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adv,adj用法

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2021-02-05 18:04
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2021年2月5日发(作者:清淡)


副词


(


adv.


)


修饰形容词或动词


,


形容词


(


adj.


)


修饰名词或者代 词


.



副词一般以

< br>ly


结尾


.


副词在句中作状语


,


一般靠近


谓语动词

< br>或者在句首或者句末


.


形容词靠近所修饰的名词或代词, 作定语


.



建议你多读英语课本,有 意识的分析句子的结构


,


找出主


.



.



.


相信你的外语会


有明显的提高的


.



容易混淆的形容词和副词



形容词用来修饰名词;


副词用来修饰动词、


形容 词、


其他副词或整个句子。


可是,


有时 形容词和副词容易混淆。


例如


“A fast train reached the destination fast”


中的

< br>第一个


“fast”


是形容词,第二个就是副词。此外, 有些词既能是形容词,也能是


副词,有些词义不变,另些词义不同;有些形容词加上后缀



-


ly”


构 成的副词和原


来的形容词意思相近,


但有一些意义则相差甚远;


更有些形容词,


除自己本身能


兼而充当 副词之外,又可以再加上后缀



-


ly ”


构成派生副词,若不小心,容易引起


混淆。

< br>






下面分别举例说明:






?可作形容词又可作副词,词义不同如:







a. Joelle is a pretty child.


(形容词)







b. Tom will be back pretty soon.


(副词)







a. The old man has been ill for some time.


(形容词)







b. Don't speak ill of others.


(副词)






?既是形容词,也是副词,句子中 的语法功能不同,但意义一样,如:







a. What a deep ocean it is !


(深的)







b. The boy dug deep into the ground.


(深)







a. Look at the high mountain!


(高的)







b. Birds fly high in the sky.


(高)






?形容词可以充当副词,又可以加 上后缀,构成派生副词。在某些场合,两者相近,可以通用


(如例⑤和⑥);在另一些场 合里,两者意思有异,不可混为一谈(如例⑦和⑧):







a. Hold it tight, please!






b. Hold it tightly, please!






a. Please read slower.






b. Please read more slowly.




a. John came late yesterday.


(迟)







b. John has been working hard lately.


(最近)







a. Jason works hard.


(努力地)







b. Susan hardly works.


(几乎不)






?有些形容词或副词,同时有多个意思,如:







a. Hard labour


(苦工)







b. Hard times


(艰难时代)







a. The baby is fast asleep.


(睡得熟)







b. Run fast, please!




请快跑)







c. Hold the rope fast!


(紧握绳索)







?同词 根的派生形容词和形容词及分词间,意思虽甚接近,但容易引起混乱,如:






11a. The child is sleepy.


(昏昏欲睡)







b. The child is still asleep.


(还在睡眠中)







c. Why are you looking at the sleeping child?


(睡着的)






12a. Diana feels lonely/ lonesome in the big house.


(感到寂寞)







b. Mary was alone in the office last night.


(独自)






13a. Irene was awake the whole night last night.


(整夜未眠)







b. Tom had a wakeful night last night.


(整夜未眠)







c. What did you do during your waking hours last night?


(醒着的时刻)







(a)



(b)


意思相近,

< br>但


(a)




awake


只能作补足语;


(b)< /p>




wakeful

< br>则没有这个局限。


(c)


里的


w aking


现在分词和


(a)



(b)


的两个形容词也似同非同,不易随意取代。

< br>


在英语中


,


某些形容词词形同 时也可作副词


,


但这些形容词还有加后缀


-ly


副词的形式


,


< p>
此这类词就有两种副词形式,它们在用法上有些可以互换,



有些是有区别,下面笔者


对这类词做一总结。




一般地说,


可以互换的这类词,


形容词词形的副词表示比较具体的概念,



经常用语口


语中,不太正式;后缀


-ly


形式的副词,表示比较抽象的概念,有引申义,并有一定



情 色彩


,变副词比较级时,用此类副词,如修饰动词和分词,放在它们前面。



1) cheap: often used instead of cheaply, esp. in casual conversation and with verbs like buy


and sell






Do you like this shirt? I bought it really cheaply.


cheaply



I can't sell you more cheaply.



2) clean: completely, used with (1) verb forget (2) the proposition over, through (3) adv away


out






I ~ forget. The ball sailed ~ over the roof.






The prisoner got ~ away. I am afraid I am clean out of food.


cleanly: precisely in a clean manner, often used with v cut.






He caught the ball ~ . The doctor cut ~ through the abdominal wall.


3) clear: not touching






Please stand clear of the gate.


clearly: distinctly, obviously, similar to the meaning of clear






I can't see ~ without my glasses.






We ~need to think again.


4) close: near






Come close, I want to tell you something.


closely: carefully, with great attention






Study this ~ it's very important.


5) dead: exactly completely, used in certain expressions






~ right, ~ sure, ` tired,



~ slow, ~ ahead, ~ drunk, ~ straight


deadly: fatally






He was ~ injured in the crash.


6) direct: used instead of directly in talking about journeys and timetables






The plane goes ~ from London to Houston.


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