2015年江苏高考英语试题及解析

、

C

、

D

四个选项中

,

选出最佳选项

,

并在答题

卡上将该项涂黑。

I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel

?

s books in college and was hooked on his positivity

from that moment on. The stories of his unconventional 36 and the exceptional patients he wrote

about were so 37 to me and had such a big 38 on how I saw life from then on. Who knew

that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to 39 my own cancer

B. having spent

B. Why

B. unless

C. spent

C. Where

C. once

D. spending

D. How

D. when

25. _____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won

?

t accept it.

26. It is so cold that you can

?

t go outside _____ fully covered in thick clothes.

27. The university started some new language programs to _____ the country

?

s Silk Road Economic

experience?

I

?

m an ambitious 40 , and when I started going through chemo (

化疗

) , even though I

?

m a

very 41 person, I lost my drive to write. I was just too tired and not in the 42 . One day,

while waiting to go in for 43 , I had one of Dr. Bernie

?

s books in my hand. Another patient 44

what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me 45 he had one of his books with him as

well. It 46 that among other things, he was an eighty-year-old writer. He was 47 a published

author, and he was currently 48 on a new book.

We would see each other at various times and 49 friends. Sometimes he wore a duck hat,

and I would tell myself, he was definitely a 50 of Dr. Bernie. He really put a 51 on my face.

He unfortunately 52 last year due to his cancer, 53 he left a deep impression on me and gave

me the 54 to pick up my pen again. I 55 to myself,

“

If he can do it, then so can I.

”

36. A. tastes

37. A. amazing

38. A. strike

39. A. learn from

40. A. reader

41. A. positive

42. A. mood

43. A. advice

44. A. viewed

45. A. while

46. A. came out

47. A. naturally

48. A. deciding

49. A. became

50. A. patient

51. A. sign

52. A. showed up

53. A. since

54. A. guidance

55. A. promised

B. ideas

B. shocking

B. push

B. go over

B. writer

B. agreeable

B. position

B. reference

B. knew

B. because

B. worked out

B. merely

B. investing

B. helped

B. operator

B. smile

B. set off

B. but

B. trust

B. swore

C. notes

C. amusing

C. challenge

C. get through

C. editor

C. humorous

C. state

C. protection

C. noticed

C. although

C. proved out

C. hopefully

C. working

C. missed

C. fan

C. mark

C. fell down

C. so

C. opportunity

C. thought

D. memories

D. strange

D. impact

D. refer to

D. doctor

D. honest

D. way

D. treatment

D. wondered

D. providing

D. turned out

D. actually

D. relying

D. visited

D. publisher

D. mask

D. passed away

D. for

D. inspiration

D. replied

第三部分：阅读理解

(

共

小题；每小题

2

分， 满分

3

0

分

)

请阅读下列短文

,

从短文后各题所给的

A

、

、

C

、

D

四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Visitor Code

?

Arrive with nothing that can harm New Zealand

If you are arriving from overseas, bring no food, animal or plant material into the country. If in

doubt declare it to Customs.

?

Protect plants and animals

Never allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting birds, other wildlife, or

where

signposted.

?

Get rid of rubbish

Always get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste (e.g., glass, paper) where possible.

?

Be considerate with other waste

If using a portable toilet always throw away

your toilet waste at a proper waste station. In the

back country, bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole away from waterway.

?

Keep New Zealand’s water clean

Because

soaps

and

other

wastes

can

harm

waterways,

be

careful

your

washing

water

doesn?t

pollute the sea lakes and rivers.

?

Take care with fires

Always observe district fire bans. Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue--

make sure ashes are cold before leaving.

?

Camp or picnic carefully

When camping or picnicking, use facilities provided.

?

Keep to the track

Keep to the track, where one exists, so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants.

?

Be considerate

When driving, minimize noise and observe no smoking signs.

56. According to the Code, visitors should act _______.

A. with care and respect

B. with relief and pleasure

D. with attention and observation

C. with caution and calmness

A. Take your own camping facilities.

B. Bury glass far away from rivers.

C. Follow the track for the sake of plants.

D. Observe signs to approach nesting birds.

57. What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?

B

In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones

are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The

electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.

Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that

while

the

weight

of

electronic

goods

represented

by

precious

metals

was

relatively

small

in

comparison to total waste, the concentration (

含量

) of gold and other precious metals was higher in

So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.

Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and

the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically

uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.

Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than

the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines

that

produced

those

metals,

the

factories

needed

to

make

the

box

and

packaging(

包装

)

it

came

in.

Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.

The

U.S.

Environmental

Protection

Agency

notes

that

most

waste

is

dangerous

in

that

“the

production, distribution, and use of products

—

as well as management of the resulting waste

—

all

result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce the

ir contribution by creating less waste at

the start

—

for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.

In

many

countries

the

concept

of

extended

producer

responsibility

is

being

considered

or

has

been put

in

place

as an

incentive

(

动机

)

for

reducing waste.

If

producers

are

required

to

take

back

packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?

Governments?

incentive

to

require

producers

to

take

responsibility

for

the

packaging

they

produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to

deal with the bubble wrap (

气泡垫

) that encased your television?

From

the

governments?

point

of

view,

a

primary

goal

of

laws

requiring

extended

producer

responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from

the government and tax- payers back to the producers.

58. By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that _________ .

A. the weight of e-goods is rather small

B. E-waste deserves to be made good use of

C. natural minerals contain more precious metals

D. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste

59. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended _________ .

A. from producers to governments

B. from governments to producers

C. from individuals to distributors

D. from distributors to governments

60. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The increase in e-waste.

B. The creation of e-waste.

C. The seriousness of e-waste.

D. The management of e-waste.

C

Suppose

you

become

a

leader

in

an

organization.

It?s

very

likely

that

you?ll

want

to

have

volunteers

to help with the organization?s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people

undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.

Let?s

begin

with

the

question

of

why

people

volunteer.

Researchers

have

identified

several

factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values

related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If

volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers,

you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.

People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service,

some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift

people?s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it?s important to me”)

to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I?m required to do so”). W

hen that happens, people

become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they

make volunteer activities a must.

Once

people

begin

to

volunteer,

what

leads

them

to

remain

in

their

positions

over

time?

To

answer

this

question,

researchers

have

conducted

follow-up

studies

in

which

they

track

volunteers

over time.

For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a

year. One of the most

important

factors

that

influenced

their

satisfaction

as

volunteers

was

the

amount

of

suffering

they

experienced

in

their

volunteer

positions.

Although

this

result

may

not

surprise

you,

it

leads

to

important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods

that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping

with the problem they do experience”.

Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the

degree to which people view “volunteer” as

an important social role. It was assumed that those people

for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to

continue

volunteer

work.

Participants

indicated

the

degree

to

which

the

social

role

mattered

by

responding

to

statements

such

as

“V

olunteering

in

Hospital

is

an

important

part

of

who

I

am.”

Consistent with the researchers? expectations, they found a positive correlation (

正相关

) between the

strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again,

lead

to

concrete

advice:

“Once

an

individual

begins

volunteering,

continued

efforts

might

focus

on

developing

a

volunteer

role

identity....

Items

like

T-shirts

that

allow

volunteers

to

be

recognized

publicly for

their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.

61. People volunteer mainly out of ______.

A. academic requirements

B. social expectations

C. financial rewards

D. internal needs

62. What can we learn from the Florida study?

A. Follow-up studies should last for one year.

B. V

olunteers should get mentally prepared.

C. Strategy training is a must in research.

A. Individual differences in role identity.

C. Role identity as a volunteer.

64. What is the best title of the passage?

A. How to Get People to V

olunteer

B. How to Study V

olunteer Behaviors

D. How to Organize Volunteer Activities

C. How to Keep V

olunteers? Interest

D. V

olunteers are provided with concrete advice.

B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.

D. Practical advice from researchers.

63. What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?

D

Freedom and Responsibility

Freedom?s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and

we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.

Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were

great

civilizations,

splendid

empires,

but

no

freedom

anywhere.

Egypt

and

Babylon

were

both

tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.

In

Greece,

in Athens

(

雅典

),

a

little

city

in

a

little

country,

there

were

no

helpless

masses.

And

Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which

must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many

qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the

desert. The

Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was

self- controlled.

To

make

yourself

obey

what

you

approved

was

freedom.

They

were

saved

from

looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens,

not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety.

The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control

themselves and would take responsibility for the state.

But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If

people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a

change

that

took

place

without

being

noticed

though

it

was

of

the

extreme

importance,

a

spiritual

change whic

h affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian?s pride and joy to give to their city.

That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete

change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing

her

work.

Now

instead

of

men

giving

to

the

state,

the

state

was

to

give

to

them.

What

the

people

wanted

was

a

government

which

would

provide

a

comfortable

life

for

them;

and

with

this

as

the

primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility

were neglected to the point of

disappearing.

Athens

was

more

and

more

looked

on

as

a

cooperative

business

possessed

of

great

wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.

Athens

reached

the

point

when

the

freedom

she

really

wanted

was

freedom

from

responsibility.

There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and

responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man

must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused

responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.

But,

“the

excellent

becomes

the

permanent”,

Aristotle

said.

At

hens

lost

freedom

forever,

but

freedom

was

not

lost

forever

for

the

world.

A

great

American,

James

Madison,

referred

to:“The

capacity (

能力

) of mankind for self-

government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking

Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea,

it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man?s thought

such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on

the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.

65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Countries where their people need help.

B. Powerful states with higher civilization.

C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.

D. Governments ruled with absolute power.

66. People believing in freedom are those who________.

A. regard their life as their own business

67. What change in attitude took place in Athens?

A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.

B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.

C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.

D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.

does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?

A. Athens would continue to be free.

B. Athens would cease to have freedom.

C. Freedom would come from responsibility.

D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.

69. Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?

A. The author is hopeful about freedom.

B. seek gains as their primary object

C. behave within the laws and value systems

D. treat others with kindness and pity

B. The author is cautious about self-government.

C. The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.

D. The author is proud of man?s capacity.

70. What is the author?s understanding of freedom?

A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.

B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.

C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility.

D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.

第四部分：任务型阅 读

(

共

10

小 题；每小题

1

分，满分

10

)

请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后 表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：请将答案写在 答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is

related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For

want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.

In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime

and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may

be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and

health.

News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without

any

of

the

dangers

or

stresses

involved.

He

can

tremble

wildly

at

an

axe-murder,

shake

his

head

sympathetically

and

safely

at

a

hurricane,

identify

himself

with

the

winning

team,

and

laugh

understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.

News

of

the

second

kind,

however,

pays

its

rewards

later.

It

sometimes

requires

the

reader

to

tolerate

unpleasantness

or

annoyance

—

as,

for

example,

when

he

reads

of

the

threatening

foreign

situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a

kind

of

“

threat

value.

”

It

is

read

so

that

the

reader

may

be

informed

and

prepared.

When

a

reader

selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can

adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from

the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.

For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a

sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach

may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may

read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as

his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader

may

receive

not

only

the

immediate

reward

of

indirect

experience,

but

also

the

delayed

reward

of

information

and

preparedness.

Therefore,

while

the

division

of

categories

holds

in

general,

an

individual

?

s

tendency

may

transfer

any

story

from

one

kind

of

reading

to

another,

or

divide

the

experience between the two kinds of reward.

What news stories do you read?

●

People expect to get (71)________ from reading news.

Division of news stories

●

News stories are roughly divided into two classes.

●

Some

news

will

excite

their

readers

instantly

while

others

won

?

t.

●

News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to

the very frightening scene without actual (73)________.

●

Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in

the

news

stories

and

(74)________

similar

feelings

with

those

(72)________ of the two

classes

involved.

●

News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a

(75)________ to them.

●

News of delayed reward will induce the reader to (76)________

for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the

reader to (77)________ from the reality.

●

What

readers

expect

from

news

stories

are

largely

shaped

by

Unstable boundaries of the

two classes

their (78)________.

●

Serious

readers

will

both

get

excited

over

what

happens

in

some news stories and (79)________ themselves to the reality.

●

Thus, the division, on the whole, (80)________ on the reader.

第五部分：书面 表达

(

满分

25

分

)

81.

请阅读下面文字及图表

,

并按照要求用英语写一篇

150

词左右的文章。

[

写作内容

]

1.

用约

30

个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；

2.

结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因；

3.

根据你的分析，从社会规范

(rules

and

regulations)

和 个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示

(

不少

于两点

)

。

[

写作要求

]

1.

写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2.

作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3.

不必写标题。

[

评分标准

]

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。