-
副词
(
adv.
)
p>
修饰形容词或动词
,
形容词
(
adj.
)
修饰名词或者代
词
.
副词一般以
< br>ly
结尾
.
副词在句中作状语
,
一般靠近
谓语动词
< br>或者在句首或者句末
.
形容词靠近所修饰的名词或代词,
作定语
.
建议你多读英语课本,有
意识的分析句子的结构
,
找出主
.
p>
谓
.
宾
.
相信你的外语会
有明显的提高的
.
容易混淆的形容词和副词
形容词用来修饰名词;
副词用来修饰动词、
形容
词、
其他副词或整个句子。
可是,
有时
形容词和副词容易混淆。
例如
“A fast train
reached the destination fast”
中的
< br>第一个
“fast”
是形容词,第二个就是副词。此外,
有些词既能是形容词,也能是
副词,有些词义不变,另些词义不同;有些形容词加上后缀
“
-
ly”
构
成的副词和原
来的形容词意思相近,
但有一些意义则相差甚远;
更有些形容词,
除自己本身能
兼而充当
副词之外,又可以再加上后缀
“
-
ly
”
构成派生副词,若不小心,容易引起
混淆。
< br>
下面分别举例说明:
?可作形容词又可作副词,词义不同如:
①
a. Joelle is a pretty
child.
(形容词)
b.
Tom will be back pretty
soon.
(副词)
②
a.
The old man has been ill for some
time.
(形容词)
b.
Don't speak ill of
others.
(副词)
?既是形容词,也是副词,句子中
的语法功能不同,但意义一样,如:
③
a.
What a deep ocean it is
!
(深的)
b.
The boy dug deep into the
ground.
(深)
④
a.
Look at the high
mountain!
(高的)
b.
Birds fly high in the
sky.
(高)
?形容词可以充当副词,又可以加
上后缀,构成派生副词。在某些场合,两者相近,可以通用
(如例⑤和⑥);在另一些场
合里,两者意思有异,不可混为一谈(如例⑦和⑧):
⑤
a.
Hold it tight, please!
b. Hold it
tightly, please!
⑥
a. Please read
slower.
b. Please read more slowly.
⑦
a. John came
late yesterday.
(迟)
b. John has been working hard
lately.
(最近)
⑧
a.
Jason works hard.
(努力地)
b. Susan hardly
works.
(几乎不)
?有些形容词或副词,同时有多个意思,如:
⑨
a. Hard
labour
(苦工)
b.
Hard times
(艰难时代)
⑩
a.
The baby is fast
asleep.
(睡得熟)
b.
Run fast, please!
(
请快跑)
c. Hold the
rope fast!
(紧握绳索)
?同词
根的派生形容词和形容词及分词间,意思虽甚接近,但容易引起混乱,如:
11a. The child is
sleepy.
(昏昏欲睡)
b.
The child is still
asleep.
(还在睡眠中)
c.
Why are you looking at the sleeping
child?
(睡着的)
12a. Diana
feels lonely/ lonesome in the big
house.
(感到寂寞)
b.
Mary was alone in the office last
night.
(独自)
13a. Irene was
awake the whole night last
night.
(整夜未眠)
b.
Tom had a wakeful night last
night.
(整夜未眠)
c.
What did you do during your waking hours last
night?
(醒着的时刻)
(a)
和
(b)
意思相近,
< br>但
(a)
的
awake
只能作补足语;
(b)<
/p>
的
wakeful
< br>则没有这个局限。
(c)
里的
w
aking
现在分词和
(a)
及
p>
(b)
的两个形容词也似同非同,不易随意取代。
< br>
在英语中
,
某些形容词词形同
时也可作副词
,
但这些形容词还有加后缀
-ly
副词的形式
,
因
此这类词就有两种副词形式,它们在用法上有些可以互换,
有些是有区别,下面笔者
对这类词做一总结。
一般地说,
可以互换的这类词,
p>
形容词词形的副词表示比较具体的概念,
经常用语口
语中,不太正式;后缀
-ly
形式的副词,表示比较抽象的概念,有引申义,并有一定
感
情
色彩
,变副词比较级时,用此类副词,如修饰动词和分词,放在它们前面。
1) cheap: often used instead of
cheaply, esp. in casual conversation and with
verbs like buy
and sell
Do
you like this shirt? I bought it really cheaply.
cheaply
I can't
sell you more cheaply.
2)
clean: completely, used with (1) verb forget (2)
the proposition over, through (3) adv away
out
I ~ forget. The ball sailed
~ over the roof.
The prisoner
got ~ away. I am afraid I am clean out of food.
cleanly: precisely in a clean manner,
often used with v cut.
He caught the
ball ~ . The doctor cut ~ through the abdominal
wall.
3) clear: not touching
Please stand clear of the gate.
clearly: distinctly, obviously, similar
to the meaning of clear
I can't see ~
without my glasses.
We ~need to
think again.
4) close: near
Come close, I want to tell you
something.
closely: carefully, with
great attention
Study this ~
it's very important.
5) dead: exactly
completely, used in certain expressions
~ right, ~ sure, ` tired,
~ slow, ~ ahead, ~ drunk, ~ straight
deadly: fatally
He was ~
injured in the crash.
6) direct: used
instead of directly in talking about journeys and
timetables
The plane goes ~ from
London to Houston.
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