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Supplementary
Exercises
I.
Decide whether each of the following statements is
True or False:
1.
Both semantics and pragmatics study
how speakers of a language use sentences to effect
successful communication
2.
Pragmatics treats the meaning of
language as something intrinsic and inherent.
3.
It
would
be
impossible
to
give
an
adequate
description
of
meaning
if
the
context
of
language
use was left
unconsidered.
4.
What
essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics
is whether in the study of meaning
the
context of use is considered.
5.
The major difference between a
sentence and an utterance is that a sentence is
not uttered
while an utterance is.
6.
The meaning of a
sentence is abstract, but context-dependent.
7.
The meaning of an
utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable.
8.
Utterances always take
the form of complete sentences
9.
Speech act theory was originated with
the British philosopher John Searle.
10.
Speech act theory started in the late
50’s of the 20th century.
11.
Austin
made the distinction between a constative and a
performative.
12.
Perlocutionary act is the
act of expressing the speaker’s
intention.
II.
Fill in each
blank below with one word which begins with the
letter given:
13.
P_________ is the study of how
speakers of a language use sentences to effect
successful
communication.
14.
What
essentially
distinguishes
s_______
and
pragmatics
is
whether
in
the
study
of
meaning
the context of use is considered.
15.
The notion
of c_________ is essential to the pragmatic study
of language.
16.
If we think of a
sentence
as
what people actually utter in the
course of communication,
it becomes an
u___________.
17.
The meaning of a sentence is a_______,
and decontexualized.
18.
C________ were statements that either
state or describe, and were thus verifiable.
19.
P________
were sentences that did not state a fact or
describe a state, and were not
verifiable.
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20.
A
l_________
act
is
the
act
of
uttering
words,
phrases,
clauses.
It
is
the
act
of
conveying
literal meaning by
means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.
21.
An i__________ act is the act of
expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act
performed in saying something.
22.
A
c_________ is commit the speaker himself to some
future course of action.
23.
An e________ is to
express feelings or attitude towards an existing
state.
24.
There
are
four
maxims
under
the
cooperative
principle:
the
maxim
of
q_______,
the
maxim
of quality, the maxim
of relation and the maxim of manner.
III.
There are four choices
following each statement. Mark the choice that can
best complete
the statement:
25. _________ does not study meaning in
isolation, but in context.
A. Pragmatics
B. Semantics
C. Sense relation
D. Concept
26. The meaning of language was
considered as something _______ in traditional
semantics.
A. contextual
B. behaviouristic
C. intrinsic
D. logical
27. What
essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics
is whether in the study of meaning
_________
is considered.
A. reference
B. speech act
C. practical usage
D. context
28.
A
sentence
is
a
_________
concept,
and
the
meaning
of
a
sentence
is
often
studied
in
isolation.
A. pragmatic
B. grammatical
C. mental
D. conceptual
29. If we
think of a sentence as what people actually utter
in the course of communication, it
becomes a(n) _________.
A. constative
B. directive
C. utterance
D. expressive
30.
Which of the following
is true?
A.
Utterances usually do not take the form of
sentences.
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B. Some utterances cannot be restored to complete
sentences.
C. No utterances can take the form of sentences.
D. All
utterances can be restored to complete sentences.
31. Speech act theory did not come into
being until __________.
A. in the late 50’s of the
20the century
B. in the early 1950’s
C
. in the late 1960’s
D. in the
early 21st century.
32. __________ is
the act performed
by
or
resulting from saying something; it is the
consequence
of, or the change brought
about by the utterance.
A. A locutionary act
B. An illocutionary act
C. A perlocutionary act
D. A performative act
33.
According to Searle, the illocutionary point of
the representative is ______.
A. to get the hearer to
do something
B. to commit the speaker to something’s
being the case
C. to commit the speaker to some
future course of action
D. to express the feelings or attitude
towards an existing state of affairs.
34.
All
the
acts
that
belong
to
the
same
category
share
the
same
purpose,
but
they
differ
__________.
A. in their illocutionary acts.
B. in their
intentions expressed
C. in their strength or force
D. in their
effect brought about
35. __________ is
advanced by Paul Grice
A.
Cooperative Principle
B.
Politeness Principle
C.
The General Principle of Universal Grammar
D. Adjacency Principle
36. When any of the maxims under the
cooperative principle is flouted, _______ might
arise.
A. impoliteness
B. contradictions
C. mutual understanding
D. conversational implicatures
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I. Decide
whether each of the following statements is True
or False:
l. F
2. F
3.T
4.T
5.F
6.F
7.F
8.F
9.F
10.T
11.T
12.F
II. Fill in each blank below with one
word which begins with the letter given:
13.
Pragmatics
14. semantics
15. context
16. utterance
17.
abstract
tives
19. Performatives
20.
locutionary
21. illocutionary
22. commissive
23. expressive
24. quantity
III.
There
are
four
choices
following
each
statement.
Mark
the
choice
that
can
best
complete the statement:
25. A
26.C
27.D
28.B
29.C
30.B
31.A
32.C
33.B
34.C
35. A
36.D
IV. Define the terms
below:
37. pragmatics
38. context
39. utterance meaning
40. sentence meaning
41.
constative
42. performative
43.
locutionary act
44.
illocutionary act
45.
perlocutionary act 46.. Cooperative
Principle
V.
Answer
the
following
questions
as
comprehensively
as
possible.
Give
examples
for
illustration
if necessary:
47. How are semantics and
pragmatics different from each other?
48. How does a sentence differ from an
utterance?
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