英语国家概况精讲+第九章+英国社会

英语国家概况精讲：第九章

英国社会

Chapter

9

：

Social

Affairs

英国社会

I.

Health

and

Social

Services

全国医疗保健计划

1.

Britain

is

regarded

as

a

welfare

state.

This

system

is

funded

out

of

national

insur

ance

contributions

and

taxation.

In

Britain

the

term

applies

mainly

to

the

National

Health

Service

(NHS),

national

insurance

and

social

security.

英国被认为是福利制度的国家。

此制度的所需资金来源于全国保险税和赋税。

这主要是指国民保健制度，国民保险和社会保障制度。

2.

The

National

Health

Service

provides

for

every

resident,

regardless

of

income,

a

f

ull

range

of

medical

services.

The

service

was

established

in

the

U.K.

in

1948.

Over

82

per

cent

of

the

cost

of

the

health

service

in

Great

Britain

id

funded

out

of

general

taxatio

n.

The

rest

is

met

from:

(1)

the

NHS

element

of

National

Insurance

contributions;

(2)

cha

rges

towards

the

cost

of

certain

items

such

as

drugs

prescribed

by

family

doctors,

and

ge

neral

dental

treatment;

(3)

other

receipts,

including

land

sales

and

the

proceeds

of

income

generation

schemes.

不管个人收入如何，

国民保健制度为每个居民提供全面医疗服务。

英国于

1948

年确立

此制度。英国国民保健制度

82 %

以下的费用来自普通税收，其他部分来自（

1

）国民保险金

中的国民保险金部分；

（

2

）象对家庭一生开的药单和普通牙科治疗所收的费用；

（

3

）其他

收入，包括出售土地和增 收计划的收益。

3.

There

are

proportional

charges

for

most

types

of

HNS

dental

treatment,

including

examinations.

Sight

test

are

free

to

children.

No

one

is

liable

to

be

charged

by

the

Nation

al

Health

Service

for

treatment

in

an

accident,

emergency

or

for

an

infectious

disease.

Ce

ntral

government

is

directly

responsible

for

the

NHS,

which

is

administered

by

a

range

of

local

health

authorities

and

health

boards

throughout

the

U..

国民保健制度中多数牙科治疗都要收取一定比例的费用 ，包括检查费。视力检查对儿

童免费。

国民保健制度对事故，< /p>

急诊或传染病的治疗不收费，

中央政府直接负责国民保健制

度，由全国各地的保健机构和卫生委员会实施。

4.

The

family

health

services

are

those

given

to

patients

by

doctors,

dentists,

optician

s

and

pharmacists.

In

order

to

obtain

the

benefits

of

the

NHS

a

person

must

normally

be

registered

on

the

list

of

a

general

practitioner

(GP,

sometimes

knows

as

a

“family

docto

r”).

家庭保健服务由医生、牙医、眼科大夫和药剂师提供给病人。为获得国民保健制度的

服务，人们必须在普通开业医生的名册上注册。

5.

A

full

range

of

hospital

services

is

provided

by

district

general

hospital.

There

are

also

specialist

hospital

or

units

for

children,

people

suffering

from

mental

illness,

those

w

ith

learning

disabilities,

and

elderly

people,

and

for

the

treatment

of

specific

diseases.

地区普通医院提供全面的医院服务。也有为儿童，精神病人，有学习障碍者，老人和

特殊病人开设的专门医院或病区。

1