-
定义
：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句
子成分有主要成分和
次要成分；
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
I met my best friend Tom at the
station yesterday .
主语
谓语
定语
宾语
同位语
状语
㈠主语（
subject
）
句子说明的人或事物
Jane
is good at playing the
piano.
（名词）
She
went out in a hurry.
（代词）
Four plus four is
eight.
（数词）
To see
is to believe.
（不定式）
Smoking is bad for
health.
（动名词）
The
young should respect the
old.
（名词化的形容词）
What he has said is true.
（句子）
找
出
下
列
句
中<
/p>
的
主
语
：
1
、
The
sun
rises
in
the
east.
2
、
Twenty years is
a short time in history.
3
、
The poor are
now living in the shelter.
4
、
Seeing is
believing.
5
、
To see is to
believe.
6
、
He
likes dancing.
7
、
What he needs
is a book.
8
、
It
is very clear that the elephant is round and tall
like
a tree.
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓
语
:
由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词
+
动词
;
He can speak English well.
She doesn
’
t seem
to like dancing.
找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）：
1. We love China.
2. We have
finished reading this book.
3. He can
speak English.
4.
She
seems
tired.
(<
/p>
三
)
宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动
词
或介词的宾语
Show your passport,
please.
（名词）
She
didn't say anything.
（代词）
How many do you want? - I want two.
（数词）
They sent
the injured to hospital.
（名词化的形容词）
They
asked to see my passport.
（不定式）
I enjoy
working with you.
（动名词）
Did you write down what he said?
（句子）
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾
语
.
直接宾语指物或事
,
间接宾语指人或
动物
.
He
gave me some books.
间接
直接
宾语
宾语
指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：
please pass
me the book.
He bought his girlfriend
some flowers.
找出下列句子的宾语部分：
1. We often help him.
2. He
likes to play basketball.
3. We enjoy
listening to the music.
4. She said
that he felt sick.
5. They are talking
about the new student.
（四）连系动词
,
其
后面的成分叫作表语。
The
war was over.
They seem to know the
truth.
Time is precious.
I
’
m not quite
myself today.
That remains a puzzle.
I don
’
t feel at
ease.
找出下列句中的表语。
1. I am a teacher.
2. They
are on the playground.
3. My job is
teaching English.
4. It gets cold.
5. It sounds interesting.
常见的系动词有
be
动词
,
还有
get ,become, turn,
grow
等表
“变
得”的词
,
和感观动词
sound, look,
smel,taste,feel
等。
(
五）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever
boy.
（形容词）
His
father works in a steel
work.
（名词）
There
are 54 students in our
class.
（数词）
Do you
known betty
’
s
sister?
（名词所有格）
He
bought some sleeping
pills.
（动名词）
There
is a sleeping baby in
bed.
（现在分词）
His
spoken language is
good.
（过去分词）
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表
示时，
通常要前置。
而由一个词组或一个句
子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red
is his sister.
We have a lot of work to
do.
The girl standing under the tree is
his daughter.
Do you know the man who
spoke just now?
找出下列句子的定语。
1. The black bike is mine.
2. She is a chemistry teacher.
3. The man in blue is my brother.
4. The girl playing the piano is my
younger sister.
5. The lady who is
wearing red dress is our new teacher.
（六）状语
状语的功用：
状语说明地点、
时间、
原因、
目的、
结果、
条件、
方向、
程度、方式和伴随状况等。
I will
be back in a while.
They are playing on
the playground.
He was late because he
got up late.
He got up so late that I
missed the train.
I waited to see you.
He often went to school by bus.
His parents died, leaving him an
orphan.
Please call me if it is
necessary.
This book is very
interesting.
He went to school in spite
of his illness.
找出下列句中的状语
1.
We often help him.
2. I really
don
’
t like the food.
3. He did his homework carefully