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语言学
复习试题及参考答案
I
.
Mark the
choice that can best complete the statement (20
x1)
1. Which of the
following is not a design feature of human
language?
A. Arbitrariness
B. Displacement
C. Duality
D.
Meaningfulness
2.
According
to F.
de
Saussure, _______ refers
to
the abstract linguistic
system shared by all the members
of a
speech community.
A. parole
B. performance
C. langue
D.
Language
3.
The
assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another
by “copying”a feature of a sequenti
al
phoneme,
thus making the two phones
____________.
A. identical
B.
same
C. exactly
alike
D.
similar
4. Distinctive features can be
found running over a sequence of two or more
phonemic segments. The
phonemic
features that occur above the level of the
segments are called _______.
A. phonetic components
B.
immediate constituents
C.
suprasegmental features
D. semantic features
5.
The morpheme “vision” in the common
word “television” is a(n) ______.
A. bound morpheme
B. bound form
C. inflectional morpheme
D. free morpheme
6. The meaning carried by the
inflectional morpheme is _______.
A. lexical
B. morphemic
C. grammatical
D.
semantic
7. Phrase structure rules have
____ properties.
A.
recursive
B. grammatical
C. social
D. functional
8. The syntactic rules of any language
are ____ in number.
A.
large
B. small
C.
finite
D. infinite
9.
“We shall know a word by the company it
keeps.” This statement represents _______.
A. the conceptualist view
B.
contexutalism
C. the naming
theory
D. behaviourism
10.
“Alive” and “dead” are
______________.
A. gradable
antonyms
B. relational opposites
C. complementary antonyms
D. None of the
above
11.
What
essentially
distinguishes
semantics
and
pragmatics
is
whether
in
the
study
of
meaning
_________ is considered.
A. reference
B. speech act
C.
practical usage
D.
context
12. __________ is the act
performed by or resulting from saying
somet
hing; it is the consequence of, or
the change brought about by the
utterance.
A. A locutionary
act
B.
An illocutionary act
C. A
perlocutionary act
D. A performative act
13. Language change is ______________.
A. universal, continuous
and, to a large extent, regular and systematic
B. continuous, regular,
systematic, but not universal
C. universal, continuous, but not
regular and systematic
D.
always regular and systematic, but not universal
and continuous
14. In
Old
and Middle English, both /k/ and /n/ in the word
“knight” were pronounced, but in modern
English, /k/ in the sound /kn-/
clusters was not pronounced. This phenomenon is
known as ________.
A. sound
addition
B. sound loss
1
C.
sound shift
D. sound movement
15. The most distinguishable linguistic
feature of a regional dialect is its _____.
A. use of words
B. use of structures
C. accent
D. morphemes
16.
_________
means that
certain
authorities,
such
as the
government choose,
a
particular
speech
variety, standardize
it and spread the use of i
t
across regional boundaries.
A. Language interference
B. Language changes
C. Language planning
D.
Language transfer
17. Human linguistic
ability largely depends on the structure and
dynamics of _________.
A.
human brain
B. human vocal cords
C. human memory
D. human
18. The most
important part of the brain is the outside surface
of the brain, called _________.
A. the neurons
B. nerve
pathways
C. cerebral cortex
D. sensory organs
19. The development
of
linguistic
skills
involves
the
acquisition
of
____
rules
rather
than the
mere
memorization
of words and sentences.
A.
cultural
B. grammatical
C. behavior
D. pragmatic
20. According to the _______, the
acquisition of a second language
involves, and is dependent on, the
acquisition of the culture of the
target language communi
t
y.
A.
accul
t
uration view
B. mentalist
view
C. behaviourist view
D.
conceptualist view
得分
II. Decide whether each of the
following statements is T
rue or False
(10 x1)
21. People can utter a sentence he has
never heard or used before. In this sense, human
language is
creative.
22. In
English both aspirated and unaspirated voiceless
stops occur. The voiceless aspirated stops
and the voiceless
unaspirated stops
or environment.
23. Parameters are syntactic options of
UG that allow general principles to operate in one
way or
another and contribute to
significant linguistic variations between and
among languages.
24. Syntactic movement
occurs to all sentences, therefore, the deep
structure and surface structure
of
every sentence look different at its two levels of
representation.
25. The Anglo-Saxons
were migrants from the northern parts of Europe,
so the words that they
originally
used
and
the
words
that
the
English
vocabulary
has
later
taken
in
from
other
languages are regarded as loan words.
26. Paul Grice made a distinction
between what he called
“
cons
tatives
”
and
“
performatives
”
.
27. Most of the languages of
Europe, Persia (Iran), and the northern part of
India belong to the
2
occur in the same phonemic
context
same
Indo-European
language
family.
The
language,
which
no
longer
exists,
is
called
Proto-Indo-European, a term reflecting
the earlier linguistic distribution of the
speakers of this
language family from
India to Europe.
28. In Black English,
when the verb is negated, the indefinite pronouns
something
,
somebody
, and
some
become the negative
indefinites
nothing
,
nobody
, and
none
, as in :
He
don’t know nothing.
He don’t
like n
obody.
He ain’t got
none.
29. The cerebral
cortex is the decision-making organ of the body,
receiving messages from all the
sensory
organs and initiating all voluntary actions.
the
two-word
stage
of
language
acquisition,
two-word
expressions
are
absent
of
syntactic or morphological markers.
得分
III. Define
Six of the
following
ten terms, illustrate them
if necessary (6 x 5).
31.
allomorph
32. bound morpheme
33. semantics
34. reference
35. synonymy,
36. predication analysis,
37. critical period hypothesis
38.
linguistic
competence
39.
bilingualism
linguistics
得分
IV
.
Answer
the
following
questions
as
comprehensively
as
possible,
giving
examples
if
necessary ( 4x10 ):
1. How
do you understand that language is arbitrary?
2. How are semantics and
pragmatics different from each other?
3. Draw a tree diagram for the
following statements:
1 )
The people
live a peaceful
life in the countryside.
2) He
knows that I
will come the day after tomorrow.
3
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