-
2014
ANSWER SHEET 1
(TEM8)
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
How to Reduce
Stress
Life is full of things that
cause us stress. Though we may not like stress,
we h
ave to live with it. I. Definition
of stress A. (1) reaction (1)
physical
i.e. force
exerted between two touching bodies B. human
reaction
i.e. response to (2)
on someone (2) a demand e.g.
increase
in breathing, heart rate, (3)
(3) blood pressure or muscle tension
II. (4)
(4) Category of stress A. positive stress
—
where
it occurs: Christmas, wedding, (5)
(5) a job B. negative stress
—
where
it occurs: test-taking situations,
friend’s
death III. Ways to
cope with stress
A. recognition of
stress signals
—
monitor for (6) of
stress (6) signals
—
find ways to protect
oneself
B. attention to body demand
—
effect of (7)
(7) exercise and nutrition C. planning and acting
appropriate
ly
—
reason for planning
—
(8) of planning
(8) result D. lea
rning to (9)
(9) accept
—
e.g. delay caused by
traffic E. pacing activities
—
manageable task
—
(10)
(10) reasonable speed
2013
SECTION A MINI-
LECTURE
What Do Active
Learners Do?
There are difference
between active learning and passive learning.
Characteristics of active learners:
I. reading with purposes
A.
before reading: setting goals
B. while
reading: (1) ________
II. (2) ______
and critical in thinking
i.e.
information processing, e.g.
--
connections between the known and the new
information
-- identification of (3)
______ concepts
-- judgment on the
value of (4) _____.
III. active in
listening
A. ways of note-taking: (5)
_______.
B. before note-taking:
listening and thinking
IV. being able
to get assistance
A. reason 1: knowing
comprehension problems because of (6) ______.
B. Reason 2: being able to predict
study difficulties
V. being able to
question information
A. question what
they read or hear
B. evaluate and (7)
______.
VI. Last characteristic
A. attitude toward responsibility
-- active learners: accept
-- passive learners: (8) _______
B. attitude toward (9) ______
-- active learners: evaluate and change
behaviour
-- passive learners: no
change in approach
Relationship between
skill and will: will is more important in (10)
______.
Lack of will leads to
difficulty in college learning.
参考答案：
1. checking
their understanding
2. reflective on
information
3. incomprehensible
4. what you read
5.
organized
6. monitoring their
understanding
7. differentiate
8. blame
9. performance
10. active learning
Section
A Mini-lecture
或者
1
、
checking
understanding
。
2
、
reflective
3
、
puzzling/confusing
4
、
what is read
5
、
comprehensive
and organized
6
、
constant
understanding monitoring//monitoring their
understanding
7
、
differ
8
、
blame others
9
、
poor
performance
10
、
school
work//studies
2012
Observation
People do observation in daily life
context for safety or for proper behaviour.
However, there are differences in daily
life observation and research observation.
Differences
---- daily life
observation
--casual
--(1) ________
--dependence on memory
---- research
observation
-- (2)
_________
--
careful record keeping
B.
Ways to
select samples in research
---- time sampling
-- systematic:
e.g. fixed intervals every hour
-- random: fixed intervals but (3)
_______
Systematic sampling and random sampling
are often used in combination.
---- (4) _______
-- definition:
selection of different locations
--
reason:
humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across
circumstances
-- (6)
______: more objective observations
C. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______
----
observation with intervention
-- participant observation:
researcher as observer and participant
-- field experiment: research (8)
______ over conditions
---- observation without intervention
-- purpose:
describing behaviour (9) ______
-- (10) ______ : no intervention
-- researcher: a passive recorder
1: rarely
formal records
2: systematic objective manner
3: variable
4: situation sampling
5: vary
6: advantage 7: as it occurs
8:
have more control
9: in natural setting
10: method
Interview
2011
Classifications
of Cultures
According to Edward Hall, different
cultures result in different ideas about the
world.
Hall is an anthropologist. He is
interested in relations between cultures.
I. High-context culture
A.
feature
- context: more important
than the message
- meaning: (1)__________
i.e. more
attention paid to (2) ___________ than to the
message itself
B. examples
-
personal space
-
preference for (3)__________
- less respect for privacy
/ personal space
-
attention to (4)___________
- concept of time
- belief in (5)____________
interpretation of time
-
no concern for punctuality
-
no control over time
II.
Low-context culture
A. feature
- message:
separate from context
-
meaning: (6)___________
B.
examples
-
personal space
-
desire / respect for individuality / privacy
- less attention to body
language
- more concern
for (7)___________
-
attitude toward time
- concept of time: (8)____________
- dislike of
(9)_____________
-
time seen as commodity
III.
Conclusion
Awareness of different cultural
assumptions
- relevance in
work and life
e.g. business, negotiation,
etc.
-
(10)_____________ in successful communication
1.
apart from
the message
is happening
ess
language
le
itself
message
itself
ality means
everything
ss
ts
1.
and significance
2. the context
或
what is doing
3. closeness to
people
4. body
language
5.
polychronic
6. in itself
7. personal space
8. monochrome
9. lateness
10.
multicultural situation
2010
Paralinguistic Features of Language
In face-to-face communication speakers
often alter their tomes of voice or change
their physical postures in order to
convey messages. These means are called
paralinguistic features of language,
which fall into two categories.
First
category: vocal paralinguistic features
(1)__________: to express attitude or
intention
(1)__________
Examples
1. whispering:
need for secrecy
2.
breathiness:
deep emotion
3. (2)_________:
unimportance
(2)__________
4. nasality:
anxiety
5. extra lip-
rounding: greater intimacy
Second
category: physical paralinguistic features
facial expressions
(3)_______
(3)__________
----- smiling: signal of pleasure or
welcome
less common expressions
----- eye brow raising: surprise or
interest
----- lip biting: (4)________
(4)_________
gesture
gestures are related to culture.
British culture
-----
shrugging shoulders: (5) ________
(5)__________
-----
scratching head: puzzlement
other
cultures
----- placing hand upon
heart:(6)_______
(6)__________
----- pointing at nose: secret
proximity, posture and echoing
proximity: physical distance between
speakers
----- closeness: intimacy or
threat
----- (7)_______: formality or
absence of interest
(7)_________
Proximity is person-, culture- and
(8)________ -specific.
(8)_________
posture
----- hunched
shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____
(9)________
----- direct level eye
contact: to express an open or challenging
attitude
echoing
-----
definition: imitation of similar posture
----- (10)______: aid in communication
(10)___________
-----
conscious imitation: mockery
1 tones of voice 2
huskiness 3 universal signal; 4 thought or
uncertainty 5
indifference 6 honesty 7
distance; 8 situation; 9 mood; 10 unconsciously
same posture
2009
Writing Experimental Reports
I. Content of an experimental report,
e.g.
--- study subject/ area
--- study purpose
---
____1____
II. Presentation of an
experimental report
--- providing
details
--- regarding readers as
_____2_____
III. Structure of an
experimental report
--- feature: highly
structured and ____3____
--- sections
and their content:
INTRODUCTION
____4____; why you did it
METHOD how
you did it
RESULT what you found out
____5____ what you think it shows
IV. Sense of readership
---
____6____: reader is the marker
---
____7____: reader is an idealized, hypothetical,
intelligent person with little
knowledge of your study
---
tasks to fulfill in an experimental report:
introduction to relevant area
necessary background information
development of clear arguments
definition of technical terms
precise description of data ____8____
V. Demands and expectations in report
writing
--- early stage:
understanding of study subject/area and
its implications
basic
grasp of the report's format
--- later
stage:
____9____ on
research significance
--- things to
avoid in writing INTRODUCTION:
Inadequate material
____10____ of research justification
for the study
MINI-LECTURE
1. Study result/ findings
2. Audience 3. Disciplined
4. what you did 5. DISCUSSION
6. a common mistake 7. in reality 8.
obtained / that you obtained
9. attention / foucs /
emphasis
10.
暂无
10.
2008
The
Popularity of English
I. Present status
of English
A. English as a native/first
language
B. English as a lingua franca:
a language for communication among people
whose (1)______ are different
(1)_______
C. Number of people speaking English as
a first or a second language:
—
320-380 million
native speakers