semantics and pragmatics

Semantics and Pragmatics

I. Fill in the blanks

1.

_______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.

2.

< br>“

Charge

”

and < /p>

“

accuse

”

are said to be ________ synonyms.

3.

_________ opposites may be seen in terms of degrees of quality involved.

4.

Predication analysis is to break down predications into their constituents.__________ and ____________.

5.

____________ sentences express judgment.

6.

“Mean”

and

“

”

are said to be _________ synonyms.

7.

We call the relation between

“

animal

”

and

“

cow

”

as _________.

8.

“

Words are names of labels for things.

”

This view is called _________ theory.

9.

The hyponyms under the same superordinate are called _________________.

10.

In

making

conversation,

the

general

principle

that

all

participants

are

expected

to

observe

is

called

the

____________ Principle proposed by _______.

11.

While

the

meaning

of

a

sentence

is

abstract

and

decontextualized,

that

of

an

_______

is

concrete

and

context-dependent.

12.

A _________ act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by

means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.

13.

__________ were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.

14.

___________

are

those

illocutionary

acts

whose

point

is

to

commit

the

speaker

to

some

future

course

of

action.

15.

A ____________ act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something.

16.

_________ are attempts by the speaker to get the hearer to do something

17.

____________ is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.

18.

________ were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.

19.

All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the same ___________ point, but they

differ in their strength or force.

20.

The

idea

of

Paul

Grice

is

that

in

making

conversation,

the

participants

must

first

of

all

be

willing

to

___________; otherwise it would be impossible for them to go on with the talk. The general principle is called

the _____________________________.

21.

The maxim of relation requires that what the conversation participants say must be ________.

II. Choose the right answer

1.

“

cold

”

and

“

hot

”

are a pair of ________ antonyms.

A. gradable

B complementary

C. reversal

D. converseness

2.

“

John hit Peter

”

and

“

Peter was hit by John

”

are the same _______.

A. proposition

B. sentence

C. utterance

D. truth

3.

Bull: +BOVINE + MALE + ADULT

is an example of ______.

A. componential analysis

B. predication analysis

C. compositionality

D. selection restriction

4.

The semantic triangle holds that the meaning of a word ______.

A.

is interpreted through the mediation of concept

B.

is related to the thing it refers to .

C.

is the idea associated with that word in the minds of speaker.

D.

Is the image it is represented in the mind.

5.

When the truth of sentence (a) guarantees the truth of sentence (b), and the falsity of sentence (b) guarantees

the falsity of sentence (a), we can say that ______.

1

A.

sentence (a)

presupposes

sentence (b)

B.

sentence (a)

entails

sentence (b)

C.

sentence (a)

is inconsistent with

sentence (b)

D.

sentence (a)

contradicts

sentence (b)

6.

“

John killed Bill but Bill didn

’

t die

”

is a(n) _______.

A. entailment

B. presupposition

C. anomaly

D. contradiction

7.

Lexical ambiguity arises from polysemy or _________ which can not be determined by the context.

A. homonymy

B. antonymy

C. synonymy

D. hyponymy

8.

__________ is the study of language in use and linguistic communication.

A. Semantics

B. Pragmatics

C. Sociolinguistics

D. Psycholinguistics

9.

_________ found that natural language had its own logic and conclude cooperative principle.

A. John Austin

B. John Firth

C. John Searle

D. Paul Grice

10.

The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called

_________.

A. Semantics

B. Pragmatics

C. Sociolinguistics

D. Psycholinguistics

11.

___________ proposed that speech act can fall into five general categories.

A. John Austin

B. John Firth

C. John Searle

D. Paul Grice

12.

Promising, undertaking, vowing are the most typical of the ________.

A. declarations

B. directives

C. commissives

D. expressives

13.

The illocutionary point of _______ is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.

A. declarations

B. directives

C. commissives

D. expressives

14.

Y

’

s utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.

X: Who was that you were with last night?

Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?

A. quality

B. quantity

C. relation

D. manner

15.

Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give rise to __________.

A. breakdown of conversation

B. confusion of one

’

s intention

C. hostility between speakers and the listeners

D. conversational implicatures

16.

Speech act theory was proposed by ________ in 1962.

A. John Austin

B. John Firth

C. John Searle

D. Paul Grice

17.

The maxim of quantity requires: ________

A.

contribute as informative as required

B. do not contribute more than is required

C. do not say what has little evidence

D. both A and B

18.

According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of

action are called _________.

A. declarations

B. directives

C. commissives

D. expressives

19.

The naming theory is advanced by ________.

A. Plato

B. Bloomfield

C. Geoffrey Leech

D. Firth

20.

“We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.

A. the conceptualist view

B. contexutalism

C. the naming theory

ourism

21.

Which of the following is not true?

A.

Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.

B.

Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form.

C.

Sense is abstract and de-contextualized.

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