高级英语(张汉熙)资料

这才第一次

看见那些与泥土同色的可怜老妪的躯体——枯瘦的只剩下皮包 骨头、

被沉重的负荷压得

弯腰驼背的躯体。然而，我踏上摩洛哥 国土还不到五分钟就已注意到驴子的负荷过重，

并为此感到愤怒。驴子遭到荷虐，这是无 疑的事实。摩洛哥的驴子不过如一只瑞士雪山

救人犬一般大小，

可它驮负的货物重量在英国军队里让一头五英尺高的大骡子来驮都嫌

过重。而且，它还常 常是一连几个星期不卸驮鞍。尤其让人觉得可悲的是，它是世上最

驯服听话的牲畜。不需 要鞍辔会僵绳。它便会像狗一样更随着自己的主人。为主人拼命

干上十几年活后，它便猝 然倒地死去，这时，主人就把它仍进沟里，尸体未寒，其五脏

六腑便被村狗扒出来吃掉。

这种事情当然令人发指，可是，一般说来，人的苦难却没人理会。我并非在乱发议

皮破肉烂的驴子人人见了都会同情，

而那驮着大捆柴草的老妇人则往往要有某 种偶然因

素才会受到注意。

白鹳鼓翼被去时，黑人正行军南下 ——一列长长的满身征尘的队伍：步兵，炮队，

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高级英语（张汉熙）第二册

课文翻译与课后习题答案

接着又是更 多的步兵，总共大约四五千人，正靴声橐橐，车声辚辚地蜿蜒前行。

他们是 塞内加尔人，

是非洲肤色最黑的人——黑得简直难以看清他们颈项上的头发

从何处生起。

他们健硕的身躯罩在旧的卡其布制服里面，

脚上套着一双看上去像块木板

似的靴子，每个人头上戴着的钢盔似乎都小了一两号。 天气正热

,

队伍已经走了很长一

段路， 士兵们都被沉重的包袱压得疲惫不堪，敏感得出奇的黑脸颊上汗水闪闪发光。

当他们 走过时，一个身体欣长，年纪很轻的黑人回头后顾，和我的目光相遇。他的

那种目光完全 超出人们意料之外。既不带敌意，又不含轻蔑，也没有愠怒，甚至连好奇

的成分都没有。 那是一种羞怯的，瞪圆双眼的黑人的目光，实际上就是一种表示深厚敬

意的目光。这种情 况我是了解的。这可怜的小伙子，因为成了法国公民，所以被从森林

里拉出来送到军队驻 扎的城镇去擦洗地板，

并染上了梅毒。

他对于白种人的确是满怀 敬

意的。过去别人教导他说白种人是他的主人，对此他至今深信不疑。

< br>

然而，无论哪一个白人（哪怕是那些自称为社会主义者的人也不例外），当他望着

一支 黑人军队从身边开过时，

都会想到同一桩事：

“我们还能愚弄他 们多久？他们倒戈

相向的日子离现在还有多远？”

真是怪 有意思的。在场的每一个白人心里都有着这样一个共同的心思。我有，其他

旁观者也有， 骑在汗涔涔的战马上的军官们有，走在队伍中的白人军士也有。这是大家

心里都明白而有 彼此心照不宣的秘密，

只有那些黑人对此尚茫然不知。

看着这列 一两英

里长的队伍静静地向前开进，真好像看着一群牛羊一样，而那掠过它们头顶、朝着 相反

方向高翔的大白鹳恰似片片碎纸在空中泛着点点银光。

(

摘自卡罗林·什罗茨等合编《修辞读物》

)

习题全解

Ⅰ

. Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca,

the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centers of Morocco. It

was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was

captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters.

Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.

Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest

west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About

2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs

invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early

19th

century

Morocco

was

almost

entirely

free

from

foreign

influence.

But

in

1912,

a

Franco-

Spanish

agreement

divided

Morocco

into

4

administrative

zones.

It

gained

independence

in

1956

and

became

a

constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the

Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often

use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place

in the desert.

Ⅱ

. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy,

an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~

(d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood.

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高级英语（张汉熙）第二册

课文翻译与课后习题答案

2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.

3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as

human be rags.

4.

Medieval

ghettoes

were

probably

like

the

Jewish

quarters

in

Marrakech--overcrowded,

thousands

of

people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.

5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.

6. Those who work with their hands are partly in

visible. It?s only because of this that the starved countries of

Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact

that all colonial empires are in reality founded.

7. See paragraph 18.

8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being.

She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.

9, Every white man thought.

turn their guns in the other direction?

Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves.

Ⅲ

. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing

the poverty, misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.

2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of

words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes

these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern

towards the fate of the human beings.

3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the

breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that

the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.

4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged.

This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's

poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact--gives unity

and cohesion to the whole essay.

5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an

6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he

describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers

the

central

idea

colonial

empires

are

in

reality

founded

upon

this

fact

the

fact

that

the

people

are

not

considered or treated as human beings.

IV

. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a

deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.

2.

All

the

imperialists

build

up

their

empires

by

treating

the

people

in

the

colonies

like

animals

(by

not

treating the people in the colonies as human beings).

3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves

without a name.

4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape

to the chair-legs he is making.

5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.

6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly

afford.

7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.

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高级英语（张汉熙）第二册

课文翻译与课后习题答案

8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.

9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips

42V

．Ⅵ．Ⅶ

. would not be interesting)

．

10

．

life is very hard for ninety percent of the people

．

With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little

food on the poor soil

．

11

．

She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community

，

that

。

she was only fit

for doing heavy work like an animal

．

12

．

People with brown skins are almost invisible

．

13

．

The Senegales soldiers were wearing ready

—

made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well

—

built

bodies

．

14

．

How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?

。

15

．

Every white man

，

the onlookers

，

the officers on their horses and the white N

．

C

．

Os

．

marching with

the black soldiers

，

had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind

．

Ⅴ

.See the translation of the text

．

Ⅵ

.1

．

chant

：

words repeated in a monotonous tone of voice

2

．

navvy

：

abbreviation

of “navigator”

，

a British word meaning an unskilled laborer

，

as on canals

< br>，

，

roads

，

etc

．

3

．

Sto w

：

put or hide away in a safe place

4

< br>．

warp

：

bend