work at different
ages.
education
will
depend
on
many
things
including
cultural
background.
does
not
matter
if
they
are
from
east
or
west,
most
people think children
are beautiful.
is a shame it changes as they get
older.
Section 18
Music
people say that music is
the universal language.
bridges culture better than language
does.
everyone
in the world knows about classical
music.
music
is
the
kind
written
by
Beethoven,
Bach,
Wagner, Tchaikovsky etc.
composers came from
different countries.
their music spread around the
world.
we can
buy all kinds of music to listen to.
music,
also
called
pop
music,
generally
appeals
to
teenagers.
,
jazz,
blues,
opera,
soul
and
folk
music
are
specialest
kinds of
music.
, they can appeal to
all kinds of people in all countries.
the 1960s and 1970s, the
Beatles from England were
the most
famous musicians.
music influenced young people around
the world.
they
no
longer
create
music
like
Beethoven
etc.,
the
Beatles
’
music is
still loved and performed.
所差别。
在某些国家，儿童三岁上学。
在一些文化国度里，孩子们也许永远都不去上
学。
< br>
婴儿时期，他们都吃奶或喝奶。
长大后，他们的食物就和父母相同。
这自然而然地随居住区的不同而有差异。
西方国家的孩子们学习使用刀、
*<
/p>
和勺子。
在东方国家，他们则使用筷子和勺子。
孩子们离开学校开始工作的年龄因人而异。
他们的教育取决于许多因素，包括文化背景等。
无论东方或西方，大多数人都认为儿童是美好
的。
遗憾的是长大后，事情就变了。
十八
音乐
有人说音乐是环球语言。
音乐比语言能更好地进行文化交流。
几乎世界上所有人都知道古典音乐。
古典音乐指的是贝多芬、巴哈、瓦格纳、柴可夫
斯基等人的作品。
这些作曲家们来自不同的国家，
但是他们的音乐传播到世界各地。
现在，我们可以买到各种不同的音乐来听。
流行音乐也叫“热门音乐”，对年轻人很有吸引
力。
摇滚、爵士、布鲁
斯、歌剧、灵魂乐和传统音乐
都属特种音乐。
然而，他们却吸引着世界各国不同阶层的人们。
60
年代和
70
年代，来自
英国披头士是最著名的
音乐人。
他们的音乐对世界各国的青年人有很大的影响。
和贝多芬一样，虽然披头士们不再进行音乐创
作，他们的音乐仍然深受人们的
喜爱，并且还在
各地演出。
there is such a wide variety of music
to choose from,
现在，
< br>人们对音乐的选择多种多样，甚至不知何
that it seems
difficult.
maybe
best to try all the different kinds
available.
we
can buy and enjoy the ones we like
most.
Section 19
Famous Writers
countries produce a few famous
writers.
writers
can you think of from your country
many writers do you know
from other countries
many are 20th century
writers
we know
the old writers best.
China, everyone has heard of
Shakespeare.
was
an Englishman, but he died in 1616.
for 400 years, people have
remembered Shakespeare.
about American writers
you know which are American
and which are British
it is difficult to know.
most
of
the
famous
writers
before
the
20th
century
were British.
has produced some very famous writers
too.
of the
Russian writers are famed for their passion and
romance in their books.
also has produced some
great writers.
China
Section 20
Famous Musicians
many musical instruments
can you think of
you
named
anyone
famous
for
playing
what
you
chose
many are from the 20th
century
then,
most famous musicians were also
composers.
were
more famous than the players.
that the case
today
of
famous
musicians
before
the
20th
century
played
in
orchestras.
, many of the
most well-known musicians belong to the
rock and pop world.
they create their own
music, are they also composers
,
they
are.
But
their
work
is
different
to
that
of
Beethoven
etc.
Michael
Jackson as famous as Beethoven
his work last as
long
musicians
and composers usually do not stay famous
for more than a year or two.
’
s fame is often short
lived.
the
famous will earn lots and lots of
money.
is
interesting
to
compare
musicians
like
Beethoven
and Michael Jackson.
is difficult to say which
is the best because they are so
所适从。
也许最好的方式是尝试各种能接触到的不同类
型。
然后我们可以去购买和欣赏我们最喜欢的。
十九
著名作家
大多数国家都有会有几位著名的作家。
你能说出几位自己国家的作家呢
你认识其它国家的作家呢
是二十世纪的作家呢
也许我们对老作家比较了解。
在中国，人人都听说过莎士比亚。
他是英国人，卒于
1616
年。
400
年来，人们都记得莎士比亚。
那美国作家呢
你知道谁是美国作家，谁是英国作家吗
有时难以辨认，
但是二十世纪前著名的作家大都是英国人。
俄罗斯也有一些非常著名的作家。
俄罗斯作家的作品洋溢着激情和浪漫。
法国也有一些伟大的作家。
中国呢
二十
著名音乐家
你知道几种乐器呢
你能说出一位你知道的乐器的著名演奏家吗
几位是二十世纪的呢
在那之前，大多数著名的音乐家都是作曲家。
作曲家比演奏家更出名－
现在还这样吗
二十世纪之前的著名音乐家大都在乐队里演出。
现在，
许多出名的音乐人都是摇滚乐和浒音乐圈
的。
如果他们自己创作音乐，
他们能称作是作曲家吗
是的，
他们是。
但是他们的作品与贝多芬等的作
品不同。
迈克尔
.
杰克逊
和贝多芬一样著名吗
他的作品也能有相同的生命力吗
<
/p>
现在的音乐家和作曲家受欢迎的时间很少超过
一年的。
现在的名词都是短暂的，
但成名者却有大利可图。
把贝多芬和杰克逊作比较非常有趣。
委很难说谁比较好，因为他们太不相同了。
different.
one
was
famous
because
they
gave
the
public
the
right thing at the right
time.
Section 21
Television
many hours a day do you watch
television
many
modern
western
countries,
the
average
is
4
hours per day.
people think it is too much, do you
agree
are the
benefits of watching TV
impact since it became popular is
tremendous.
is
only since the second half of the 20th century
that it
人人都是著名的，
因为他们满足了不同时代不同
人的需要。
二十一
电视
你每天看几个小时电视
现代许多西方国家，每天平均四小时。
许多人认为这太多了，你同意吗
看电视有什么好处
自从电视流行以来，它的影响是巨大的。
在西方，只是到了
20
世纪中叶，综才普及到大
became available to
most people in the west.
China it is less than that.
now it is so popular that
it can be seen every where.
do most people like to watch on
TV
, it can be different
according to their age.
, of
course, are popular.
is the news and the weather
reports.
operas
are also very popular in deed.
soaps as we call them have
been running for over 40
years.
some
soaps
from
your
own
country
’
s
television
networks.
,
due
to
satellite
broadcasting,
we
are
able
to
get
programs from all over
the world.
Europe, for example, people can see
CCTV.
you know
that
Section 22
Radio
television
became
popular,
people
thought the
radio
would not survive.
we all know today, that was
wrong.
fact,
most
people
in
the
west
listen
to
radio
more
than they watch TV.
you believe that
, they listen in the morning when they
are getting ready
to go to
work.
listen
when they are driving their cars.
listen when they are
walking in the street.
we see people with walkmans.
we
don
’
t know if they are
listening to radio or to their
own
music.
many many
years, we learned about new music only
from the radio.
perhaps television programs like MTV
are taking over.
you heard of the BBC and VOA
you probably know these
from learning English.
students
in
China
use
the
radio
to
help
them
study
多数人。
中国，电视普及的时间稍晚些，
但是，现在，随处可见。
人们想从电视上看到什么
不同年龄的人有不同的需要。
电视剧，理所当然非常流行，
新闻和天气预报也很流行。
肥皂剧，它也很受欢迎。
我们称之为“肥皂剧”的某些剧目，已经流行三
十多年了。
说出一些你们国家电视上肥皂剧的名称。
现在，
借助卫星通讯，
我们可以接收到世界各地
的节目。
比如，
在欧洲，
人们可以收看到中国中央电视台
的节目。
你知道吗
二十二
广播
电视开始流行时，人们认为广播将无法生存。
正如今天我们看到的，那是错误的。
事实上，在西方，大多数人听广播比看电视多。
你相信吗
早晨，准备上班时，他们听广播。
他们开车时听。
有些人走路时听。
有时，我们看见有人带着“随身听”，
但不知他们是听广播还是听他们自己的音乐。
多年以来，人们只能从广播上听到新的音乐。
现在，
这个作用也许正被电视上的<
/p>
MTV
取代了。
你听说过
BBC
或
VOA
吗
也许你在学习英语时认识了他们。
许多中国学生听广播学语言。
language.
there
are
television
stations
like
CCTV9
which
can
尽管也有诸如中央电视台第九频道这样的帮助，
help,
radios are cheap to buy and easy to carry
around.
但收音机比较便宜，也比较容易携带。
radio still has some
advantages over television.
Section 23
Newspapers
is it called a newspaper
it contains news of
course.
Modern
newspapers
contain
much
more
than
just
这么说来，
与电视相比，收音机还是有一定优势
的。
二十三
报纸
它为什么被称作报纸
当然因为它包含了新闻。
news.
have competitions and puzzles and
advice.
are one
of the oldest forms of mass
communication.
are printed in virtually every language
in the world.
find their way into almost every home
in the world.
print pictures in color
today.
are more
like magazines than newspapers.
page
news
is
a
term
from
newspapers,
which
has
come
into our daily language.
to think of all the kinds of newspapers
there are,
about
company
newspapers,
local
newspapers,
national and
international financial newspapers
are too many to know them
all.
we can know
the importance of newspapers.
many uses do you know for
old newspapers
Section 24
School
like school, I hate
school.
do
people feel like that.
are you, a lover or a hater
you or did you enjoy school
and learning
what makes a school good or
bad
it is the
teachers.
you
have
good
caring
teachers,
you
will
enjoy
learning.
is it the classmates that make it good
or bad
do we
spend so many years at school
should prepare us for our
adult life.
your
school successful at doing that
can have very strong ideas
about what school should
and
shouldn
’
t do.
schools
are
to
prepare
us
for
adult
life
or
further
education, they are
important.
it
maybe
just
a
matter
of
luck
if
we
get
to
a
good
school or not.
luck, however, can change our whole
life.
Section 25
University
people do not go to
university.
say
it is only the lucky ones who go there.
we all will agree that to
go to university is special.
然而，现代报纸所包含的内容远不只是新闻。
他们有竞赛题、填词魔方和建议。
它们是大众传播最古老的方式。
几乎世界上的每一种语言都有报纸。
世界上几乎每个家庭都有报纸。
现在，有些报纸的图片是彩色的。
有些与其说是报纸，不如说更像杂志。
“首页新闻”
是一个报纸用语，
它已成为我们的
日常用语。
试着想想各种不同的报纸。
公司内部报纸、
地方报纸、
国内及国际新闻报纸，
怎么呢
太多了，实在无法全都了解。
但我们知道报纸的重要性。
你知道旧报纸有几种用途吗
二十四
学校
我喜欢学校，我讨厌学校。
为什么人们会有这种感受呢
你是哪一种爱者还是讨厌者
你现在或是以前喜欢上学学习吗
那学校的好坏是什么决定的呢
也许是老师。
如果你有关心你的好老师，你会喜欢学校的。
或者是同学决定学校的好与坏
为什么我们在学校花那么多年的时间
为我们的成年生活做准备吗
你的学校在这方面做得成功吗
人们对学校该做和不该做的事情都非常明确吗
不论从为我们的成年做准备的角度，
或是从继续
教育的角度来看，学校都很重要。
所以，至于你能否上好学校，只能看运气了。
也许就是这点运气，会改变我们的一生。
二十五
大学
大多数人没有上大学。
有人说只有幸运者才能上大学。
也许，我们都认为能上大学是特殊的。
you heard of Cambridge,
Oxford, Harvard, Stanford
universities become world
famous.
often
produce famous men and women.
become leaders in politics,
business, science and art.
university is not just about
learning.
is
here where people make life long
friends.
university,
people
make
decisions
that
affect
their
whole lives.
produce
medicines
and
science,
technology
and
research that can benefit human
kind.
universities are so big that they are
like a whole town.
你听说过剑桥、牛津、哈佛、斯坦福吗
有些大学是举世闻名的。
大学常会涌现出有名望的男男女女。
他们成为政治、商业、科学和艺术界的领导。
但是大学不仅仅是学习。
人们在这里结识了终生的朋友。
大学时代，人们作出的决定将影响他的一生。
大学产生了对人类有益的医药、
科学
和技术等各
项科研活动。
有些大学大得象一座城。
call this a campus.
not all universities are
campus universities.
are spread around a city or a town and
do not group
everyone together in the
same place.
they
are, they all play an important part in the
present
and future of the
world.
Section 26
Electricity
we
try
to
think
of
the
most
important
inventions,
electricity will surely be on the
list.
the last
100 years, it has played an important part in
the development of the modern
world.
affects
everyone
’
s life in one way
or another.
is
probably
present
the
moment
we
are
born
and
it
stays with us throughout
our lives.
the
electricity goes off, we call it a power
cut.
power
cuts
in
cities
can
have
disastrous
results
for
commerce and for
life.
to think
of all the things, organizations etc. that truly
depend on electricity.
fact, it is probably more
difficult to think of those not
dependent on it.
also
call
electricity
power,
which
shows
how
important it is.
could say that we take electricity for
granted.
the
modern world, the making of electricity is a major
concern.
production can harm our
environment.
of
this,
scientists
and
engineers
are
researching
new
ways of making it.
it, our lives will change
dramatically.
it
is unlikely to be for the better.
Section 27
Environment
exactly is the environment
’
s the world around
us.
mean the sky
and trees and things like that.
, yes. But it can be even closer to
home.
fact, your
home is an environment.
我们称之为“大学城”，
但不是所有的大学都能形成大学城的规模。
有些大学的校园并没有把每个人都集中在同一
地点，而是分布在城镇的各个不同的地点。
无论在哪里，
现在还是将来，
他们将起重要的
作
用。
二十六
电力
如果让我们想一想什么是最重要的发明，
电一定
榜上有名。
在过去的一百年里，
它在现代社会的发展过程中
扮
演了十分重要的角色。
它以这样那样的方式影响着人们的生活。
现在，也许从出生开始，电就伴随我们一生。
如果断电了，我们称之为“能量断了”。
城市里大规模的断电会给商业及日常生活带来
灾难性的后果。
想一想，那些完全依赖于电的机构等。
事实上，要想到一些不依赖电的东西更难。
我们也把电称为能量，其重要性由此可见。
可以说我们对电熟视无睹。
现代社会，发电是非常重要的一件事。
电的生产过程对环境有害。
因此，科学家和工程师们正探索新的发电途径。
没有了电，人们的生活会发生巨大变化。
但不会变得更好。
二十七
环境
到底什么是环境
是我们周围的世界。
你指的是天空、树木等等。
没错，但可以说它更接近我们的家。
实际上，你的家也是一个环境。
it is anything
that is around us, yah
. But
most people today think of it as
nature.
’
s what I
thought at first.
,
it
has
become
very
important
today
to
think
of
the
natural
environment.
that
because
we
are
afraid
of
what
is
happening
in
nature
.
It
is
really
only
in
the
last
50
years
that
we
have
realized
what
harm
we
are
causing
to
the
natural
那么，就是指我们周围的一切吗
是的，但现在大多数人认为环境就是大自然。
一开始，我也这么想。
嗯，
现在人们对自然环境的关注已经
显得十分重
要地。
是不是因为我们都担心大自然发生的变化
没错，只是到了近
50
年我们才真正认识到我们
environment.
the damage was started long
before that, wasn
’
t
it
suppose
it
’
s
started
with
industrial
revolution
about
300 years
ago.
’
s not very
long, if you think how old the world
is.
.
But
most
of
the
environmental
damage
had
been
increasing dramatically over the past
100 years.
. But now we are
aware of it, we are doing our best to
rectify it.
Section 28
Acid
Rain
years ago,
no one talked about acid rain.
we
didn
’
t really know the harm
it was causing to the
world.
almost
every
adult
and
school
child
is
aware
of
acid
rain and
its effects.
affects people all around the
world.
those
who
are
not
responsible
for
its
creation
suffer
from it.
is caused mostly by the
burning of fossil fuels.
fuels
are
coal,
gas,
oil
and
peat
and
create
carbon
when they are
burned.
is both
necessary and dangerous in our world.
and trees need carbon
dioxide, CO2, to breeze.
monoxide, CO, however, is poisonous to
us.
carbon and
other elements get into the air, they mix
with water in the clouds.
clouds move around the
world and produce rain.
rain is like an acid and it destroys
trees, plants, rivers
and fish when it
falls.
more
trees
it
destroys,
the
more
difficult
it
is
for
nature to
redress the balance.
burning of fossil fuels must be
controlled in order to
assist in the
prevention of acid rain.
Section 29
Global Warming
people say the earth is getting
warmer.
blame
something called greenhouse gasses.
greenhouse
gasses
destroy
the
higher
atmosphere
that keeps our
planet from getting too hot.
are the gasses that cause
one of the biggest problems
对自然环境的破坏。
但危害的产生远比这个时间更久，不是吗
我认为它大约始于
300
年前的工业苦命时期。
与地球的年龄相比，这不算太久远。
说得对，
几乎所有的环境破坏老师近百年来才开
始不断加剧的。
是的，<
/p>
但是现在我们已经意识到这一点，
并正在
设法挽救。
二十八
酸雨
50
年前，没人谈论酸雨。
那时，我们没有真正了解它对世界的危害。
现在，
几乎所有成年人和学生都认识
到酸雨及其
危害性。
它对全世界的人都有影响。
即使那些与其产生无关的人。也被其所累。
它大都是由于燃烧化石燃料而致的。
化石燃料指的是煤、天然气、石油和煤，它们燃
烧时会产生碳。
在我们这个世界上，碳既有用也有害。
植物和树木需要呼吸二氧化碳。
一氧化碳却对我们有害。
碳和其他的元素进入空气时，
便与云
层里的水分
混合。
云在空气中漂浮，并产生雨。
落下的雨呈酸性，破坏了树木、植物、河流及鱼
类。
树木被破坏得越多，
大自
然就越不容易重新取得
平衡。
为了防止酸雨，必须控制燃烧矿物燃料。
二十九
全球的暖化
有人说地球正在变暖。
人们把它归结为“温室效应”。
<
/p>
温室效应破坏了保护我们地球
（以免地球）
应得
太热的高空大气层。
氟氯化碳是导致全球变暖的主要气体。
in global warming.
destroy
some
of
the
ozone
that
is
in
the
higher
atmosphere.
ozone layer helps us by filter out some
of the harmful
ultraviolet rays from
the sun.
rays
can cause skin cancer in humans.
rays can also help to heat
up our planet.
the
polar
ice
caps,
we
now
have
holes
in
the
ozone
layer.
, people
believe, contribute to
world
’
s global
warming.
of its
effects could have is to speed up the melting of
氟氯化碳破坏了高空的部分臭氧层。
臭氧层过滤了阳光中的部分有害的紫外线。
这些射线会使人致癌。
这些射线也会使我们的星球升温。
在两极的冰川地带，人们发现了臭氧层的破洞。
人们认为这些是因为地球变暖导致的。
the polar ice caps.
these
melt
too
quickly,
the
level
of
the
sea
will
rise
too fast for us to control
it.
effect
of
a
rise
in
the
height
of
the
sea
will
be
dramatic.
of the world
’
s
major cities will be under sea water.
,
global
warming
can be
very
dangerous to
our future
environment.
Section 30
Climate Change
Nino,
which
is
not
an
English
name,
is
playing
an
important part in our
lives.
often
hear people talk about the strange weather we
are having nowadays.
changing
weather
patterns
are
not
fully
understood
yet.
Nino is one which is not clear in
scientist
’
s
minds.
is a sort
of warming of the seas that move around the
earth.
strange weather phenomenon are blamed
on El Nino.
this
may not be the real case.
warming,
the
depletion
of
the
ozone
layer,
acid
rain
etc. can all have an
effect upon the weather.
are these effects that everyone is
talking about
storms are appearing in non-tropical
areas.
parts of
the world are heating up too much and crops
are
failing,
deserts
are
extending,
turning
arable
land
into
unfarmable land.
are coming to areas that have never
experienced than
before.
weather occurrences are
happening everywhere.
are not certain what the long term
effects will be.
is
certain,
however,
that
we
must
pay
attention
to
these occurrences.
其影响之一，就是加速极地冰川的融化。
如果这些冰川融化得太快，每平面将快速上升，
让人无法控制。
海平面升高带来的影响产销量悲剧性的。
世界上许多重要的城市将被淹没在海水中。
就是说，
全球变暖对未来环境的影响
将是十分危
险的。
三十
天气变化
厄尔尼诺，
不是英文名称，正在对我们的生活产
生很大的影响。
现在，
我
们常会听人们谈论到许多我们近来才出
现的奇怪的气候现象。
人们还没有完全气候变化的模式。
厄尔尼诺就是科学家们至今还无法理解的现象
之一。
它是陆地周围海洋变暖的一种现象。
许多奇怪的气候现象都被认为与厄尔尼诺有关，
但这也许不是真
正的原因。
全球变暖，
臭氧层的破坏、酸雨等都有可能对气
候产生影响。
人们都在谈论的这些影响是什么呢
热带风暴出现在非热带地区。
地球上的某些地区温度升得太高，庄稼无法生
长。
沙漠化正使农耕地区变成不可耕作。
洪灾出现在从未出现过的地区。
不正常的天气现象在各地出现。
我们无法长期的影响会是什么。
然而，我们必须关注这些现象是肯定的。
Section 31
Marriage
is an almost universal act.
is
the
coming
together
of
two
people
to
share
their
lives in an official way.
many countries, it has a
religious connection.
is
one
of
the
oldest
ceremonies
remaining
in
most
cultures.
countries
and
religions
set
a
minimum
age
for
marriage.
will vary from country to
country.
the UK,
for example, a couple may marry at 16 years
三十一
婚姻
婚姻是一种普遍性的人类活动。
它是两个人走到一起，共同合法地生活。
在许多国家，婚姻与宗教有关。
在许多文化国度里，
它是保存至今最
古老的仪式
之一。
许多国家和宗教规定了结婚的最小年龄。
这会因国家的不同而有差异。
old.
a marriage is to be dissolved, we call
this divorce.
religions do not permit
divorce.
the
20th
century,
some
people
decided
to
live
together without getting
married.
can be
called common-law marriage.
people
do
this
because
they
want
a
trial
marriage
before the real thing.
was
thought
that
it
was
easier
than
going
through
divorce if the
relationship didn
’
t
work.
, the law in many
countries considers this, and after a
few
years
of
living
together,
similar
laws
to
divorce
apply.
,
marriage
is
still
popular
even
though
common-law
marriage
is
still
tried
first,
as
people
may
eventually
marry anyway.
Section 32
Death
is surprising how different cultures
treat death.
ceremonies
surrounding
it
vary
from
culture
to
culture, country to country.
the colors associated with
death vary.
western cultures, black or grey are
linked to death.
Asia, brighter colors are
normal.
western
cultures,
it
is
not
polite
to
talk
a
lot
about
death.
other
cultures,
it
may
not
be
an
uncommon
talking
point.
forms of burial vary
also.
the
west, people
maybe
cremated,
that
is
burned to
ashes and then
buried.
may also
choose to be buried as a whole body.
will be buried in a special
place called a cemetery.
some other places, they may be burned
on a funeral
pyre.
happens
to
us
after
we
die
is
always
a
subject
of
variety and difference.
think that after death
there is nothing.
以英国为例，一致通过夫妇可以在
16
岁结婚。
如果一段婚姻破裂了，
我们可以称之为
“离婚”
。
有些宗教不允许离婚。
20
世纪，有些人决定同居而不结婚。
这被称为“事实婚姻”。
许多人这么做是因为他们想在真正的婚姻之前
先“试婚”。
他们认为，
如果两人相处不来，
这样分手比通过
离
婚方式容易一些。
许多国家的法律
也考虑到这一点，
如果两人住在
一起多年了，分手则采用类似离
婚的法律。
但是尽管有人尝试“事实婚姻”，最终的人不是<
/p>
占多数。
三十二
死亡
奇怪的是，不同的文化对待死亡态度是不同的。
与其有关的仪式因文化和国家的不同而有不同。
就连与死亡相关的颜色也有所不同。
在西方文化里，黑色和灰色与死亡相关。
在亚洲，鲜艳的颜色则很常见。
在西方文化里，过多地谈论死亡的事不太礼貌。
在其它文化里，它也许不是一个不寻常的话题。
葬礼的方式也有所不同。
在西方，
人死后可以被火化，
就是说尸体烧成灰
后再埋葬。
人们也可以选择死后全尸土葬。
人死后被安葬在一个特别的地方，叫“公墓”。
在有些地方，人死后也许在葬礼后被火化。
我们死后会发生什么，永远都有许多不同的答
案。
有人认为死了什么都没有了。
think
that
there
is
a
life
after
death
or
even
reincarnation.
Section 33
Birth
course, none of us can remember our own
birth.
we could,
I wonder what we would remember.
the
mothers,
it
is
a
painful
but
usually
a
delightful
experience.
of years ago, mothers and babies may
die at the time
of birth.
, however, this is far less
common.
mid-wife
is
usually
present
at
the
birth
to
assist
the
还有人认为死后还有一个生命甚至还有轮回。
三十三
出生
几乎没有人能记得自己是怎么出生的。
如果可能，真不知道我们能记得什么。
对母亲们来说，这是一个艰苦而又兴奋的经验。
几百年前，
母亲和婴儿们都有可能在
出生的那一
时候死去。
现在，这样的事已经很少发生了。
mother and the baby.
some countries, the father
likes to be present at the
birth.
the 9 months before the baby is born,
the mother is
said to be
pregnant.
changes many things in the
woman
’
s body, not just in
her stomach.
modern
society,
there
are
many
different
ways
of
delivering the baby.
mothers even have the baby
under water.
of
first things we do when we are born is to
cry.
enables us
to take our first breath after the umbilical
cord is cut.
we quickly learn how to get food from
our mothers.
then all our lives are
different.
Section 34
Clothes
1.
“
Clothes
make
us
the
man
”
,
states
an old English
saying.
is it true
we
think
carefully,
we
will
find
that
it
is
often
the
case.
example, when we see a man
in a suit and tie, what
do we
think
professions may require different
clothing.
is
this
maybe
because
our
clothes
tell
others
which
professional or social group we belong
to.
feel
more
comfortable
if
they
can
identify
which
group we are in.
males and females wear different types
of clothing.
the
20th century, however, this changed.
started to wear some of the
traditional male clothing.
different cultures are starting to
change their clothes.
the
world,
western
style
clothing
is
becoming
more
popular.
this is not always such a good
thing.
出生时通常有一位接生婆在场帮助产妇和婴儿。
有些国家，父亲也会在接生现场。
在婴儿出生前的九个月里，
母亲被称
为
“孕妇”
。
怀孕期间，
不仅仅是腹部，女性身体
的许多方面
都会发生变化。
在现代社会里，接生的方式多种多样。
有些母亲甚至在水里临盆。
我们出生的后所做的鳘件事就是哭。
这样做可以帮助我们在脐带被剪断后进行第一
次呼吸。
很快地，我们就学会从母亲那里获取食物。
从此以后我们的一切生活都不一样了
三十四
服装
“人
*
衣装
”是一句古老的英国谚语。
真是这样吗
如果仔细想想，我们会发现情况通常是这样的。
比方说，当我们看见一位男士穿西装打领带时，
我们会怎么想呢
不同的职业对服装有不同的要求。
为什么这样呢
也许我们的服装能告诉人们我们从事什么职业
或者属于哪一种社会群体的。
如果人们能判断出我们是属于哪一社会群体
的，
他们会感觉比较舒心。
男女服装的款式通常是不同的。
<
/p>
然而，到了
20
世纪这一点改变了。
妇女们开始穿起了一些传统的男子服饰。
甚至不同文化（国度），他们的服饰也开始发生
变化。
在世界范围内，西式服装正越来越流行。
这也许不是一件好事。
in clothing can make our
society more attractive and
interesting.
Section 35
The
Body
the world,
our bodies are different colors.
, eyes and skin may vary according to
our genes.
aspects of our body, thought, are
roughly the same.
of us can name all the external parts
of the body.
usually can name several of our
internal main organs.
as heart and lungs.
know all of the names of
the parts of our bodies, we
不同的服装款式使我们的社会更迷人、更有趣。
三十五
身体
从全世界范围来看，人的身体有不同的颜色。
头发、眼睛和皮肤会出生的不同而有差异。
身体的其他部位基本上是相同的。
我们大多能说出身体表面各个部位的名称。
通常，我们也懂得几种主要内脏器官的名称，
如心脏、肺等。
要了解我们身体各个部位的名称，
我
们得花好多
need to study for many
years.
bodies
are really very marvelous things.
way
that
they
continue
to
work
year
after
year
is
wonderful.
course,
we need
to
take
care
of
our
bodies
with the
right diet and
exercise.
we
gain
more
knowledge
about
our
bodies,
so
we
understand better how to
take care of them.
the last 100 years, people are taller,
stronger and live
longer.
is
because
doctors
and
scientists
know
much
more
about
how our bodies work.
work has not stopped.
we can expect that we will
go on learning more.
our bodies will be even better equipped
to handle our
life styles.
soon most people will
expect to live beyond 100 years
old.
Section 36
Illness
one goes through life
without getting ill.
usually think of illness as a bad
thing.
,
thought,
it
is
necessary
to
be
ill,
especially
when
we
are young.
’
s
because
we
need
to
build
up
immunity
against
disease and
sickness.
children will get measles and mumps
etc. when they
are quite
young.
the
effect of these illnesses is not usually very
bad.
we get them
when we are older, it can be much worse
for us.
history, we have fought against
diseases and illnesses
and
many
will
have
been
eradicated
from
most
countries by the end of this
century.
new
ones
seem
to
come
along
to
challenge
us,
or
perhaps these new ones were always
there but we did
not identify
them.
, Acquired Immunity
Deficiency Syndrome, for example,
we
know is a modern disease.
年的时间来学习。
我们的身体的确非常奇妙。
它们生生不已的方式，的确十分奇妙。
当然，
要保养好自己的身体，
需要正确的饮食和
运动。
对身体了解得越多，
我们就越懂得如
何更好地保
护它。
近
100
年来，人们长得更高、更壮，寿命也更长
了。
这是因为
医生和科学家们对我们身体的运作规
律有了更多的了解。
他们的研究仍然没有停止
，
我们期待着能了解更多。
那时，
我们将有更健康的身体去安排自己的生活
方式。
也许不久的将来，人们可望
活到超过
100
岁。
三十六
疾病
没有人一生从不生病的。
我们总认为生病是件坏事。
有时，生病是必须的，特别是小时候。
那是因为我们必须建立起抵御病毒和疾病的免
疫力。
大多数孩子小的时候会出疹子，得腮腺炎。
这些病的后果并非不好。
如果大一点的时候才得这些病，对我们更不好。
有史以来，
我们已经同疾病做了许多
斗争，许多
疾病也将在本世纪末在许多国家完全被消除了。
但是似乎又有新的疾病袭来，向人们提出挑战。
也许，这些新的疾病一起都存在，只是我们没有
发现。
以爱滋病为例，这是我们知道的一种新的疾病。
may take decades to find a
really effective cure for it.
, we can be encouraged by modern
science, which has
found cures for most
illnesses.
about
the common cold
of oldest illnesses is still the most
illusive to cure.
Section 37
Cooking
we discovered fire, we
learned how to cook.
then, the methods of cooking vary
tremendously.
tastes
have
delivered
boiling,
baking,
broiling,
frying,
人们也许要花几十
年，
才能找到真正有效的对治
之道。
令人鼓舞的是，现代科学已给攻克了许多疾病。
那常见的感冒呢
最古老的疾病仍然是最骓医治的。
三十七
烹调
自从我们发现了火之后，我们就学会了烹调。
从那以后，烹调的方式发生了很大的变化。
grilling, roasting and many other ways
of cooking.
the
world, so many different ways of presenting food
have evolved.
every country has its own cooking
characteristics.
China,
most
hot
food
is
quick
fired,
whereas
in
the
west, grilling is
preferred.
Chinese homes, it is not common to see
an oven.
the
west,
everyone
has
an
oven
for
baking
and
roasting.
, in
China, is usually cut up into small
portions.
the
west,
large
pieces
of
meat
are
often
served
at
meal times.
, some people do not eat
are called vegetarians.
who
eat
nothing
associated
with
animals
or
fish
are
called
vegans.
without
meat
or
fish,
there
is
still
a
great
variety
of
choice of
foods.
we look
in modern bookshops, we can see hundreds
of books to teach us how to
cook.
many,
cooking
and
eating
is
one
of
the
greatest
pleasures in life.
Section 38
Inventions
say
that
the
world
’
s
first
great
invention
was
the
wheel.
we could argue that the discovery of
fire was equally
as
important.
course we don
’
t
know who invented those.
we do know about modern
inventions.
Graham
Bell,
Marconi
and
Faraday
are
all
associated
with inventions
brought about as a result of
electricity.
Scotsman
called
Logie
Baird
is
said
to
have
invented
the
television.
that
has greatly changed our lives.
other inventions have
changed our lives in a big way
of them
probably.
is
famous
for
its
early
inventions
of
printing,
the
compass, gun powder etc.
inventions
will
probably change our
lives
as
much
as
烹调的方式有煮、烤、烘、煎、炙、焙等许多。
世界各地出现了许多不同的饮食方法。
每个国家都有其自己的烹调风格。
在中国，
几乎所有的热食都用快炒，
而西方则用
烘烤。
中国人家里，烤箱不太常见。
在西方，家家都有烤箱，用来烘烤食物。
中国人习惯把肉切成小块。
西方餐桌上常见的是大块的肉。
现在有些人不吃肉，他们是素食者。
那些不吃和肉类和鱼类有关的食品的人，称为
“素食者”
即使不吃鱼、
肉，
可选择食物的种类还是很多的。
在现在的书店里欠可以找到上百种烹调类的书。
对许多人来说，
烹调和品尝美食是生
活中的一大
乐趣。
三十八
发明
他们说世界上最早最伟大的发明是轮子。
也许，我们要说为的发明也一样重要。
虽然，我们不知谁发明了这些，
但我们确实知道这些现代的发明。
亚力山大
.G.
贝尔、马科尼和法拉利
对电的发明都
有贡献。
一位名叫贝尔的英格兰人发明了电视，
我们的生活从此发生了很大的变化。
还有什么发明使我们的生活有了很大改变－
也许是大多数（发明）。
中国古代的发明，
印刷术、指南针和
火药很早就
闻名于世。
现代发明和古代发明和一样改变了我们的生活。
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