-
英语议论文的写作方法
1
议论文的写作步骤
1
审题
analyze
2.
构思
brainstorming
3.
列提纲
outline
4
写作
write
5.
检查
check
2
议论文的三要素
:
论点
：是作者在文章中提出的对某一个问题或某一类事件的看法、
观点、主张，它要求要正
确
、鲜明、有针对性。一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点．论点一般在开头提出，然后加以
论证．
论据：
是证明论点正确的证据，
要想证明论点的正确，
首先，
论据必须让人觉得真实、
可信，
能够充分证明论点。其次，论据要具有典型性，能收到
“
以一当十
”
的效果。第三，论据要新
< br>颖，尽可能寻找一些新鲜的、能给人以新的感受和启示的论据，一般是以事实为论据，
也可
以利用成语，格言，名人名言作为论据．
（见后论证方
式）
论证：
是议论文中必不可少的部分。
一段完整的议论，
只有通过论证
证明论据和论点之间的
内在逻辑关系，才能将论据和论点融为一体，也才能构成一篇完整
的、有说服力的文章。
3
应对
EFL
议论文的结构
↗四段式：
利弊类
(
“
一分为二
”
的观点．
从两方面去分析一个问题
,
阐述自己的观
点
.)
议论文
↘五段式
/
三段：
途径方法类
(
“
怎样
……
（
how
to
）
”
型．分析怎样解决一
个问题如
“
怎样克服学
习中碰到的困难
”
)
我的观
点类
(
“
我认为
……”
型．阐述对某一事物的客观看法
.
< br>如
“
你对课
外阅读的看法
)
现象论说类
(
针
对某一社会现象及社会热点讨论话题展开评论，阐述自
己的观点
)
所有的
EFL
< br>作文都可以总结成两种写作模式
:4
段式和
5
段式
4
段式
:
用
“
owning a
car
”为例
Para.1 Int
roduction(3-4
句话
/
结
尾点题
)
Eg. With the
development of the society/world,
it
’
s a hot issue/topic of
owning
a car
?
in
my point of view, everything likes a coin has two
sides.
Para.2
Advantages(
中心句
: There are a
lot of advantages of owning a car.)
分三点<
/p>
叙述
,
分别给出
supporting
ideas.
中间需要用到漂亮的连接词
.
Para.3
Disadvantages(
中心句
:But the
problem is not so simple. Therefore, owning a
car also have several disadvantages.)
仍然分三点叙述
,
分别给出
supporting ideas.
中
间需要用漂亮
的连接词
.
Para.4 Con
clusion(
在结尾部分
,
你可以
给出你自己的看法
,eg. As is mentioned above, I
prefer to
?
)
5/3
段式
:
用
“
Learning
English
”为例
Para.1
Introduction(3-4)
Eg.
With
the
development
of
society,
English
plays
an
important
role
of
International
communication
.It will help us
?
..
Para.2 Reason
中心
句
+
展开
Eg. English
is an official language.
Para.3 Reason
中心句
+
展开
Eg. English is a great tool for us to do
International
business.
Para.4
Reason
中心句
+
展开
Eg.
English
is
good
for
us
to
learn
foreign
cultures
and
make
friends.
Para.5 Conclusion
(
结尾部分可以回答剩余的问题
,
总结
全文
,
给出建议?
)
4
怎么列提纲（提纲与文章的区别）
以四段式为例：
看电视的利与弊
Advantages and disadvantages of
watching TV
OUTLINE:
Beginning
: Nowadays more and
more people like to watch TV
Advantages:
Firstly
, expand your
knowledge by watching TV
Secondly
, may know anybody
you want to know via TV
Thirdly
, go everywhere by
traveling programs.
Disadvantages:
Firstly
, become short-
sighted
Secondly
, give up
their studies
Conclusion
:
When we watch TV
, we should make a plan
ESSAY:
Nowadays
more and more people like to watch TV
.
So TV plays a very important part in our life.
But watching TV has both advantages and
disadvantages.
Generally,
the advantages can be listed as follows.
Firstly
,
you can
expand your knowledge by
watching TV.
As we all know, learning things by TV is much
faster than by listening to the radio
or just by reading books. For it has
colorful pictures as well as wonderful music.
Secondly
, you
may
know anybody you want to know through TV such as
famous singers, super stars, scientists
and
so
on.
Once
you
heard
a
name
whom
you
didn
’
t
know
before
from
the
party,
you
never
worried
about
that
you
have
no
chance
to
know
him.
Just
turn
on
the
TV
,
maybe
he
is
on
the
screen
of
some
program
Whats
more
,
you
can
go
everywhere
by
traveling
programs.
Let
’
s
suppose, if you like traveling very
much, but you have to work on weekends or
holidays, you must
be very sad. And now
open your TV and it
’
ll take
you to anywhere.
Every coin
has two sides. The disadvantages are also
obvious.
For example,
watching too much
TV can easily become
short-sighted, especially for children and
students. This will influence so
many
aspects
of
them,
like
hunting
jobs,
applying
for
some
professional
majors
when
students
finished their college entrance
examinations.
To make matters
worse
, some young students are
keen on watching TV so that they give
up their studies gradually.
More and
more
children and
students become the fans of the movie
stars, no matter how late it is, they still stay
before the TV
set to watch the soap
opera.
Through
above analysis, I think watching TV is a way of
studying, it is good for us to watch TV.
But when we watch TV
, we
should make a plan otherwise watching TV will
destroy our life.
5
正文段
包括主题句
扩展句
结尾句
论证方式
：
归纳法：
是指从特殊到一般，
就是先罗列一系列论据，
可以是事实论据，
也可以是理论论据，
也可以兼
而有之，然后自然而然地概括出其中的道理或规律。
演绎法：
是从一般到特殊。
是作者现提出自己的论点，
< br>然后援引一系列的事实或理论论据加
以论证。
例证法：用事例来证明论点
类比法：
用读者熟悉的事物来类比陌生的事物，
以证明这一陌生事物具有
某种特点，
从而论
证作者的观点。
<
/p>
比较对照法：比较对照两个人、事物之间的相同及不同之处，从而证明作者的论点。
6.
关联词
表层次
:(
一二三原则
)
First
—
second
—
third
Firstly-
secondly-thirdly
The first-the second-
the third
In the first
place
—
in the second
place
—
in the third place
To begin
with/then/furthermore/finally
To start
with/ next /in addition/ finally
First and
foremost/besides/last but not least
Most important of all/moreover/finally
First of all/furthermore/finally
On the one hand/on the
other hand
For one thing/for another
thing(
两者
)
表观点
:
Personally;
In
my opinion;
As far as I am
concerned;
As far as I
know;
What I want to stress
is that…
(
我想强调的是
…);
… hold the opinion that…
某人持
有
…
的主张
;
According to sb,
…
依照某人的观点看
,…;
表转折
: However,
but
表让步
:
Although, Though, Despite the fact that
表因果
: Because, As, Since,
Therefore, thus, so
表递进
: not
only…, but also…
, as well as
表概括
: In a word; In short; To
sum up; in conclusion; all in all; altogether; in
brief; basically;
fundamentally;
generally
7
检查十个方
面
：
根据评分标准
9
：中心，内容
4
：结构
6
：时态，语态，拼写
1
：标点，字数，清洁，标题