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高考英语名词知识点解析含答案
(2)
一、选择题
1
.
Jane is nice
but she has a ______ to talk too much.
A
.
trend
A
.
has been
raised; rise
C
.
has raised;
rise
A
.
burden
A
.
sign
A
.
supply
B
.
risk
B
.
signal
B
.
respect
B
.
tendency
C
.
ten
sion
B
.
has been risen;
raise
D
.
has raised;
rose
C
.
hole
C
.
mark
C
.
devotion
D
.
disaster
p>
D
.
symbo
l
D
.
ar
rangement
D
.
threat
2
.
Since 1949, the
people’s living standard
____, causing
a big ____ in population.
3
.
A huge was
lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents
about my problems.
4
.
Timoteo has an
unusual job
—
he is a human
traffic _________.
5
.
It’s her
__
______ of time to medical research
that helped Tu Youyou win the Nobel
Prize.
6
.
---What's
new?
---The upcoming 40-day
Spring Festival travel ____ , also known as
chunyun, will ___ on Jan 10
and end on
Feb 18.
A
.
dash; kick
out
A
.
contribution
C
.
p>
coincidence
B
.
rush; kick
off
C
.
flow; kick
in
B
.
c
onstruction
D
.
composition
D
.
jam; kick
up
7
.
The building
under _____for stay-at-home children will be
completed in March
8
.
To everyone's
surprise, the three-year-old boy recited Three-
Character Canon without making
a single
.
A
.
sl
ide
A
.
energies;
occur
C
.
resources
last
A
.
expedition
A
.
gas
A
.
command
< br>
A
.
attempt
B
.
transfo
rmation
B
.
orbit
B
.
control
B
.<
/p>
programme
B
.
slip
C
.
sneeze
B
.
materials
erupt
D
.
sources;
bury
C
.
link
C
.
chemicals
C
.
charge
C
.
intent
ion
D
.
release
D
.
vapors
D
.
possession
D
.
dream
D
.
squeeze
9
.
Our natural
________ are limited. This means that they will
not________forever.
10
.
Nearly a year
after his____________ from prison, he was still
unable to sleep properly.
11
.
How much does
it cost to put satellite
into____________
?
12
.
Anyone who is
in ________ of weapons without permission is
considered law-
breaking.
13
.
He has been
spreading false stories in a(n)____________to
smear(
诽谤
)us.
14
.
Poverty
alleviation is a high priority of our country and
has been put on the top of________at
two sessions.
A
p>
.
agenda
B
.
subject
C
.
directory
<
/p>
D
.
seminar
15
.
President
Donald Trump's first state dinner excluded
Democratic members of Congress and
the
media, which was criticized by many as a(n)
_________ from tradition.
A<
/p>
.
departure
B
.
benefit
C
.
escape
D
.
lesson
16
.
This book
gives a brief _______ of the history of the castle
and details of the art collection in
the main hall.
A<
/p>
.
outline
B
.
output
C
.
operation
D
.
organ
17
.
A _______
will be paid to anyone who brings back the money
Mr. Brown lost,
according to
the advertisement.
A
< br>.
price
A
.
sake
B
.
lack
C
.
ignorance
D
.
knock
19
.
The good news
that he got a_________to Senior Editor brought
great happiness to his family.
< br>A
.
prospect
B
.
promotion
C
.
priority
D
.
privile
ge
20
.
One reason for
her preference for city life is that she can
have___________ to places like
shops
and restaurants.
A
.
method
A
.
meaning
A
.
situation
B
.
access
B
.
importance
B
.
case
C
.
way
C
.
sense
C
.
condition
D
.
means
p>
D
.
signi
ficance
D
.
environment
21
.
I
have read the material several times
but it doesn’t make any________to me.
22
.
On _________
that all go smoothly, we can realize our annual
goals as expected.
23
.
Giving up my
job to go back to full-time education was a big
__________, but now I know it
was the
best decision I ever made.
A
.
project
< br>A
.
discrimination
A
.
method
B
.
commitmen
t
B
.
co
mpromise
B
.
experiment.
C
.
competition
C
p>
.
substitute
C
.
warning
D
.
ambition
D
.
disadvantage<
/p>
D
.
effe
ct
24
.
In the process
of getting rid of racial________,the USA is left
far behind.
25
.
Despite
numerous failures, they continued to carry out
the____________.
B
.
profit
C
.
reward
D
.
salary
18
.
The explorer
got a disease in blood for ________of fresh
vegetables and fruit.
【参考答案】
***
试卷处理标记,请不要删除<
/p>
一、选择题
1
.
B
解析:
B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:简人很好,但她话太多。
A.
trend
趋势,走向;
trend towards/in
sth.
动态;
B.
tendency
趋势,癖好;
tendency (for
sb./sth.) to do sth.
倾向;偏好;
C.
tension
紧张,张力;
D. threat
威胁。根据题干中搭配的介词是
to, tendency
to do sth.
表示“简喜欢
说太多的话”。故选
p>
B
。
2
.
A
解析:
A
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和名词。句意:自
从
1949
年以来,人民的生活水平提高了,导致了人口的大幅
增
长。根据句子中的
Since 1949
可知,此处应用现在完成时,
raise
是及物动词有被动
,故
C
、
D
项
错误;
rise
为不及物动词无被动,故
B
项错误,根据句子可知,
raise
与
people’s
living
standard
之间是被动关系,故填
has been
raised;
第二空由
a big
可
知,用名词,
rise
当
名词讲意为<
/p>
“
增长;上升
”
。故选
A
。
3
.
A
解析:
A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:
当我告诉父母我的问题时,我肩上的重担减轻了。
A.
burden
负
担;
B.
risk
冒险;
C.
hole
洞;
D. disaster
灾难。根据句意及选项可知,此处使用“负担减
轻”符合题意。故选
A
。
4
.
B
解析:
B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:
铁穆特欧有一个不同寻常的工作
——
人体交通信号灯。
A. sign
符号;
B.
signal
信号;
C.
mark
记号;
D. symbol
象
征。这里指“交通信号灯”,所以用
traffic signal
。故选
B
。
【点睛】
名词
mark
、
sign
、
signal
和
symbol
的区别:
mark (
标志,标记
)
事物留下的印迹
/
< br>标记或有别于其他事物的特征,比如
trade
marks
;
sign (
标记,符号
)=symbol
;指示牌、告示牌
、店牌等;比喻“征兆,迹象”;
signal (
信号,暗号
)
常指约定俗成,用于传达某些信息
的信号,可以灯光,声音或图画的形
式来表现。
symbol (
象征,符号
)
指人们用某物体或图案代表另一事物,并作为该事物的标记或象征。
本题根据“
Timoteo has an unusual
job
”可知,
Timoteo
扮演的
是“人体交通信号灯”,所
以用
human traffic
signal
,从而选择出正确的答案。
5
.
C
解析:
C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:
正是她对医学研究的投入,帮助屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔奖。
A.
supply
提供;
B.
respect
尊重;
C.
devotion
奉献,投入;
D.
arrangement
安排。根据
Tu
Youyou win the Nobel Prize
可知
,屠呦呦对医学研究的投入了很多时间。故选
C
。
6
.
B
解析:
B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析和动词短
语词义辨析。句意:
---
有什么新消息?
---
即将到来的
40
天的春
p>
运高峰期,又称春运,将于
1
月
10
日拉开序幕,
2
月<
/p>
18
日结束。
A.
dash
破折号
; kick out
撵
走;
B.
rush
高
峰
期
;
kick off
开
始;
C.
flow
流
动
kick in
药
物
开
始
起
作
用;
D. jam
拥
挤
;
kick up
出
故
障。由“
The upcoming 40-day
Spring Festival
”可知,第一个空在说春
运高
峰期。由“
end on Feb 18
”可知,第二个空在说
春运的开始时间。
end
与
kick
off
“开
始”相对应。故选
B
项。
7
.
B
解析:
B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析及固定搭配。
contribution
贡献,捐赠,捐助;
construction
建造,建筑物
;
coincidence
巧合
;
p>
一致;
composition
作文,作曲
。句意
:
正在被建的留守儿童楼将于
3
月竣
工。本句说的是建筑物,因此要用建造中。
under construction
意为“(正在)修建中”,
因此选
B
。
8
.
B
解析:
B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意:令大
家吃惊的是,这个三岁的小男孩居然一字不漏地背诵了三字
经。
A. slide
滑动;
B.
slip
疏忽,错误;
C.
sneeze
喷嚏;
D.
squeeze
挤压。根据“
To
everyone's surprise
”可知,三岁男孩背
诵三字经没有一点错误让每个人都很惊讶。故选
B
。
9
.
C
解析:
C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词和动词辨析。句意
:我们的自然资源是有限的,这意味着它们不能永远持续。
A.
energies;
精力;
occur
发生;
B. materials
材料;
erupt
爆发;
C. resources
资源;
last
持
续;
D.
sources;
资源;
bury
埋
葬。有限的是自然资源,有限当然不能持续使用。故选
C
。
p>
10
.
D
解析:
D
【解析】
【分析】
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