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中考专项复习教案初三
使用
初中英语时态与语态分析与归纳
Tiger
纵观现行的初中英语教材,无论是人教版、新目标
、广州版等等,都没有脱离教学大纲的要求;对于时态
和语态的要求是一致的。在初中阶
段,学生必须了解和掌握八种时态,两种语态。只有很好地掌握好时态
和语态,才能为进
一步运用语言打下坚实的基础。下面,我们一起对此做一分析和归纳。
(一)
时态
所谓时态,在英语中,就是通过
动词的不同形式变化来表达不同时间内以不同的方式发生的动作或存在的
状态。初中阶段
要求掌握的时态如下表:
时
一
般
式
间
现在
一般现在时
过去
一般过去时
将来
一般将来时
过去将来
一般过去将来时
I.
一般现在时
进
行
完
成
现在进行时
过去进行时
不做要求
不做要求
现在完成时
过去完成时
不做要求
不做要求
从上面的表格中,我们可以
整体上把握时态的形式与结构;我们再具体分析如下:
1
.
p>
含义:一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态、习惯或客观事实与真理。
2
.
基本结构:
主语(非第三人称单数)
+
动词原形
(be
例外
)
e.g. I play
tennis .
主语(第三人称单数)
+
< br>动词第三人称单数形式
e.g. She
doesn’t play tennis. The train leaves every
morning at 8 a.m.
3
.
基本用法:
A)
< br>表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。特征:常常与频度副词或时间状语连用如:
always ,
usually , ever, never ,
often , sometimes , every day ( week , month etc )
等等。
经典例析:
Peter often
goes to his office by underground .
“皮特常常坐地铁上班。”
Father doesn’t
smoke . “父亲不吸烟。”
B)
< br>表示不受时间限制的客观存在。所谓不受时间限制的客观存在即包括客观真理、格言、科学事实等等。 p>
注意:在宾语从句中,动词时态不变。
e.g. The sun rises in the east and sets
in he west .“太阳东升西落。”
A rolling stone
gath
ers no moss. “滚石不生苔”。
Our teacher
said that the moon turns around the earth .
C)
表示主语的特征、性格、能力等等。
e.g.. John is an American .
She has brown
hair .
4
.
特别提醒:
◆
一般现在时表示将来时间:
1
)某些瞬间动词如:
begin ,
come , start , leave, arrive, go , come ,stop,
return ,open , close
等等,强调事实的客观性或不可变更时,
常常用一般现在时替代一般将来时。
e.g. The plane leaves at 7:30 .
Class begins
at 8:00 every morning .
2
)由
if / when /
as soon as / before
等
引导的条件状语从句或时间状语从句(动词时态用一般
现在时)
,
主句用一般将来时或祈
使句,或者主句含有情态动词
+
(
V<
/p>
原形)来表示将要发生的动作。
e.g. If the phone rings ,
can you answer it ?
Will you go and
help to get in the crops when the harvest time
comes ?
Work hard and you will succeed
.
l
考点透析
:
近来的中考题加大了综合能力的考查,
把几种时态糅合在一定
的语境中或
透过相应的句式结构来考查学生
l
解题对策:不能单一地从语法角度考虑,而应是结合语境,综
合思考。
5
.
中考链接:
①
They usually ______ TV in
the evening . (
北京
1999 )
A. watch
B. will watch
C. are watching
D. watches
②
I’ll tell Mrs.
Green about it as soon as she _____ back . (
浙江
2000 )
A. will come
B. is coming
C. comes
D. came
③
--- Can you
guess if they ____ to play basketball with us ?
---
I think they’ll come if they ___ free .
( 2001 辽宁
)
A. come are
B. will come will be
C. will come are
D. come will be
④ We
will have to clean the plates before Mother ______
home .
(2003
广东
)
A. will come
B. is coming
C. come
D. comes
⑤ We’re not sure if it _______ tomorrow
. If it ______, we won’t climb the South Hill (
2004
西宁市
)
A.
will snow snows
B. will snow will snow
C. snows snows
D. snows
will snow
⑥ He said that light
_____
much faster than
sound . (
沈阳
)
A. travelled
B. will travel
C. travels
D. is traveling
II.
一般过去时
1
.
基本结构:
主语
+
动词过去式
(
规则动词是在其后
+ ed ,
不规则动词变化要记住)
2
.
基本用法:
A)
p>
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。特征:常常与频度副词连用如:
a
lways , usually
等等
B)
表示过去习惯性的动作,但现在已终止。用
used to
来表示。
C)
p>
表示在过去某一时间内的某个时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。
特征:
常常与表
示具体的过去时间状语连用如:
yesterday, last week
, just
now , a
week ago
,
in
1998, when
she was
14
等等。
D)
特别提醒:
特殊句式:
It is / has been +
时间名词
+ since
从句
(
用一般过去式)
3
.
中考链接:
①
Sorry , Miss Wang . I
_____ the key to the door of the classroom at
home. I have to
go back
for
it
( 2001
黑龙江
)
A. left
B. missed
C. forgot
D. lost
②
It _____ ten years since
they _____ to France . ( 2001
河北
)
A. was; moved
B. was; have
moved
C. is have moved
D. is; moved
③
---
I’m sorry , Mr Wang . I
_____ my homework at home
---
That’s OK . But don’t forget _____ it
to school tomorrow . ( 2004 安徽芜湖
)
A. forgot to
take
B. left to bring
C. forgot to bring
D.
left to take
④ He used to _____ very
late , but now he is used to _______ early . (2003
潍坊市
)
A. get up getting up
B. get up
get up
C. getting up
; get up
D. getting up getting up
III.
一般将来时
1
.
基本结构:
A.
主语
+ will
/ shall + V
原形
(通常
shall
用于第一人称
)
B.
主语
+ be going to +
V
原形
(
be
随着主语的变化,而对应变化)
2
.
基本用法:
1
)
p>
表示在将来某个时间内要发生的动作或存在的状态。特征:常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如
:
tomorrow , next week (
month , year etc. ) from now on
等等。
e.g. My
father will go to Beijing tomorrow .
3
.
特别提醒:
1
)
be
going to + V
原形
;
will +V
原形
在表示“将来”的区别。
A.
表示说话人的计划、打算、或准备要做的事,常用
be going
to
结构表达。
e.g. He
is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii .
We’re going to meet each other tonight
at 7:00 PM.
B.
表示根
据现有的情况一种推测或预言将要发生的事情。常用
be going to
结构表达。
e.g. Look
at the cloud. It is going to rain .
2
)
p>
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时来表示将来。
e.g. I’ll give the note to him as soon
as he comes back .
4
.
中考链接:
①
--- Mike wants to know if _____ a
picnic tomorrow .
---
Yes. But if it _______
, we’ll v
isit the museum instead . (
2001
河北
)
A. you have will rain
B. you will have will
rain
C. you will have rains
D. will you have rains
②
I don’t know if she _____ me when she
________________.(2000 黑龙江
)
A. tells arrives
B. tells; will arrive
C.
will tell will arrive
D. will tell
arrives.
③
--- Do
you know when the world cup _________ next week ?
--- Next
Friday . When it ________, I will ring you .
A. begins begin
B.
begins will begin
C. will begin will begin
D. will begin begins
IV.
一般过去将来时
1
.
含义:表示在过去某个时间内将要发生的动作。
2
.
基本结构:
would +
V
原形
was /were going to + V
原形。常常用于宾语从句中。
经典例析:
She said
that she would go to Sweden .
Tom said
he was going to swim next week
3
.
特别提醒:
would
常常缩写成为’d. 如:I’d you’d .等。
4
.
中考链接:
1
)
The teacher said that she
______ us to the park the next day . (
北京
1993 )
A. will take
B. has taken
C. would take
D. is taking
2
)
--- What did the
scientists say ? (2001
广州
)
--- He said he wondered if _______ into
space by spaceship one day .
A. he had
to fly
B. he could fly
C. can be fly
D. could he fly
V.
现在进行时
1
.
基本结构:主语
+ be + V ing (be
的形式随主语的变化而变化
)
2
.
基本用法:
1
)
p>
表示现在正在进行的动作。特征:常常与
now
或具体的时间连用,有时句中会有感官动词来提示,
或上下文来暗示。
e.g. Look ! The car is coming to
you .
--- What are you
doing ?
---
I’m
writing a letter to my mother.
2
)
p>
表示现阶段一直进行的动作。特征:这类动词常常是延续性动词。常与
at
present
,
this
week
,
these
days
等连用。
e.g. At present , computers are playing
a more and more important role .
3
.
特别提醒:
A.
表示位置移动的动词如:
come
,
go
,
leave
,
arrive
,
start
,
begin
,
fly
,
return
等,
常常用其进行时来表示将来。
e.g. I am leaving for Nanjing tomorrow
.
B.
感官动词不能用于进行时态。如:
see , hear,
smell , taste, feel
等等。
C.
表示感情的动词如:
love ,hate , fear,
like , prefer
等不能用于进行时。
D.
表示思考和理解意义的动词如:
know
,
understand
,
believe,
think
,
forget,
remember
等
等不能用于进行时。
4
.中考链接:
①.
Don’t talk loudly here. My little baby
_____________. ( 2003 辽宁
)
A. has gone out
B. is
sleeping
C. sleeps
D. went to school
②
People
in
Qingdao
_______
learning
English
to
get
ready
for
the
2008
Olympic
Games
.
A. is active
in
B. takes an active part in
(2003
青
岛
)
C. are taking an active part in
D. are joining
③
Be quick ,the
monitor _______ for you in the library . (
河南
)
A. was waiting
B. waits
C.
is waiting
D. waited
VI.
过去进行时
1
.
基本结构:
主语
+ be (was / were ) + V
ing
(形式)
2
.
基本用法:
表示在过去某个时刻或某
一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。特征:常常与表示过去的时间状语连用如:
then
, at this
/ that
time , at
9 last night
等等。
经典例析:
I was watching TV at 9
last night .
3
.
特别提醒:
①表示位置移动的动词如:
come , go ,
leave , arrive , start , begin , fly , return
等,常常用
其进行时来表示过去将来要发生的动作。
He didn’t said when he was going
.
②特殊句式:
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