-
2006
年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一
）试题
Section I Use of
English
Directions:
Read
the following text. Choose the best word(s) for
each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D]
on
ANSWER SHEET 1. (10
points)
The homeless
make up a growing percentage of America’s
population. 1 , homelessness has
reached such
proportions that local
governments can’t possibly
2 . To help
homeless people 3 independence, the federal
government must support job training
programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-
cost housing.
5
everyone agrees on the number of
Americans who are homeless. Estimates 6 anywhere
from 600,000 to 3
million. 7 the figure
may vary, analysts do agree on another matter:
that the number of the homeless is 8 . One of
the federal government’s
studies
9 that the number of the
homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end
of this
decade.
Finding ways to 10this growing homeless
population has become increasingly difficult.11
when homeless
individuals manage to
find a 12 that will give them three meals a day
and a place to sleep at night, a good
number still spend the bulk of each day
13 the street. Part of the problem is that many
homeless adults are
addicted to alcohol
or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless
have serious mental disorders. Many
others, 14 not addicted or mentally
ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to
turn their lives 16 .
Boston
Globe
reporter Chris Reidy
notes that the situation will improve only when
there are 17 programs that address
the
many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski,
director of community service at Bentley College
in
Massachusetts, 19
it,
“There has to be
20
of
programs. What’s needed is a package
deal.”
1.[A] Indeed
[B] Likewise
[C]
Therefore
[D]
Furthermore
2.[A] stand
[B] cope
[C] approve
[D] retain
3.[A] in
[B] for
[C] with
[D]
toward
4.[A] raise
[B] add
[C] take
[D]
keep
5.[A] Generally
[B] Almost
[C] Hardly
[D] Not
6.[A] cover
[B]
change
[C] range
[D]
differ
7.[A] Now that
[B] Although
[C] Provided
[D] Except
that
8.[A] inflating
[B] expanding
[C] increasing
[D] extending
9.[A] predicts
[B] displays
[C] proves
[D] discovers
10.[A] assist
[B] track
[C] sustain
[D]
dismiss
11.[A] Hence
[B]
But
[C]
Even
[D]
Only
12.[A] lodging
[B] shelter
[C] dwelling
[D] house
13.[A] searching
[B] strolling
[C] crowding
[D] wandering
14.[A] when
[B] once
[C] while
[D] whereas
15.[A] life
[B] existence
[C] survival
[D] maintenance
16.[A] around
[B] over
[C] on
[D] up
17.[A] complex
[B] comprehensive
[C]complementary
[D]
compensating
18.[A] So
[B] Since
[C] As
[D] Thus
19.[A]
puts
[B] interprets
[C] assumes
[D] makes
20.[A]
supervision
[B]
manipulation
[C] regulation
[D]
coordination
Section II
Reading Comprehension
Part
A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer
the questions below each text by choosing [A],
[B], [C], or [D]. Mark
your answers on
ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In spite
of “endless talk of difference,” American society
is an amazing machine for
homogenizing
people. There
is “the democratizing
uniformity of dress and discourse, and the
casualness and absence of deference”
characteristic of popular culture.
People are absorbed into “a culture of
consumption” launched by the
19th-
century department
stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an
elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate
shops catering to a
knowledgea
ble elite” these were stores
“anyone could enter, regardless of class or
background. This turned shopping into a
public and democratic act.” The mass media,
advertising and sports are
other forces
for ants are quickly fitting into this common
culture, which may not be
altogether
elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the
National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez
reports that today’s immigration is
neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to
assimilation. In 1998
immigrants were
9.8 percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6
percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1
immigrants arrived for every 1,000
residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for
every 1,000. Now, consider
three
indices of
assimilation
—
language, home
ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a
majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen
most common countries of
origin spoke
English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of
residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be
bilingual
and proficient in
English. “By the third generation, the original
language is lost in the majority of
immigrant families.” Hence the
description of America as a “graveyard” for
languages. By 1996 foreign
-born
immigrants who had arrived before 1970
had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher
than the 69.8 percent
rate among
native-born Americans.
Foreign-
born Asians and
Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than
do U.S.
-
born whites and
blacks.” By
the third generation, one
third of Hispanic women are married to non-
Hispanics, and 41 percent of
Asian-
American women are married to non-
Asians.
Rodriguez notes that
children in remote villages around the world are
fans of superstars like Arnold
Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet
“some Americans fea
r that immigrants
living within the United States
remain
somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative
power.”
Are
there divisive issues and pockets of seething
anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have
a bit of
everything. But particularly
when vie
wed against America’s turbulent
past, today’s social indices hardly suggest
a dark and deteriorating social
environment.
21. The word
“homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably
means ________.
[A]
identifying
[B]
associating
[C]
assimilating
[D]
monopolizing
22. According
to the author, the department stores of the 19th
century ________.
[A] played
a role in the spread of popular culture
[B] became intimate shops for common
consumers
[C] satisfied the
needs of a knowledgeable elite
[D] owed its emergence to the culture
of consumption
23. The text
suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.
________.
[A] are resistant
to homogenization
[B] exert
a great influence on American culture
[C] are hardly a threat to the common
culture
[D] constitute the
majority of the population
24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and
Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
[A] To prove their popularity around
the world.
[B] To reveal the
public’s fear of immigrants.
[C] To give examples of successful
immigrants.
[D] To show the
powerful influence of American culture.
25. In the author’s opinion, the
absorption of immigrants into American society is
_______.
[A]
rewarding
[B]
successful
[C]
fruitless
[D]
harmful
Text 2
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has
only one industry
—
William
Shakespeare
—
but there are
two distinctly
separate and
increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal
Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents
superb productions of the plays at the
Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And
there are the townsfolk
who largely
live off the tourists who come, not to see the
plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage,
Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other
sights.
The worthy residents
of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny
totheir revenue. They frankly dislike the
RSC’s actors, them with their long hair
and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all
deliciously ironic when you
consider that Shakespeare, who earns
their living, was himself an actor (with a beard)
and did his share of
noise-
making.
The tourist streams
are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come
by bus
—
and often take in
Warwick Castle
and Blenheim Palace on
the side
—
don’t usually see
the plays, and some of them are even surprised to
find a
theatre in Stratford. However,
the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing
along with their playgoing. It is the
playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring
in much of the town’s revenue because they spend
the night (some of
them four or five
nights) pouring cash into the hotels and
restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything
and
get out of town by
nightfall.
The townsfolk
don’t see it this way and the local council does
not contribute directly to the subsidy of the
Royal
Shakespeare Company. Stratford
cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel
in town seems to be adding a
new wing
or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own
hotel there, which you may be sure will be
decorated
with Hamlet Hamburger Bars,
the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and
so forth, and will be very
expensive.
Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand
why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy.
(The theatre has
broken attendance
records for three years in a row. Last year its
1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year
long and this year they’ll
do
better.) The reason, of course, is
that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have
stayed low.
It
would be a shame to raise prices too much because
it would drive away the young people who are
Stratford’s
most attractive clientele.
They come entirely for the plays, not the sights.
They all seem to look alike (though
they come from all
over)
—
lean, pointed,
dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating
their buns and
bedding down for the
night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy
the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets
held for the sleepers and sold to them
when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.
26. From the first two paragraphs, we
learn that ________.
[A] the
townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the
town’s revenue
[B] the
actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off
stage
[C] the two branches
of the RSC are not on good terms
[D] the townsfolk earn little from
tourism
27. It can be
inferred from Paragraph 3 that
________.
[A] the sightseers
cannot visit the Castle and the Palace
separately
[B] the playgoers
spend more money than the sightseers
[C] the sightseers do more shopping
than the playgoers
[D] the
playgoers go to no other places in town than the
theater
28. By saying
“Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2,
Paragraph 4), t
he author implies
that
______.
[A] Stratford cannot afford the
expansion projects
[B]
Stratford has long been in financial
difficulties
[C] the town is
not really short of money
[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly
paid
29. According to the
townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because
________.
[A]
ticket prices can be raised to cover the
spending
[B] the company is
financially ill-managed
[C]
the behavior of the actors is not socially
acceptable
[D] the theatre
attendance is on the rise
30. From the text we can conclude that
the author ________.
[A] is
supportive of both sides
[B]
favors the townsfolk’s view
[C] takes a detached
attitude
[D] is sympathetic
to the RSC
Text 3
When prehistoric man arrived in new
parts of the world, something strange happened to
the large animals: they
suddenly became
extinct. Smaller species survived. The large,
slow-growing animals were easy game, and were
quickly hunted to extinction. Now
something similar could be happening in the
oceans.
That the seas are
being overfished has been known for years.
Whatresearchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris
Worm have shown is just how fast things
are changing. They have looked at half a century
of data from fisheries
around the
world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate
the actual biomass (the amount of living
biological
matter) of fish species in
particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes
in that biomass over time. According to
their latest paper published
in
Nature
, the biomass of
large predators (animals that kill and eat other
animals) in a
new fishery is reduced on
average by 80% within 15 years of the start of
exploitation. In some long-fished areas,
it has halved again since
then.
Dr. Worm acknowledges
that these figures are conservative. One reason
for this is that fishing technology has
improved. Today’s vessels can find
their prey using satellites and sonar, which were
not available 50 years ago.
That means
a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being
caught, so the real difference between present and
past is likely to be worse than the one
recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early
days, too, longlines would
have been
more saturated with fish. Some individuals would
therefore not have been caught, since no baited
hooks would have been available to trap
them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks
in the past. Furthermore,
in the early
days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost
to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no
longer a problem, because there are
fewer sharks around now.
Dr.
Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a
correct baseline, which future management efforts
must
take into account. They believe
the data support an idea current among marine
biologists, that of the “shifting
baseline”. The notion is that people
have failed
to detect the massive
changes which have happened in the ocean
because they have been looking back
only a relatively short time into the past. That
matters because theory
suggests that
the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped
from a fishery comes when the biomass of a
target species is about 50% of its
original levels. Most fisheries are well below
that, which is a bad way to do
business.
31. The
extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted
to suggest that ________.
[A] large animals were vulnerable to
the changing environment
[B]
small species survived as large animals
disappeared
[C] large sea
animals may face the same threat today
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-
growing ones
32. We can
infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that
_______
_.
[A] the
stock of large predators in some old fisheries has
reduced by 90%
[B] there are
only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years
ago
[C] the catch sizes in
new fisheries are only 20% of the original
amount
[D] the number of
large predators dropped faster in new fisheries
than in the old
33. By
saying “these figures are conservative” (Line 1,
paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that
________.
[A]
fishing technology has improved rapidly
[B] then catch-sizes are actually
smaller than recorded
[C]
the marine biomass has suffered a greater
loss
[D] the data collected
so far are out of date
34.
Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that
________.
[A] people should
look for a baseline that can work for a longer
time
[B] fisheries should
keep their yields below 50% of the
biomass
[C] the ocean
biomass should be restored to its original
level
[D] people should
adjust the fishing baseline to the changing
situation
35. The author
seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’
________.
[A] management
efficiency
[B] biomass
level
[C] catch-size
limits
[D] technological
application
Text
4
Many things make people
think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be
this: artists’ only job is to explore
emotions, and yet they choose to focus
on the ones that feel bad.
This wasn’t always so. The earliest
forms of art, like painting and music, are those
best suited for expressing joy.
But
somewhere from the 19th century onward, more
artists began seeing happiness as meaningless,
phony or,
worst of all, boring, as we
went
from Wordsworth’sdaffodils to
Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.
You could argue that art became more
skeptical of happiness because modern times have
seen so much misery.
But it’s not as if
earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster
and the massacre of
innocents. The
reason, in
fact, may be just the
opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the
world today.
After all, what
is the one modern form of expression almost
completely dedicated to depicting happiness?
Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art
almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,
and with it, a
commercial culture in
which happiness is not just an ideal but an
ideology.
People
in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of
misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with
few
protections and died young. In the
West, before mass communication and literacy, the
most powerful mass
medium was the
church, which reminded worshippers that their
souls were in danger and that they would
someday be meat for worms. Given all
this, they did not exactly need their art to be a
bummer too.
Today the
messages the average Westerner is surrounded with
are not religious but commercial, and forever
happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors,
text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling.
Our magazines feature
beaming
celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.
And since these messages have an
agenda
—
to lure us
to open our
wallets
—
they make the very
idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”
commanded the ads for
the arthritis
drug Celebrex, before we found out it could
increase the risk of heart attacks.
But what we
forget
—
what our economy
depends on us forgetting
—
is
that happiness is more than pleasure without
pain. The things that bring the
greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss
and disappointment. Today,
surrounded
by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell
us, as religion once did,
Memento
mori
: remember
that you will
die, that everything ends, and that happiness
comes not in denying this but in living with it.
It’s a
message even more bitter than a
clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh
air.
36. By citing the
examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the
author intends to show that ________.
[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy
as painting or music
[B] art
grows out of both positive and negative
feelings
[C] poets today are
less skeptical of happiness
[D] artists have changed their focus of
interest
37. The word
“bummer” (Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably means
something ________.
[A]
religious
[B]
unpleasant
[C]
entertaining
[D]
commercial
38. In the
author’s opinion, advertising ________.
[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-
happy art
[B] is a cause of
disappointment for the general public
[C] replace the church as a major
source of information
[D]
creates an illusion of happiness rather than
happiness itself
39. We can
learn from the last paragraph that the author
believes ________.
[A]
happiness more often than not ends in
sadness
[B] the anti-happy
art is distasteful but refreshing
[C] misery should be enjoyed rather
than denied
[D] the anti-
happy art flourishes when economy booms
40. Which of the following is true of
the text?
[A] Religion once
functioned as a reminder of misery.
[B] Art provides a balance between
expectation and reality.
[C]
People feel disappointed at the realities of
modern society.
[D] Mass media are inclined to cover
disasters and deaths.
Part
B
Directions:
In the following article, some
sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45,
choose the most suitable one
from the
list A-G to fit into each of numbered gaps. There
are two extra choices, which you do not need to
use.
Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET
1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river
sits Evansville, Ind.,
home of David
Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place
where gambling games are played). During
several years of gambling in that
casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $$35,000
a year, lost approximately
$$175,000. He
had never gambled before the casino sent him a
coupon for $$20 worth of gambling.
He visited the casino, lost the $$20 and
left. On his second visit he lost $$800. The casino
issued to him, as a good
customer, a
“Fun Card”, which when used in the casino earns
points for meals and drinks, and enables the
casino
to track the user’s gambling
activities. For Williams, these activities become
what he calls “electronic heroin”.
(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $$21,000
to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he
lost $$72,186. He
sometimes played two
slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat
docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard
when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he
is suing the casino, charging that it should have
refused his patronage
because it knew
he was addicted. It did know he had a
problem.
In March 1998 a
friend of Williams’s got
him
involuntarily confined to a treatment center for
addictions, and
wrote to inform the
casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino
included a photo of Williams
among
those of banned gamblers, and wrote to
him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting
the
“medical/psychological”
nature of problem gambling behavior,
the letter said that before being readmitted to
the casino he would have to
present
medical/psychological information demonstrating
that patronizing the casino would pose no threat
to his
safety or well-being.
(42) ________.
The Wall Street Journal
reports that the casino has 24 signs
warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with
your
head, not over it.” Every entrance
ticket lists a toll
-free number for
counseling from the Indiana Department of
Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s
suit charges that the casino, knowing he was
“helplessly addicted to
gambling,”
intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in
conduct against his will.” Well.
(43) ________.
The fourth edition of
the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders
says “pathological
gambling”
involves persistent,
recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money
than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of
a windfall.
(44)
________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be
science,society is reclassifying what once were
considered character flaws or moral
failings as personality disorders akin to physical
disabilities.
(45)
________.
Forty-four states
have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these
states are to varying degrees dependent
on
—
you might say addicted
to
—
revenues from wagering.
And since the first Internet gambling site was
created in
1995, competition for
gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28
issue of
Newsweek
reported that 2
million
gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos
every week
. With $$3.5
billion being lost on Internet wagers this
year, gambling has passed pornography
as the Web’s most profitable business.
[A] Although no such evidence was
presented, the casino’s marketing department
continu
ed to pepper him with
mailings. And he entered the casino and
used his Fun Card without being
detected.
[B] It is unclear
what luring was required, given his compulsive
behavior. And in what sense was his will
operative?
[C] By
the time he had lost $$5,000 he said to himself
that if he could get back to even, he would quit.
One night
he won $$5,500, but he did not
quit.
[D] Gambling has been
a common feature of American life forever, but for
a long time it was broadly considered
a
sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social
policy: the most important and aggressive promoter
of gambling in
America is the
government.
[E] David
Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling
nation. But don’t bet on it.
[F] It is worrisome that society is
medicalizing more and more behavioral problems,
often defining as addictions
what
earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness
of will.
[G] The anonymous,
lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is
especially conducive to compulsive
behavior. But even if the government
knew how to move against Internet gambling, what
would be its grounds
for doing
so?
Part C
Directions:
Read
the following text carefully and then translate
the underlined segments into Chinese. Your
translation
should be written clearly
on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the
American intellectual is rejected
and
considered of no account in his society? I am
going to suggest that it is not true. Father
Bruckberger told part
of the story when
he observed that it is the intellectuals who have
rejected America. But they have done more
than that. They have grown dissatisfied
with the role of the intellectual. It is they, not
America, who have
become anti-
intellectual.
First, the
object of our study pleads for definition. What is
an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an
individual who has elected as his
primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of
thinking in a Socratic
(
苏格拉
底
) way about
moral problems.
He explores
such problems consciously, articulately, and
frankly, first by asking
factual
questions, then by asking moral questions, finally
by suggesting action which seems appropriate in
the
light of the factual and moral
information which he has obtained. (47) His
function is analogous to that of a
judge, who must accept the obligation
of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible
the course of reasoning
which led him
to his decision.
This
definition excludes many individuals usually
referred to as
intellectuals
—
the average
scientist, for one.
(48) I have
excluded him because, while his accomplishments
may contribute to the solution of moral problems,
he has not been charged with the task
of approaching any but the factual aspects of
those other
human beings, he
encounters moral issues even in the everyday
performance of his routine
duties
—
he is not
supposed to cook his experiments,
manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49)
But his primary task is not
to think
about the moral code which governs his activity,
any more than a businessman is expected to
dedicate
his energies to an
exploration of rules of conduct in business.
During most of his waking life he will take his
code for granted, as the businessman
takes his ethics.
The
definition also excludes the majority of teachers,
despite the fact that teaching has traditionally
been the
method whereby many
intellectuals earn their living. (50) They may
teach very well, and more than earn their
salaries, but most of them make little
or no independent reflections on human problems
which involve moral
judgment. This
description even fits the majority of eminent
scholars. Being learned in some branch of human
knowledge is one thing; living in
“public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson
would say, is something else.
Section III Writing
Part A
51.
Directions
You want to
contribute to Project Hope by offering financial
aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to
the
department concerned, asking them
to help find a candidate. You should specify what
kind of child you want to
help and how
you will carry out your plan.
Write your letter with no less than 100
words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET
2.
Do not
sign your name at the end of the
letter; use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not
write the
address. (10 points)
Part
B
52. Directions:
Study the following photos carefully
and write an essay in which you should
1. describe the photos briefly,
2. interpret the social phenomenon
reflected by them, and
3. give your
point of view.
You should
write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20
points)
2006
年
全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解
Section
I Use of English
一、文章结构分析
本文介绍了美国无
家可归者日益增多这个社会问题。第一、二段分析问题的严重性，指出在美国无家可归
者
的数量不断增长，已经到了联邦政府必须采取措施给他们提供帮助的地步。第三段指出帮助无家可归者
的任务相当艰巨，需要通过全面规划，协调运行来解决他们的各种需求。
二、试题具体解析
1.
[A] Indeed
实际上
(
表肯定和强调
)
[B] Likewise
同样地
(
表类比
)
[C] Therefore
因此
(
表因果
)
[D] Furthermore
而且
(
表递进
)
【答案】
A
【考点】
逻辑搭配
【难度系数】
0.365
【解析】
空前后是两个独立的句子，显然填入空的词应该表示这两个句子
之间逻辑关系的内容，空前
谈到“无家可归者在美国人口中的比例越来越大”，空后“无
家可归者达到如此高的比例，以至于到
了当地政府无法……”。从两句的内容看，空前内
容是两句中的论点，空后是对该论点的具体事实说
明，能表征此类关系的只有选项
A
。故答案为
A
。<
/p>
2.
[A]
stand
容忍，经受
[B] cope
应付，处理
[C]
approve
同意，赞成
[D] retain
保留，保持
【答案】
B
【考点】
词义辨析
【难度系数】
0.243
【解析】
空所在的句意为：无家可归
问题已经达到了如此的规模，以至于地方政府都不能
。从句意
可
以看出这里应该表示问题的严重性，以至于政府都难以应对了，能表示“处理、应对”
的只有
cope
。
故本题答案为
B
。
3.
[A] in
[B] for
[C] with
[D]
toward
【答案】
D
【考点】
词法搭配
【难度系数】
0.208
【解析】
从空所在的位置可以判断出
本题考查的是
help
后面的介词搭配的用法。
help sb. in doing sth.
，
表
示“帮助某人做什么事”，
in
后面接动名词（固定用法）。<
/p>
help sb. with sth.
意为“通过做某件事帮<
/p>
助别人完成这件事”，两者代入文中，语意上讲不通。
for
表示目的，帮助某人，前面不定式已经表示
了目的，“为了帮助无家
可归的人为了独立”语意也不通。
toward
表示“趋向，接
近”，后面常接抽
象名词，符合文意。故正确答案为
D
。
4.
[A]
raise
提高
[B] add
增加，添加
[C]
take
拿走
[D] keep
保持
【答案】
A
【考点】
词汇搭配
【难度系数】
0.573
【解析】
从句中内容可以看出空所在的句子表示为了帮助无家可归的人走
向自立，联邦政府需要采取
的措施，而这种措施必然是改进措施，对于工资来说，改善的
条件自然是提高工资，表示涨工资只有
A
项。
< br>
5.
[A]
generally
一般，通常
[B] almost
几乎，差不多
[C]
hardly
刚刚，几乎不
[D] not
不
【答案】
D
【考点】
逻辑搭配
【难度系数】
0.448
【解析】
空所在的句子显然是表达人
们对无家可归者的数量看法，
后面谈到人们的看法从
600,0
00
到
3
million
不等，
这说明人们在这一数量上没有达成一致，
因
此这个空只能填入一个否定词，
C
和
D
比较，
显然
D
代入句中句意更加通顺，故答案为
D
。
6.
[A] cover
覆盖
[B]
change
改变，交换
[C] range
范围
[D] differ
不同
【答案】
C
【考点】
词汇搭配
【难度系数】
0.582
【解析】
从该句中“
from 600,000 to 3 milli
on
”判断出，这里应该表示对数字的估计范围。四个选项，
可
以表示范围的词只有
C
，
range<
/p>
常与
from…to
搭配表示“从……到
……范围”。故正确答案为
C
。
7.
[A] Now that
既然，由于
[B]
Although
虽然，尽管
[C] Provided
倘若
[D] Except
that
除……外
【答案】
B
【考点】
逻辑搭配
【难度系数】
0.636
【解析】
空所在的整个句子前面谈到
不一致，后面谈到人们在另外一件事情上保持一致，显然这是一
种转折关系，能表示这一
关系的词只有
B
，故答案为
B
。
8.
[A]
inflating
膨胀，鼓气，涨价
[B]
expanding
扩大，增加，增强
[C]
increasing
增加
[D] extending
扩充，延伸
【答案】
C
【考点】
词义辨析
【难度系数】
0.802
【解析】
从文章前面的内容可以看出
，虽然人们在无家可归者的具体数量上有分歧，但在增加的趋势
方面是一致的，因此空填
入的词应该是表示无家可归者数量的增加，而能表示数量的增加只有
increasin
g
，故答案为
C
。
9.
[A]
predicts
预测
[B] displays
陈列，展示
[C]
proves
证明
[D] discovers
发现
【答案】
A
【考点】
词义辨析
【难度系数】
0.718
【解析】
空后说无家可归的数字在这个
10
年的后半期会达到
10 million
，
显然这是表示将来的数据，
对于将来的数据只能用预测，故答案为
A
。
10.
[A] assist
帮助
[B] track
跟踪
[C]
sustain
维持
[D] dismiss
解散
【答案】
A
【考点】
词汇搭配
【难度系数】
0.33
【解析】
从本句后面的内容我们可以看出，这里应该指的是找到能帮助无家
可归者的方法变得困难了，
表示这一含义的词为
A
，故答案为
A
。
11.
[A] Hence
因此
[B]
But
但是
[C] Even
甚至，连
[D]
Only
只有
【答案】
C
【考点】
逻辑搭配
【难度系数】
0.524
【解析】
空前谈到无家可归者最终能够找到一个可以给他们提供一日三餐
和夜里睡觉的庇护所，空后
说他们中的大部分人仍然在大街上流浪。这两句显然构成让步
关系，
C
符合语境，故答案为
C
。
12.
[A] lodging
寄宿处
[B]
shelter
庇护处
[C] dwelling
住所，公寓
[D]
house
房屋，住宅
【答案】
B
【考点】
词义辨析
【难度系数】
0.479
【解析】
对于人数众多的无家可归者，其身份类似于难民，对于这种身份
的人，显然庇护所对他们来
说是最贴切的词，故答案为
B
。
13.
[A]
searching
搜索，探求
[B] strolling
闲逛
[C]
crowding
拥挤，群集
[D] wandering
徘徊，乱逛
【答案】
D
【考点】
词义辨析
【难度系数】
0.46
【解析】
四个选项中，
B
和
D
比较接近，但
stroll
指很闲适的散步，显然无家可归者不可能还能很闲
适地在大街上散步，
而
wandering
表示一种漫无目的的游荡，
很适合形容
这些无家可归者，
因此答案为
D
。
14.
[A]
when
当……的时候
[B] once
一旦
[C]
while
然而，虽然
[D] whereas
然而
【答案】
C
【考点】
逻辑搭配
【难度系数】
0.473
【解析】
从空所在句子的内容可以看出这句应该是对另外一种，由于无生
活技能而无家可归的人，前面谈
到无家可归者是由于精神方面的疾病，这里谈到精神正常
的人也有无家可归者，两者形成对比，故本空选
择
C
合适，表示对比关系。
15.
[A] life
生命，生活
[B]
existence
存在，生活
[C] survival
幸存，生存
[D]
maintenance
维持，保养
【答案】
C
【考点】
词汇搭配
【难度系数】
0.543
【解析】
从该句的内容容易判断出这里填入的一个词应该是指谋生的技能
，而对于这些无家可归的流
浪者，他们生活在社会的最底层，所缺乏的当然是谋求生存的
技能，
C
符合这一状况，故答案为
C<
/p>
。
16.
[A] (turn) around
使转身，使好转
[B]
(turn) over
使翻转，仔细考虑，移交
[C]
(turn) on
打开开关
[D] (turn) up
调高，开大，出现
【答案】
A
【
考点
】
习惯搭配
【难度系数】
0.185
【解析】
结合句意，这里表达的应该是使他们生活变好，四个词组中，只
有
A
表达这个意思，故答案为
A
。
17.
[A]
complex
复杂的
[B] comprehensive
综合的
[C]
complementary
补充的
[D] compensating
补偿的
【答案】
B
【考点】
词汇搭配
【难度系数】
0.342
【解析】
从句子结构可以看出，
填入的是修饰<
/p>
program
的，
这是怎么样的一个<
/p>
program
呢？后面的定语
从句有说
明，
这个
program
可以解决无家
可归者许多需求，
那么四个选项当中能满足这一要求的只有
B<
/p>
项，故答案为
B
。
18.
[A] So
因此
[B]
Since
自从；因为，既然
[C] As
正如
[D]
Thus
因而
【答案】
C
【考点】
逻辑搭配
【难度系数】
0.604
【解析】
这个空要结合其后面的内容，
上句谈到
是
comprehensive
program
，
后面一句谈到的是
a package
deal
，两者显然是指差不多的内容，
两者相当的内容，只能是并列结构，只有
C
是表示这种关系的连
词，
故答案为
C
。
如果考生平时应注意积累一些常用的固定短语的话，
本题可
以与
19
题连起来考虑，
as…put
it
是一个固定表达，意为“正如……所说的那样”。同样可以
得出答案为
C
。
19.
[A] puts
提出；说，表达
[B]
interprets
解释
[C] assumes
假定
[D]
makes
做
【答案】
A
【考点】
习惯搭配
【难度系数】
0.131
【解析】
本题解析参见第
18
题。
20.
[A] supervision
监督
[B]
manipulation
操纵
[C] regulation
调节
[D] coordination
协调
【答案】
D
【考点】
词汇搭配
【难度系数】
0.32
【解析】
前面谈到是一个综合的方案
，后面又说到是一个一揽子计划，对于这种计划，最重要的当然
是要能调和各方利益，故
答案为
D
。
三、全文翻译
无家可归者占美国人口
的比例越来越大。实际上，无家可归者的问题已经达到如此规模，连地方政府都无
法应对
了。为了帮助无家可归者走向独立，联邦政府必须支持就业培训项目、提高最低工资并资助建设更
多低价住房。
大家对于美国到底有多少无家可归者的
意见并不一致，估计数量在
60
万到
3
00
万之间。尽管人们估计的数
字可能各不相同，但是分析家们
在一件事上的确达成了共识，即无家可归者的数量正在增长。联邦政府的
一项研究预测，
在这个十年结束之前，无家可归者的数量将接近
1900
万。<
/p>
设法帮助日益增多的无家可归者变得越来越艰巨。即使无家可归
者找到了庇护所，白天有三餐，晚上能安
眠，仍然还有很多人每天大部分时间流落街头。
部分问题是，许多无家可归的成年人都是酒鬼或者瘾君子；
并且相当多的无家可归者患有
严重的精神疾病；还有许多人虽然不喝酒吸毒，精神也正常，但就是没有改
善生活现状的
基本生存技能。《波士顿环球日报》记者克里斯·雷迪认为只有通过全面规划解决无家可归
者的各种需求，这种局面才有可能得到改善。用马萨诸塞州本特里学院社区服务部主任爱德华·兹罗特科
瓦斯克的话来说就是：“各种规划必须协调运行，我们需要的是一揽子计划。”
Section II Reading
Comprehension
Part
A
Text 1
一、文章结构与内容分析
本文是一篇
议论文。文章中心讨论了美国的文化对移民的强大同化能力。第一段介绍了美国大众文化的特
点、起源和背后的推动力；第二、三、四段采用事实论证了移民能快速融入美国社会，对大众文化构不成
威胁；第五段则说明融合会有些不快的过程，但这种不快无需民众担忧，美国社会的发展依然
是光明的。
二、试题具体分析
21
．第一段第二行的单词“
homoge
nizing
”最可能的含义是
_____
。
[A]
识别，确定
[B]
联系，联合
[C]
吸收，同化
[D]
独占，垄断
【答案】
C
【考点】
词义句意
【难度系数】
0.713
【解析】
词汇所在的语境是：不管我们如何喋喋不休地谈论了差别，美国社会实际上是一台
homogenizing
机器，前句和后
句形成让步关系，前句谈到差别，作为让步结构，下句必然谈到相似或
一致的内容，选项
中只有
C
项
assimilating
符合题意，故答案为
C
。
22
．根据作者的观点，
19
世纪的百货商店
___
。
[A]
在传播大众文化方面发挥了作用
[B]
成为接待普通消费者的人情味十足的小商店
[C]
满足了知识精英阶层的需求
[D]
出现的原因是消费文化
【答案】
A
【考点】
事实细节
【难度系数】
0.436
【解析】
文章首句就指出，虽然美国
人喋喋不休的谈论社会差异，但美国社会是一个惊人的各民族融
合的机器。显然民族的融
合是指文化的融合，而由这句可以判断出文章的中心是关于美国文化融合方
面的内容，而
百货商店作为一个事例也是为了服务这一中心，故答案为
A
。<
/p>
23
．这篇文章暗示了现在美国的移民
______
。
[A]
排斥同化
[B]
对美国文化施加着很大的影响
[C]
对大众文化几乎不构成威胁
[D]
构成人口的大多数
【答案】
C
【考点】
推理判断
【难度系数】
0.48
【解析】
文章从第二段开始正式开始
讨论美国的移民文化问题，
文章对移民的到来是这样描述的
“<
/p>
may
not be altogether
elevating but is hardly poisonous(
可能没有起
到提升美国的作用，但也并非有害社会
)
”，
< br>而且移民进入美国“
is neither at unprecedented
levels nor resistant to assimilation(
速度
并不是很快，同时
他们也不排斥社会化的同化作用
)
”。由此我们可以推断出答案为
C
。
【
补充
】
第二段首句含有特殊结构
not…but…
，作者常强
调
but
之后的部分，且含有
hard
ly
这样的否定
结构，转折处常考，否定结构常考。
24
．第五段为什么提到阿诺·施瓦辛格和葛斯
·布鲁克斯
?
[A]
为了证明他们在全世界很受欢迎。
[B]
为了表明公众对移民的恐惧。
[C]
为了举出成功移民的范例。
[D]
为了说明美国文化的强大影响力。
【答案】
D
【考点】
例证
【难度系数】
0.522
【解析】
第五段在给出这两个人的例
子之后说，“然而，‘一些美国人担心，居住在美国的移民对美
国民族的同化作用仍会置
之不理’”。有这个转折关系我们应该可以判断出两者是用来例证美国文化
的同化力量难
以受到抵制，也展现了美国文化的强大影响力，因此选
D
。
25
．按照作
者的观点，美国社会对移民的吸收是
______
。
[A]
有价值的，有回报的
[B]
成功的
[C]
毫无成果的
[D]
有害的
【答案】
B
【考点】
观点态度
【难度系数】
0.467
【解析】
本文中心探讨的是国外移民
融入美国社会的问题。
从文章作者对这一事件评论的语句
“
may not
be altogether
elevating but is hardly poisonous
”
可以看出作者对这一事件是持正面态度的，
故排除
CD
两
项。从文章讨论的中心分析，移民在进入美国后能很快的
融入美国文化，说明融入是成功的，故答案
为
B
。
三、文章长难句分析
1. There is “the democratizing
uniformity of dress and discourse, and the
casualness and absence of deference”
characteristic of popular culture.
【解析】
本句是一个存在句，主干是
there is..., and
...
(
存在
……
与
……
)
，表示存在两种现象：一
种是“衣
着和话语民主统一”
(the
democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse)
，另一种是“人们随意而不拘礼节”
(and the
casualness and absence of deference)
，
它们都是大众文化的特征
(characteristic of
popular culture)
。
注意：
< br>引号中的内容是作者引用他人的话。
【译文】
在美国，大众文化的特点就
是“在服饰和谈吐方面大众化的一致性、漫不经心和不拘礼节”。
2. Rodriguez notes that children in
remote villages around the world are fans of
superstars like Arnold
Schwarzenegger
and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that
immigrants living within the United States
remain somehow immune to the
nation’s assimilative
power.”
【解析】
本句的主干是
Rodriguez notes that..
.
，
that
引导的宾语从句中又含有
一个由
yet
连接的并列句，前
面一句
的主干是：
children ...are fans
of...
，后面一句的主干是：
“some
Americans fear that…”
，
that
引导宾语
从句
immigrants...
remain somehow immune to...
作
fear
的宾语。
【译文】
罗德里格兹指出，全世界偏
远乡村的儿童是阿若·施瓦辛格和葛司·布鲁克这样超级明星的影迷
或歌迷，然而“一些
美国人害怕，居住在美国境内的移民在某种程度上对这个国家的同化作用免疫”。
四、核心词汇回顾
1.
homogenize vt.
均质化，使均匀
2. assimilation
n.
同化，同化作用，消化
3.
democratize vt.
使民主化
4. launch n.
发起；使运动
5.
intimate a.
亲密的，私人的
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