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英语九大词性归纳

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2021-02-06 00:29
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2021年2月6日发(作者:阿富汗的首都)





























九大词性



1. noun(n.)


名词



to describe a person or thing


英语中的名词根据是否可数又分为可数与不可数名词。




1


)可数名词



①可数名词规则变化:



规则变化



构成方法



例词



一般情况




-s


如:


pens



girls






s, x, ch, sh



结尾




-es


如:


bus- buses



box-boxes





Watch- watchesdish-dishes



辅音字母


+y


结尾




y



i


再加

< p>
es


如:


baby- babies



family-families

< p>


元音字母


+y


结尾




-s


如:


boy- boys



day-days



辅音字母


+o


结尾




-es


如:


potatoes



tomatoes


元音字母


+o


结尾




-s


如:


photos



f



fe


结尾的




f



fe



v< /p>


再加


es


如:


half- halves



wife-wives






thief-thieves




可数名词不规则变化



A


、单复数同形:


deer-deer



fish-fish



sheep-sheep





B


、词尾发生变化:


ox-oxen




child-children


C



内部单词发生变化:


foot-feet




tooth-teeth



goose-geese



woman-women




man-men




mouse-mice




policeman-policemen


D


、表示某国人时


,


中日不变


,


英法变


,


其他国家加

< br>s




(1)Chinese- Chinese




Japanese-Japanese





(2)Frenchman- Frenchmen



Englishman- Englishmen





(3)German-Germans



Russian-Russians



Americans






特殊情况



i.



另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。




如:


people

< br>,


police



trouse rs



pants


< br>clothes



scissors


ii.


有些名词以


s


结尾,但不是复数形式,如:


news



maths



physics



politics


iii.


有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词,如:



room(


空间


)



a room(


房间


)




work(


工作


)



works(


著作


)



(2)


不可数名词:


(前面不能用


a,an

< p>
等来修饰)



①到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有:



A


液体类


:



water



juice,tea , soup ,milk,cola,coffee


B


肉类


:



meat



beef, pork, mutton


C


粉末类:


bread


D

< p>
抽象名词类


news,information,money,advic e,friendship,work,homework,


housework schoolwork ,help ,fun,health,price


E


食物类


:



food, broccoli, rice, porridge, junk food ,tofu


②不可数名词计量的表达


:


A


个数单位词:


piece


(张、片、块、条)


,


如:

a piece of news


B


容器单位词:


bottle


(瓶)


,bag


(包)


,box


(盒、箱)如:

a bottle of milk



1


C


类别单位词:


kind(


种、类


)



D


度量衡单位词:


kilo(


千克、公斤


)





翻译下面的词组


:


1.


两杯咖啡


:
































2.


四块面包


:
























3.


七袋大米:
































4.


八只鹿:























5.


一滴水:

































6.


三个男孩:























(3)


名词所有格(翻译为:??的)


:< /p>



构成方法



例句



一般在有生命名词后加


’s


构成




Linda



s desk


若以


s


结尾复数名词,则在

s


后加



s


,若不


the boys



friends





是以


s


结尾复数名词,则加



s


the children



s day


表示几个人共同的东西,只在最后一个人后


Lucy and Lily



s mother




s


表示 几个人都分别有的东西,则每个人都


Lucy



s and Lily



s book




s


表示时间、距离的名词可以加



s





构成所


Today



s newspaper


有格形式



Fifteen minutes



walk


表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时,常省略所有


at my uncle



s


格后面的名词



=at my uncle



s home


表示无生 命事物的所有关系:一般用


..of..


结构来表示无生命的名 词所有格:



a map of China




中国地图




the name of the film



书的封面



the cover of the book




电影的名字




▲Ⅰ



用括号中所给词的适当形式填空:



1



The two girls are














( Japan )



2. The
















( baby ) are asleep



3. Do you know the two















( man teacher ) ?



▽当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时,这个名词一般用单数。





apple tree



five apple trees



a girl friend



two girl friends



a twin sister



但是,当


man


woman


作定语修饰复数名词时,就要用其复数形式。





men teachers



three women doctors


4. The













( child ) are washing their

















( foot ) .


are two


















( people ) and lots of













( sheep ) in the fields .


6. September 10



is

















( teacher ) Day .


7. I think physics













( be )more interesting than maths



8. Don’t you think the















( radio ) are



too noisy ?


9. Whose


















( knife )are these ?


10. “ Whose house is this ?” “ It’s the


















( Smith )” .






2


2. verb(v.)


动词



eg. do, make, go, take, bring


英语中动词根据其后是否可以加宾语又分为:



Vt. (


及物动词)



eg. speak, give, sing


Vi. (


不及物动词)



eg. run, work


英语中动词有


5


中形态:原 形,第三人称单数形式,过去式,过去分词(用于完成时或被动


语态中)


,现在分词



do



does



did



done



doing


work



works



worked



worked



working



I


动词第三人称单数形式变化


(


三单变化


)


规则变化



动词原形



三单变化



直接


+s


help/make


help


s


/make

s



以字母


s/x/ch/sh< /p>



guess/wash/watch


guess


es


/wash


es


/watch


es



结尾


+es


以“辅音字母

< p>
+y



study/carry/fly


stud


ies


/carr

< br>ies


/fl


ies



为结尾,



y



i+es



o


为结 尾的部分


do/go


do


es


/go


es



单词


+es


特殊变化



have


has



II.


动词过去式和过去分词变化








(1)


规则变化



规则变化



动词原形



过去式和过去分词



直接


+ed


work/call/want


work

ed


/call


ed


/want< /p>


ed




“辅音 字母


+y



为结尾,

< br>study/try/carry


stud


ied


/tr


ied


/carr


ied




y



i+ed


重读闭音节元 音


+


辅音结


stop/plan


sto


pped


/plan


ned




+ed


以字母


e


为结尾


+d


live/hope


live


d


/hope


d



(2)


不规则变化需要单独记忆







III


动词的现在分词形式变化



规则变化



动词原形



现在分词



直接


+ing


help/work


help


ing


/work

< p>
ing




e

< p>
为结尾,去


e



ing


make/move


mak


ing< /p>


/mov


ing



重读闭音节元音


+


辅音结尾


get/ begin


get


ting


/beg in


ning



+ing

< p>


ie


为结尾,



ie



y+ing


lie/die/tie


l


ying


/d


ying


/t

ying




⑴时态(找时间标志词)







一般现在时:



?



结构:


am / is / are

















play / plays



3


?



判断:


sometimes, often, usually, always, every,





















if / as soon as


等 复合句中


,


主将从现



1.





If you


________ hard, you


will pass


the exam.








A. studies

















B. study
















C. will study















D. is studying




现在进行时:



?



结构:



am / is /are playing


?



判断:



Look, Listen, now, Where



s sb




?



典型例题:



1.



--


Where



s mom


? I want to go shopping with her.







--She______ in the bedroom.








A. reads




















B. read













C. is reading













D. has read



一般过去时:



?



结构:



was / were

















played


?



判断:



yesterday, last



,



ago


及语境


.


?



典型例题:



1.




--You look tired. What


did


you do


yesterday


?








--I ______ till night.








A. works


















B. worked








一般将来时:



?



结构:



will play


?



判断:



tomorrow, next



及语境


,



















if /as soon as


等主 从复合句中


,


主将从现


.



?



典型例题:



1. She ________ me


as soon as


she gets there.









A. calls








B. call





C. called












D. will call



过去进行时:



?



结构:



was /were playing


?



判断:



at that time, at this time ,yesterday


,



by+


过去时间


,



by the end of+


过去时间



常用于带有


when/ while


的主从复合句中


.



?



典型例题:



1.



Mom______ in the kitchen when I


got


home.








A. cooks





















B. cook










C. was cooking









D. cooked



2. I________ my homework


at this time yesterday .








A. did








B. do








C. will do







D. was doing



现在完成时(动作从过去持续到现在)




?



结构:



has / have played


?



判断:



just, already, yet, ever, never,


so far


(到目前为止)




4

















次数


(once,twice)



















since+


时间点


, for +


时间段


, how long





?



典型例题:



1. He______ in the factory


for two years.






A. works


















B. worked















C. is working














D. has worked



⑵被动语态,


(主语与谓语构成被动关系)


:主语


+be(am/is/w as/were/will be)+done


如:



The hole should















(dig) deep enough.



The students

















(tell) to clean the classroom.


情态动词(


can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared)




, need



,


另外


,hav e to



had better


也当作情态动词使用)后加动词原形





(1)



A







Tom _________ (come) from America.


Now


he







(teach)


English in a


middle


school in



Beijing.


In


his


free time, he



would


like



_


_______



(go) in for a traditional sport


so that


he can








(learn) more


about Chinese.



































































B







Now, people use satellites




to do many things.


So far


,


man








(invent) four kinds of satellites. One of


them








(use) to study the weather.







(2)



A







Henry,


a


14-year- old


boy,


used


(be


)too


fat


to


play


sports.


He


went


to


the


doctor


and









(tell)


to


have


a


balanced


diet.


So he


tried


___


____


(not eat) too much meat or



sugar because they might make him get heavier. Now


he isn



t fat at all. He does sports every day


and









(become) a


member


of the


school


soccer


team.


Next


week


Henry


will


take


part


in


the



school


sports


meet.




B




5

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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