-
九大词性
1. noun(n.)
名词
:
to describe a
person or thing
英语中的名词根据是否可数又分为可数与不可数名词。
(
1
)可数名词
①可数名词规则变化:
规则变化
构成方法
例词
一般情况
加
-s
如:
pens
、
girls
以
“
s,
x, ch, sh
”
结尾
加
-es
如:
bus-
buses
、
box-boxes
Watch-
watchesdish-dishes
以
辅音字母
+y
结尾
变
y
改
i
再加
es
如:
baby-
babies
、
family-families
以
元音字母
+y
结尾
p>
加
-s
如:
boy-
boys
、
day-days
以
p>
辅音字母
+o
结尾
加
-es
如:
potatoes
、
tomatoes
以
元音字母
+o
结尾
加
-s
如:
photos
以
f
或
fe
结尾的
变
f
或
fe
为
v<
/p>
再加
es
如:
half-
halves
、
wife-wives
thief-thieves
②
可数名词不规则变化
A
、单复数同形:
deer-deer
fish-fish
sheep-sheep
B
、词尾发生变化:
ox-oxen
child-children
C
、
内部单词发生变化:
foot-feet
tooth-teeth
goose-geese
woman-women
man-men
mouse-mice
policeman-policemen
D
、表示某国人时
,
中日不变
,
英法变
,
其他国家加
< br>s
:
(1)Chinese-
Chinese
Japanese-Japanese
(2)Frenchman-
Frenchmen
Englishman-
Englishmen
(3)German-Germans
Russian-Russians
Americans
③
特殊情况
i.
另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。
如:
people
< br>,
police
,
trouse
rs
,
pants
,
< br>clothes
,
scissors
ii.
有些名词以
s
结尾,但不是复数形式,如:
news
,
maths
,
physics
,
politics
iii.
有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词,如:
room(
空间
)
—
a room(
房间
)
work(
工作
)
—
works(
著作
)
(2)
不可数名词:
(前面不能用
a,an
等来修饰)
①到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有:
A
液体类
:
water
:
juice,tea ,
soup ,milk,cola,coffee
B
肉类
:
meat
,
beef, pork,
mutton
C
粉末类:
bread
D
抽象名词类
news,information,money,advic
e,friendship,work,homework,
housework
schoolwork ,help ,fun,health,price
E
食物类
:
food, broccoli, rice, porridge, junk
food ,tofu
②不可数名词计量的表达
:
A
个数单位词:
piece
(张、片、块、条)
,
如:
a piece of news
B
容器单位词:
p>
bottle
(瓶)
,bag
(包)
,box
(盒、箱)如:
a bottle of milk
1
C
类别单位词:
kind(
种、类
)
D
度量衡单位词:
kilo(
千克、公斤
)
▲
翻译下面的词组
:
1.
两杯咖啡
:
2.
四块面包
:
3.
七袋大米:
4.
八只鹿:
5.
一滴水:
6.
三个男孩:
p>
(3)
名词所有格(翻译为:??的)
:<
/p>
构成方法
例句
一般在有生命名词后加
’s
构成
Linda
’
s desk
若以
s
结尾复数名词,则在
s
后加
’
s
,若不
the boys
’
friends
是以
s
结尾复数名词,则加
’
s
the
children
’
s day
表示几个人共同的东西,只在最后一个人后
Lucy and
Lily
’
s mother
加
’
s
表示
几个人都分别有的东西,则每个人都
Lucy
’
s and Lily
’
s book
加
’
s
表示时间、距离的名词可以加
’
s
或
’
构成所
Today
’
s newspaper
有格形式
Fifteen
minutes
’
walk
表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时,常省略所有
at my
uncle
’
s
格后面的名词
=at my
uncle
’
s home
表示无生
命事物的所有关系:一般用
..of..
结构来表示无生命的名
词所有格:
a map of China
中国地图
the name of the film
书的封面
the cover of the book
电影的名字
▲Ⅰ
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空:
1
.
The two girls
are
( Japan )
2. The
( baby ) are asleep
3. Do you know the two
( man teacher ) ?
▽当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时,这个名词一般用单数。
apple
tree
,
five apple
trees
,
a girl
friend
,
two girl
friends
,
a twin sister
但是,当
man
和
woman
作定语修饰复数名词时,就要用其复数形式。
men teachers
,
three women
doctors
4. The
( child ) are washing their
(
foot ) .
are two
(
people ) and lots of
( sheep ) in the fields .
6. September 10
is
( teacher ) Day .
7. I think
physics
( be )more interesting than maths
8. Don’t you think the
( radio ) are
too noisy ?
9. Whose
( knife )are these ?
10. “
Whose house is this ?” “ It’s the
(
Smith )” .
2
2. verb(v.)
动词
eg. do, make,
go, take, bring
英语中动词根据其后是否可以加宾语又分为:
Vt. (
及物动词)
eg. speak, give, sing
Vi.
(
不及物动词)
eg. run,
work
英语中动词有
5
中形态:原
形,第三人称单数形式,过去式,过去分词(用于完成时或被动
语态中)
,现在分词
do
does
did
done
doing
work
works
worked
worked
working
I
动词第三人称单数形式变化
(
三单变化
)
规则变化
动词原形
三单变化
直接
+s
help/make
p>
help
s
/make
s
以字母
s/x/ch/sh<
/p>
为
guess/wash/watch
guess
es
/wash
es
/watch
es
结尾
+es
以“辅音字母
+y
”
study/carry/fly
stud
ies
/carr
< br>ies
/fl
ies
为结尾,
变
y
为
i+es
以
o
为结
尾的部分
do/go
do
es
/go
es
单词
+es
特殊变化
have
has
II.
动词过去式和过去分词变化
(1)
规则变化
规则变化
动词原形
过去式和过去分词
直接
+ed
work/call/want
work
ed
/call
ed
/want<
/p>
ed
以
“辅音
字母
+y
”
为结尾,
< br>study/try/carry
stud
ied
p>
/tr
ied
/carr
ied
变
y
为
i+ed
重读闭音节元
音
+
辅音结
stop/plan
p>
sto
pped
/plan
ned
尾
+ed
以字母
e
为结尾
+d
live/hope
live
d
p>
/hope
d
(2)
不规则变化需要单独记忆
III
动词的现在分词形式变化
规则变化
动词原形
现在分词
直接
+ing
help/work
help
ing
/work
ing
以
e
为结尾,去
e
加
ing
make/move
mak
ing<
/p>
/mov
ing
重读闭音节元音
+
辅音结尾
get/
begin
get
ting
/beg
in
ning
+ing
以
ie
为结尾,
变
ie
为
y+ing
lie/die/tie
l
ying
/d
ying
/t
ying
⑴时态(找时间标志词)
:
一般现在时:
?
结构:
am / is / are
play / plays
3
?
判断:
sometimes, often,
usually, always, every,
在
if / as soon as
等
复合句中
,
主将从现
1.
If you
________ hard, you
will pass
the exam.
A. studies
B.
study
C.
will study
D. is studying
现在进行时:
?
结构:
am / is /are playing
?
判断:
Look, Listen, now,
Where
’
s
sb
?
?
典型例题:
1.
--
Where
’
s mom
? I want to
go shopping with her.
--She______ in the bedroom.
A. reads
B. read
C. is
reading
D. has read
一般过去时:
?
结构:
was / were
played
?
判断:
yesterday, last
…
,
…
ago
及语境
.
?
典型例题:
1.
--You look
tired. What
did
you do
yesterday
?
--I ______ till night.
A. works
B. worked
一般将来时:
?
结构:
will play
?
判断:
tomorrow,
next
…
及语境
,
在
if /as soon as
等主
从复合句中
,
主将从现
.
?
典型例题:
1. She
________ me
as soon as
she
gets there.
A. calls
B. call
C. called
D. will call
过去进行时:
?
结构:
was /were playing
?
判断:
at that time, at this time
,yesterday
,
by+
过去时间
,
by the end
of+
过去时间
常用于带有
when/ while
的主从复合句中
.
?
典型例题:
1.
Mom______ in the kitchen
when I
got
home.
A. cooks
B. cook
C. was cooking
D. cooked
2. I________ my homework
at
this time yesterday .
A. did
B. do
C. will do
D.
was doing
现在完成时(动作从过去持续到现在)
:
?
结构:
has / have
played
?
判断:
just,
already, yet, ever, never,
so
far
(到目前为止)
4
次数
(once,twice)
since+
时间点
, for +
时间段
, how
long
…
?
典型例题:
1. He______
in the factory
for two years.
A. works
B. worked
C. is working
D.
has worked
⑵被动语态,
(主语与谓语构成被动关系)
:主语
+be(am/is/w
as/were/will be)+done
如:
①
The hole
should
(dig) deep
enough.
②
The students
(tell) to clean the classroom.
情态动词(
can (could) ,may
(might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare
(dared)
敢
, need
p>
等
,
另外
,hav
e to
、
had
better
也当作情态动词使用)后加动词原形
▲
(1)
A
Tom _________
(come) from America.
Now
he
(teach)
English in a
middle
school in
Beijing.
In
his
free time, he
would
like
_
_______
(go) in for a traditional sport
so that
he can
(learn) more
about Chinese.
B
Now, people use
satellites
to
do many things.
So far
,
man
(invent) four kinds of satellites. One
of
them
(use) to study the
weather.
(2)
A
Henry,
a
14-year-
old
boy,
used
(be
)too
fat
to
play
sports.
He
went
to
the
doctor
and
(tell)
to
have
a
balanced
diet.
So he
tried
___
____
(not eat) too much meat
or
sugar because they might
make him get heavier. Now
he
isn
’
t fat at all. He does
sports every day
and
(become) a
member
of the
school
soccer
team.
Next
week
Henry
will
take
part
in
the
school
sports
meet.
B
5