-
短文改错口诀：
动词形
,
名词数
,
注意是形还是副
;
非谓动词细辨别
,
习
惯用法要记住
;
句子成分多分析
,
逻辑错误须关注。
一．
动词形
主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：
My favourite sport is football.
I was a member of our school football team. is
Now my picture and prize is hanging in
the library. are
上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、
谓不一致错误。
找出此类
错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，
注意短文内
容发生或存在的
时间，保持时间概念的一致性。
二．
名词数
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。
常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：
?
so that
I
’
ll get good marks in all
my subject. subjects
三．
区分形和副
及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。
这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：
I
’
m sure
we
’
ll have a wonderfully
time together. wonderful
Unfortunate, there are too many people
in my family. Unfortunately
需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能
在句子中作状语，修饰动词、
<
/p>
形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的
wonderful
作定语修饰
time
，第二句的
Unfortunately
作状语修饰
整个句子。
四．
非谓动词细辨别
这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，
也包括不定式类错误。例如：
?
in my spare time, but now I
am interesting in football. interested
Play football not only makes us grow
up tall and strong but also
?
playing
My parents love
me
?
and will do all they can
∧
make
sure
?
to
上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一
般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而
过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定
式有将来时态的含义。
五．
习惯用法要记住
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点
，其错误表现形式主要有三种：
多词、少词和搭配错误。
例如：
It was very kind for them to meet me at
the railway station and
?
of
We must keep in
mind that we play for the team instead
∧
ourselves. of
六．
句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；
不
同的语景要选择不同的词语。
这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作
< br>细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：
They
∧
eager to know everything
about China and
?
were
I live in
Beijing, where is the capital of China. which
第一例漏掉了谓语动词
were
，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句
子中的成分
不相符，
where
是副词
，不能作主语。
七．
逻辑错误须关注
与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如
称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位
等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。
例如：
The Smiths did his best to make me feel
at home. their
First, let me tell you something more
about myself.
去掉
more
?
no
way
of
setting
the
matter
except
by
selling
the
someone
at
home
reads
instead.
everyone
上述第一例中的主语是
Smiths
（史密斯夫妇俩）
，因此后面的
his
不合逻辑。第二例中的
more
在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告
诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”？第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时
的争端，
“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用
everyone
。
除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词
but,
and,
or
和
so
的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误）
，
以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：
She was smiling but nodding at me. and
It looks as if my parents
treat me as a visitor and a guest. or
We may be one family and live under a
same roof. the
下面是全国高考试题中的短文改错题。
这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。
现在请你试着做一做，
然后参阅题后
的答案与简析。
Last week my parents and I
took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan. As
everyone knows, it
’
s famous
76. _____
Mountain with all kinds of plants and
animals. The weather 77. _____
Was fine. It was about noon
we arrived at the foot of 78. _____
the mountain,
the three of them were very excited. As we
79. _____
climbed the mountain, we ed monkeys,
visiting temples 80. _____
and told stories. On the
way up I was busy taking picture 81._____
since the
scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly.
82. _____
Evening came down. We spent the night
in a hotel at the top 83. _____
of the mountain. The food
was expensive and the service was 84. _____
good. I was so
tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85.
_____
head
touched the pillow.
答案与简析：
76.
famous
前加上
a
。<
/p>
（名词数）
。
77.
正确
78.
we
前面加
when
，引导一个时间状语从句。
（句子成分多
分析）
79.
them
→
us
（逻辑错误须关注）
80.
vis
iting
→
visited
（非谓动
词细辨别）
81.
picture
→
pictures
（名词数）
82. passes
→
passed
（动词形）
83.
去掉
down<
/p>
（习惯用法要记住）
84. and
→
but
（
but, and,
or
和
so
）
85.
去掉
at
（句子成分多分析<
/p>
/
习惯用法要记住）
。
短文改错解题思路和检查原则
1
）句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；
2
）谓语动词的时态、语态；
3
）非谓语动词的用法；
4
）名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；
5
）定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；
6
）代词的格和性的使用是否有误；
7
）定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；
8
）并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词
用的是否得当。
例题分析
Tom and Dick are next door neighbor who
work 1.________
in
the same office so they walked together to and
from 2.________
office. Some
day as they were walking home together it
3.________
sudden started to rain. Tom
quickly opened his umbrella 4.________
and said,
预见
) .
She said 5.________
on this
morning it would rain and told me to carry my
6.________
umbrella with
me.
carry an umbrella and as
she knew you would certainly
9.________
have with
you.
1.
首先
通读全文，掌握大意
此文讲述的是邻居
Tom
和
Dick
的故事。
2.
整句分析，逐行推敲