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初一英语阅读理解的解题技巧北京实验版
【
本讲教育信息
】
一、教学内容：
阅读理解的解题技巧
二、教学目标：
初步培养学生的阅读能力
三、教学重点：
学生阅读能力的形成
四、重点知识讲解：
（一）阅读理解题型：
阅读理解题一般有以下几种形式：
1)
根据短文内容，判断正、误
2)
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案
3)
根据短文内容，回答问题
4)
根据短文内容，填写表格
5)
根据短文内容，在改写后的短文中填词
（二）阅读文体：
阅读理解部分的短
文内容非常广泛，有人物传记、政治经济、天文史地、社会文化、科
普小品、风土人情、
幽默故事及日常生活的各个方面等。
（三）阅读理解的应试策略
提高英
语阅读水平并非是一朝一夕所能奏效的。
要想具有较高的阅读水平，
同学们就必
须具备扎实的语法知识，
相当数量的词汇，
渊博的背景知识，
过硬的专业知识以及较高的分
析能力、
认识能力和逻辑思维能力等。
阅读理解中的试题往
往就短文中容易误解和忽略之处
灵活地提出问题，
所用的句型和
词语也往往不同于短文中相应部分的句型和词语。
掌握丰富
的词
汇及必要的语法知识是提高阅读理解能力的先决条件，
而了解文化差异及历史背景常常<
/p>
也是十分重要的。
因此，
同学们应该对讲
英语国家的风土人情及历史发展有一般的常识，
同
时对科普、科
幻、天文、地理等都要有所了解。这就要求我们除了掌握好语言基础知识外，
还必须经常
大量阅读各种体裁、题材的英语读物，如《英语辅导报》
、
《英
语沙龙》
、
《英语学
习》等报刊上的文
章。每天要根据自己的情况尽可能地多读几篇，这样长期坚持下去，词汇
量会得到扩大，
知识面能得到拓宽，阅读速度也会逐步加快，语言感受能力将会增强，因而
阅读水平也会
随之提高。
（四）阅读理解题的解题技巧：
1.
通读全文，掌握大意
做阅读理解题一
定要学会通过快速阅读，
从整体上理解短文的大意及中心思想，
领会出
题人的意图。
切忌人为地将短文搞得支离破碎，
逐词逐句地去感知材料，
看一句或几句做一
个题
目，
这样会影响答题的正确率。
但是对于一些长句和难句要作语
法分析，
以便掌握短文
的大意和每个句子的确切含义。
短文的开头和结尾往往是全文内容的概括，
对理解、
推理都
会有很大的帮助。
2.
细审题意，获取信息
认真审阅文后的
试题。在审题时要弄清楚试题问的是细节（如人物、时间、地点）还是
主题大意；是事实
还是观点；是从正面问还是从反面问。看清试题后，带着问题再回到正文
中去寻找有关的
句子、
段落，
获取重要的信息。
然后把
所获得的信息点与所给的答案逐一进
行认真的比较，以便作出正确的判断。
3.
分层推理，正确答题
有些理解题可以
直接从短文中找到答案。
有些深层次的试题在短文中找不到直接的信息
< br>点，
要经过分析推理，
从已有的信息链中判断文章的意思
，
即应以短文中提供的间接信息点
为依据，
根据作者的意图，
凭借你们自己的社会文化知识和生活经验，
加进短文中所没有明
确表述的却又与主题有联系的思想和信息，进行合乎逻辑的推理，
从而确定正确的选项。
【典型例题】
A
Last year, we had an
English teacher from the United States. We called
him Mr. Black. He
often told us,
“English is very useful in the world.” He taught
us very well. He was strict with us
all. In class he always gave us more
time to speak English. At first I could hardly
understand a
word and I could not talk
in English at all. But soon I found English was
not so hard and I could
talk to my
classmates in English. So I began to like it very
much.
Now Mr. Black taught in another
school. This year we have a new teacher, Mrs.
Green. She
also teaches us very
carefully. She often asks us to
recite
（
背诵）
the
texts and play games. With the
help of
the two foreign teachers, we all have made
progress.
Now I am enjoying studying
this subject. I am sure I will learn a lot this
year.
1. This year our English teacher
is still Mr. Black.
(A)
true
(B) false
2. Mr. Black told us that English was
the most important language in the world.
(A) true
(B) false
3. In
Mr. Black
’
s class, students
do not have much time to speak English.
(A) true
(B) false
4.
Mrs. Green often plays games with us.
(A) true
(B)
false
5.
“
I
”
like English study.
(A)
true
(B) false
B
“Ladies
and
gentlemen,
this
is
your
pilot
speaking.
I
hope
you
are
enjoying
your
flight
to
Milan this morning. Now we are passing
over the nice city of Geneva, in the west of
Switzerland.
If you are sitting on the
left hand side of the plane, you can see the city
from the window. We are
flying at
10,000 metres and we are flying at a speed of 700
km / h. I’m afraid the weather in Milan
this morning is not v
ery
good. It’s raining and there’s a light wind
blowing. Enjoy the rest of your
flight.
Thank you for flying with us today.”
1. They are flying to Milan_____.
A. in the evening
B. in the
morning
C. at noon
D.
tomorrow
2. Geneva City is
in the _______ of Switzerland
A. east
B. north
C. west
D. south
3. They can see Geneva City ____ of the
place.
A. on the right side
B. from the right window
C. next to Milan
D. on the left side
4. The plane is flying ______ metres an
hour at the moment
A. one
thousand
B. ten thousand
C. seven hundred
D. seven hundred thousand
5. What
’
s the
weather like it Milan this morning?
A. It’s rainy and windy.
B. It’s very good.
C. It’s snowing and there’s a light
wind.
D. It’s nice and sunny.
C
The earth
moves round the sun, and the moon moves round the
earth. When our part of the
earth turns
to the sun, it is day, When our part of the earth
turns away from the sun, it is night.
The sun is much bigger than the moon.
But sometimes the moon looks bigger than the sun,
because it
’
s much
nearer to the earth.
The sun is very
bright .It gives a very strong light .The moon
looks quite bright, too. But it
doesn
’
t give any
light at all.
The moon looks much
bigger and brighter than the stars .But actually
（事实上）
the stars are
much bigger and brighter than the moon.
They look smaller than the moon because
they
’
re much
farther away from us.
1.
moves
round
（围着转）
_____.
A. The earth, the moon
B.
The moon, the earth
C. The
moon, the stars
D.
The sun, the earth
2.
Sometimes the moon looks bigger than the sun,
because______.
A. it is
much bigger than the sun
B.
it comes out only at night
C. it is much nearer to the earth than
the sun
D. it
doe
sn’t give a very strong light
3. The sun ______.
A. is very bright, and it gives a very
strong light
B. isn’t
bright, but it gives a very strong light
C. is very big, but it
doesn’t give any light at all
D. is very round, but it can’t move
round
4. The stars ______.
A. look much bigger than
the sun
B. look much
brighter than the moon
C.
are a lot brighter than the moon, but they are not
bigger than the moon
D. are
much farther away from us than the moon
5.
When
（当……时）
it is day, ____.
A. our part of the earth
turns to
（转到）
the moon
B. the sun looks much
smaller than the stars