1992年考研英语真题及解析

[A] the driver

?

s ability to understand and react

[A]

司机理解（他人的行为）并做出合理反

reasonably

应的能力

[B] the driver

?

s prompt response to difficult and

[B]

司机对于困难且严峻的条件做出的迅速

severe conditions

反应

[C]

the

driver

?

s

tolerance

of

rude

or

even

[C]

司机对于粗鲁甚至野蛮的行为的容忍

savage behavior

[D]

the

driver

?

s

acknowledgment

of

politeness

[D]

司机对于礼貌和规则的认可

and regulations

[

分析

]

本题考核知识点：根据上下文理解短语。

根据题干关键词

good sense

锁定第二段第一句。

由于该句是段落主题句，

所以对它的理解必

然基于对本段内容的把握。

本段第一句指出：

< br>马路文明不仅是

good manners

，

还是

good sense

。

下文开始对

good s ense

进行具体阐述。

第二句说明如何对待他人不礼貌的行为 ：

克制住自己

不进行报复；

第三句到段 末说明如何对待他人的礼貌行为：

表示理解并做出认可的反应。

所

以，

[A]

是这两方面内容的概括。

[C]

和

[D]

都只涉及一个方面的内容，不全面，

[B]

中“困难

且严峻的条件”太笼统，

“快速反应”在该段也没有提到。

19.

Experts

have

long

pointed

out

that

in

the

19.

专家早就指出：面对汽车拥有者的突增，

face of car-ownership explosion, __________.

_____________

。

[A] road users should make more sacrifice

[A]

马路使用者应该做出更多的牺牲

[B]

drivers

should

be

ready

to

yield

to

each

[B]

司机应该准备彼此让步

other

[C]drivers

should

have

more

communication

[C]

司机之间应该有更多的交流

among themselves

[D]drivers will suffer great

loss if they pay no

[D]

司机之间若不互相尊重，他们会遭受巨

respect to others

大损失

[

]

：本题考核知识点：细节题。

根据题干中出现的关键词

Experts

，

car-ownership

explos ion

锁定全文倒数第二句。对本题进

行判断的主要依据来自于 对短语

give-and-take

的理解。考生根据本合成 词的构成很容易猜

测出

give-and-take

意为：

互相让步

,

互相 迁就

（

make mutual concessions

）

，

[B]

中的< /p>

yield to each

other

即为此意，所以为正确选项。

20. In the writer

?

s opinion, ___________.

20.

作者认为

________________

。

[A]strict traffic regulations are badly needed

[A]

急需严格的交通规则

[B]drivers

should

apply

road

politeness

[B]

司机应该有适当的马路礼貌

properly

[C] rude drivers should be punished

[C]

野蛮的司机应该受到惩罚

[D] drivers should avoid traffic jams

[D]

司机应该避免交通阻塞

[

分析

]

本题考核知识点：作者观点题。

理解 作者的观点需要纵观全文。

本文第二段说明司机应该礼貌驾驶并对同行的礼貌行为做出< /p>

合理反应。第三段说明司机误用礼貌

(misplaced politeness )

同样危险。所以，本文是从正反

两 方面分析了

politeness

对减少道路问题的作用。

properly

对于作者的观点最具有概括力，

< br>所以

[B]

为正确选项。

本文并没有从利用交通法规减少交通问题方面进行讨论，所以

[A]

非本文论述内容。本文也

没有提及对野蛮司机的惩罚，所以

[C]

非正确选项。文章只在开头作为马路问题产生原因之

一提及

traffic jam

，

而并没有提到司机应该避免交通高峰以减少交通问题，

所以

< br>[D]

非正确选

项。

长难句分析

A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgment in response to an act of politeness helps to

create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions.

本句主干为：

A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledge…helps to create and atmosphere of….

介

词短语

in

response

to

…politeness

是

wave

of

acknowledgment

的后置定语，形容词短语

so

necessary…conditions

是

an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance

的后置定语。

< br>译文：

一个友好的颔首、

一个轻轻的挥手，既表达了对对 方礼貌行为的认可，又可以形成友

好宽容的氛围，而这种氛围在当前的交通条件下是如此 必要。

Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at

some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the

man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be

unable to stop in time.

本句主干为：

typical examples are the driver…or the man…

，

两个名词

the driver

和

the man

之

后分别接有定语从句

who brakes…be clear anyway

和

who waves…stop in time

做后置定语。

第一个定 语从句中嵌套了一个状语从句：

when a few seconds later…clear anyway

；第二个定

语从句中嵌 套了另外一个定语从句

that

…stop in time

，为

oncoming vehicles

的后置定语。

译文：

典型的事例为：

司机为了让过从边路上突然出现的车而采取急刹车，

造成了危险。

（而若不出现这种情 况）

，本来只需几秒钟的等待，道路就会畅通无阻；或者，

有人 会为一个穿过斑马线的孩子让路，

示意其进入车辆通道，

但随后 驶来的车辆却无法及时

停车。

全文翻译

我们可以谴责交通阻塞、汽 油价格、以及现代生活的快节奏，但马路礼貌确实越来越糟糕。

所有的人都知道：

即便脾气最好的人在车里也会变成怪兽。

老虎在油箱里还好说，

可老虎若

坐在驾驶员的位置上就完全是另一回事了。

< br>你也许能够容忍在马路上横冲直闯的司机、

粗鲁

且不体谅 人的司机，但现今文明驾驶的司机却实属罕见。

(

可能这需要发 起一场“对其他司

机友善”的运动，否则，情形会完全失控

)< /p>

。

马路文明不仅是一种礼貌行为，

还是一种良好的意识。

司机需要非常冷静的头脑和好脾气才

能在碰到不文明行为时克制住自己不进行报复。

另一方面，

些许文明行为十分有助于缓解驾

车时的紧张情绪。

一 个友好的颔首、

感谢对方礼貌行为的一个轻轻的挥手有助于形成友好宽

< br>容的氛围，

而这在当前的交通条件下是非常必要的。

但现 在，

这种对礼貌表示认可的行为非

常罕见。现今很多司机即使见 到礼貌行为也似乎视若惘然。

但是，

误用礼貌同样危险。

典型的事例为：

司机为了让过从边路上突然 出现的车而采取急刹

车，却对后面的交通造成了危险。

（而若不 出现这种情况）

，本来只需几秒钟的等待，

道路就

会畅通无阻；或者，

有人会为一个穿过斑马线的孩子让路，示意其进入行车道 ，但随后驶来

的车辆却无法及时停车。

同样，

< br>鼓励老太太随时随地横穿马路的行为也是如此。

我经常感到

奇怪：高速公路上居然没有屡屡出现这些老太太被撞死的交通事故。

一位行为无可挑剔的老司机曾告诉我：

在不引起交通阻塞，

从而惹怒其他司机的前提下，

司

机们学会逐个插入车流有助 于缓解交通。

但现代的驾驶员甚至不会学如何驾车，

更别说掌握

公路驾车技能的微妙之处了。

多年前专家就曾警告我们：

汽车拥有量的突增要求所有马路使

用者的互谅互让。现在是我们该把这 项警告铭记于心的时候了。

词汇：

road hog

驾车乱抢路的人

go a long way

：

to help very much in achieving sth

（对做某事）大有帮助

Passage 2

In

the

atmosphere,

carbon

dioxide

acts

rather

like

a

one-way

mirror

—

the

glass

in

the

roof

of a

greenhouse which allows the sun

?

s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.

According to a weather expert

?

s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3

°

C warmer in the year 2050

than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place,

the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely

flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes

in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth

?

s chief

food-growing zones.

In

the

past,

concern

about

a

man-made

warming

of

the

earth

has

concentrated

on

the

Arctic

because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are

now paying

more attention

to West Antarctic, which

may be affected

by only a few degrees of

warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty

years from the burning of fuels.

Satellite

pictures

show

that

large

areas

of

Antarctic

ice

are

already

disappearing.

The

evidence

available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms

the earth.

However,

most

of

the

fuel

is

burnt

in

the

northern

hemisphere,

where

temperatures

seem

to

be

falling.

Scientists

conclude,

therefore,

that

up

to

now

natural

influences

on

the

weather

have

exceeded

those

caused

by

man.

The

question

is:

Which

natural

cause

has

most

effect

on

the

weather?

One

possibility

is

the

variable

behavior

of

the

sun.

Astronomers

at

one

research

station

have

studied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the

sun. As the sun

rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder” fa

ces to the earth, and different aspects to

different

parts

of

the

earth.

This

seems

to

have

a

considerable

effect

on

the

distribution

of

the

earth

?

s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a

long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the

actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the

models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of

solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects

overcome

the

inertia(

惯性

)of

the

earth

?

s

climate.

If

this

is

right,

the

warming

effect

of

carbon

dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counte-balance to the sun

’

s diminishing heat.

文章结构分析

本文对地球气候的变化从自然气候和人为因素两方面的影响进行了分析。