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中考英语之猜词义
一、巧猜词义技巧大突破
猜测词义的
能力属于英语的基本能力之一。具体到考试题型上，在单项选择、完型填空、首
字母填空
、
阅读理解等题型上都会有体现，
尤其是阅读类题目，
对陌生单词意思的猜测和对
熟词生义的理解都是会直接影响到对文章的理
解。阅读理解题型往往会以如下形式进行考
察。
1.
What does the
word “…” refer to?
2.
The underlined
word “…” is the closest in meaning to ______.
3.
By
saying that“…”,
the author means that
___.
看到这样的题目，就知道，若是不能理解所指单词意思，那就是失分喽！
二、猜词方法大突破
前面一开始我们猜测了几个单词的意思
，现在我们在有上下文语境的情况下，你猜的对不
对。
?
On the way to
the factory, Jack sang a pop song happily. Because
it is the first day for him
to
work
，
When he was working, he talked with his
comrade. Suddenly, the machine
broke
down
because
of
his
carelessness.
Jack
was
afraid
of
the
blame
of
his
boss.
His
comrade told him, “Take
it easy, you are a
green
hand
.”
?
Do you like a
lady bird
? It is not a kind
of bird. It is a
insect
（
昆虫）
. It
can fly. Its wings
are red. It is very
small.
?
Tom is a
great man. Tom is treated as a
big
potato
.
?
Tim drank too much water last night, so
he went to visit
john
twice.
【讲解】
一个完全陌生的单词，
或者一个熟悉的单词怎么都看不出啥意思？为什么？缺乏上
下文的语
境，
一个单词，
尤其是在文章中出现的单词
，
其前后句子或单词在意义上和语法上都会
与其相联系。
如
上面几句，第一句，第二句，第三句都是相当于对单词的解释，第四句就是因果
关系，根
据我们
的日常生活逻
辑，喝水多了，自然就要上厕所。所以这些就是帮助我们判断词义的
重要线索。下面
我们来看看，
英语的句子，在语法关系上，
在句型结构上，
有没
有帮助我们的技巧。
1
、
定义释义法
：
通过定义
,
定语从句
,
词组
,
同位语从句来体现
.
其表现形式
为
:
用
that is,
in other words, or ,mean, be called,
refer to,
或连系动词
to be
等定义或重述形式来解释生词
.
如
:
1
）
Sociology
is the term
used
to
describe the scientific study of
human society.
2
）
Jane
is
indecisive
,
that is
, she can’t make up
her mind.
3
）
It will be very
hard but also very
brittle
—
that is, it will break
easily.
4
）
A
calendar
is a list of the
days, weeks, months of a particular year.
< br>2
、
对比法：
句中多半有
unlike, but, although, yet, while, on the
contrary, on the other hand,
instead
of, rather than
等信息词
.
另外
,
分号也可以表示转折
,
对比的意义
.
1
）
Andrew
is
one
of
the
most
supercilious
man
I
know.
His
brother,
in
contrast
,
is
quite
humble
and
modest.(
傲慢的
)
2).Her voice was usually soft and
sweet,
but
now it was
hoarse
,
(
沙哑的
)
3).
Though
Tom's
face has been washed quite clean, his neck still
remains
grubby
.
(
肮脏的
).
【讲解】在含有
though
,
but
等含有转折词的句子中
,
主从句某些词构成对比关系
.
即可看
出
soft and
sweet
和
hoarse
及
clean
和
grubby
意义相对
.
4).If you
agree, write
dissent
, write
【讲解】根据对比关系的
yes <
/p>
和
no,
不难看出
agree
和
dissent
是反
义词
.
4).He has been in office
for only a few months.
However
，
he has achieved more
than any of his
predecessors
.
(
前任者
)
【讲解】用
however
来提示下文要表达意想不到的结果
.
3
、因果法：
文章借助关联词
because,
as,
since,
for,
so,
thus,
as
the
result,
therefore
等表示前因后果
.
有时利用动词
lead
to,
cause,
result
in,
result
from,
bring
about
等表达因
果关系
.
1
）
The
flowers
in
the
vase
withered
because
they
had
no
water.
2
）
The
lack
of
movement
caused
the
muscles
to
weaken.
Sometimes
the
weakness
wa
s
permanent
.
So
the
player
could
never
play
the
sport
again.
3
）
The
river
is
so
turbid
that
it
is
impossible
to
see
the
bottom
even
when
it
is
shal
low.
4.
根据同等关系猜词：
在特定的情况下，
作者通过一连串同一类型或同一范畴和词语来
表达其思想。
如果有一生词在这一系列的同一范畴的词语中，
可以通过这些词语的一
段特征和语义范围推断出生词的词
义范围。如：
1).But
the captain's courage, perseverance, and powerful
will
mastered every man on
board,
and we went to work again.
(
意志
)
这一段文字中，反映的是船
长的积极进取的精神面
貌，是船长的勇气、毅力和意志征服大家，才使他们又重新投入排
水战斗。
2).In
the
ancient
city
of
Rome,
we
visited
every
mansion,
church,
battle
site,
theatre
and
public halls. (
建筑物
)
从这一连串词不难看出
mansion
的词义
.
5
.
< br>根据生活经验和常识：
1
）
In old days,
when girls from rich families were married to
their husbands, they expected to
bring
with themselves a large quantity of
dowry.
嫁妆
<
/p>
2)
orphan
.
孤儿
3) Soon the wind had piled snow into
drifts.
雪堆
<
/p>
【讲解】
其实很多生词或熟词僻义都可以根据经验和常识来推测出
来，
尤其是英英字典，
全
都是用语言来
解释单词，反过来也可以根据句子来猜测词义，让学生养成动
脑子的好习惯。
6
、
根据构词法：
合成、派生（前缀、后缀）
、转化等
，
如下列举一些常见的词缀。
1. adj. +ly =adv.
Cheap
—
cheaply
cruel
—
cruelly
firm
—
firmly
strange
—
strangely
2. en+adj.=v.
sure
—
ensure
able
—
enable
4.
n.+en=v.
fright
—
frighten
height
—
heighten
strength
—
strengthen
5.
adj+ize=v.
familiar
—
familiarize
使通俗
modern
—
modernize
现代化
real
—
realize
spe
cial
—
specialize
以
...
为专业
5.n.+y=adj.
mud
—
muddy
rain
—
rainy
shadow
—
shadowy
阴暗的
storm
—
stormy
wind
—
windy
+en=v.
使具有；使成为
black
—
blacken
bright
—
brighten
sharp
—
sharpen
weak
—
weaken
7. n.+some=adj.
quarrel
—
quarrelso
me
trouble
—
troublesome
tire
—
tiresome
worry
—
worrisome
8.n.+y=adj.
Air
—
airy
anger
—
angry
hill
—
hilly
luck
—
lucky
9.n.+ly=adj.
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